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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.85 引用次数:232 题号:15785988

IQ is often regarded as a crucial driver of success, particularly in fields such as science, innovation and technology. But the truth is that some of the greatest achievements by our species have primarily relied on what scientists call “cognitive flexibility”.

Cognitive flexibility is a skill that enables us to switch between different concepts, or to adapt behavior to achieve goals in a novel or changing environment. And the good news is that it can be trained. Currently, a group of researchers from Cambridge University are conducting a research, trying to work out how people can best boost their cognitive flexibility.

Cognitive flexibility may have affected how people coped with the pandemic lockdowns, which produced new challenges around work and schooling. Some people may have changed their routines from time to time, trying to find better and more varied ways of going about their day. Others, however, struggled and finally became more rigid in their thinking. They stuck to the same routine activities, with little flexibility or change.

Flexible thinking is key to creativity. It also supports academic and work skills such as problem solving. Unlike working memory, it is largely independent of IQ. For example, many visual artists may be of average intelligence, but highly creative and have produced masterpieces.

So does cognitive flexibility make people smarter in a way that isn’t always captured on IQ tests? We know that it leads to better rational thinking throughout the lifespan. For example, for children it leads to better reading abilities and better school performance.

It can also help protect against a number of prejudice. People who are cognitively flexible are better at recognizing potential faults in themselves and using strategies to overcome these faults.

Cognitive flexibility is essential for society to flourish. It can help maximize the potential of individuals to create innovative ideas and creative inventions. Ultimately, it is such qualities that we need to solve the big challenges of today.

1. What is the purpose of the research conducted by Cambridge University researchers?
A.To clarify people’s misunderstanding about cognitive flexibility.
B.To figure out the relationship between IQ and cognitive flexibility.
C.To explore effective ways to improve people’s cognitive flexibility.
D.To make out the benefits of increasing people’s cognitive flexibility.
2. What will cognitively flexible people probably do to deal with new challenges?
A.Stick to their original plan.B.Handle new problems rigidly.
C.Adjust their thoughts and behavior.D.Apply creative ideas to improve their IQ.
3. What can we learn about cognitive flexibility?
A.It is closely related to people’s IQ.B.It is an unchangeable inborn quality.
C.It helps people avoid reasonable thinking.D.It helps people make greater achievements.
4. What do the last three paragraphs mainly talk about?
A.Applications of cognitive flexibility.B.Benefits of cognitive flexibility.
C.Experiments on cognitive flexibility.D.Definitions of cognitive flexibility.
【知识点】 科普知识 说明文

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【推荐1】Right now, social media is flooded with photos of people with their celery(芹菜)juice. They say that the green drink cured them of headaches, skin conditions, and cleared poisons in their bodies, and left them with a feeling of pure joy.

Celery is suddenly in the spotlight. It's got a respectable amount of vitamin C and B, and has a little bit of fiber. It's full of water and refreshing. I've no doubt that celery juice helps people feel more fresh and juicy in the morning. And I know from personal experience that a green drink is a nice, light way to start the day.

But the magic statements about celery juice leave me more than a little doubt. If celery juice did, indeed, wash viruses out of the body and cure headaches, wouldn't the world be free of headache medicine? And the medical explanations surrounding celery juice's powers just don't make sense一for instance, that drinking celery juice increases bile(胆汁) or that it "restores your central nervous system". Huh?

There are also drawbacks of juicing in general. It's quicker to drink juice than it is to eat fruits and vegetables, so it may feel less satisfying than eating whole food. You also lose the fiber when juicing. Celery juice is made by putting the stalks (茎秆) through a juicer or processing them in a regular fruit mixer and straining the mixture through cheesecloth or a nut-milk bag, leaving all the fiber behind. It's stated that removing the fiber from celery makes the healing powers stronger, but unlike celery juice, fiber is actually proven to be good for you. The benefits range from keeping you regular to lowering blood pressure. To get these fiber benefits, throw a stalk of celery into your favorite fruit drink, so you're getting the whole vegetable, not just the juice.

My two cents: If you want to try celery juice, there aren't drawbacks beyond the cost and the taste. But don't set your expectations for healing too high.

1. According to the author, celery juice ______ .
A.is only a kind of green drink
B.has great practical values in use
C.can cure people of some diseases
D.contains less fiber than other fruit juice
2. What is the author's purpose of writing the text? ______
A.To show the value of celery.
B.To promote a new kind of drink.
C.To persuade people to drink green drink.
D.To show his opinion on drinking celery juice.
3. What can be a suitable title for this passage? ______
A.Is It Right to Be a Vegetarian?B.Is Celery Juice A Magic Cure?
C.Is Social Media Telling the Truth?D.Is Celery Juice Better Than Celery?
2019-04-14更新 | 87次组卷
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【推荐2】Confirmation bias(偏见) is our tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing beliefs. It also describes how we try to find ways to look at unclear information in ways that support rather than challenge those beliefs — or simply ignore information that contradicts them.     1    

People usually don't engage in confirmation bias on purpose.    2     For example, if you heard that a politician you support was caught in a scandal(丑闻), you might be more likely to believe explanations that make them look less guilty. Meanwhile, people who dislike that politician would probably be more likely to believe stories that make them look worse.

So what can we do to avoid confirmation bias?     3     This can help us check if we only believe certain things because we never seriously considered other possibilities. It's also easy to surround ourselves with an “echo chamber” of people who think the same way we do—especially on social media.    4     It can help us understand that there may be other ways to see the same issue.

And perhaps most importantly: we have to be careful not to jump to conclusions.    5     We should try to learn more before deciding how we feel about something, even if it's very important to us. But that's often easier said than done.

A.The thing we most want to believe might not actually be true.
B.But research has found that it is real and affects our judgment.
C.But it can be helpful to talk to people who don't share our beliefs.
D.Research has shown that confirmation bias occurs in several contexts.
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F.One thing we can do is try to look for evidence that contradicts our beliefs.
G.This is especially true for information about things that feel very important to us.
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文章大意:本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了非语言交流的重要性。

【推荐3】Have you ever wondered why you sometimes take an almost immediate liking to a person you have just met? We often get the first impression of a person based on the colour of a person’s skin or the manner in which he or she dresses. Meaning is conveyed(传递) not only by words or verbal languages but also by nonverbal communication systems, such as body behaviour.

Nonverbal communication is important because we use the actions of others to learn about their emotional states. Our emotions are reflected in our posture, face, and eyes-be it fear, joy, anger, or sadness-- so we can express them without ever saying a word. For this reason, most of us depend heavily on what we learn through our eyes.

Nonverbal communication is significant in human interaction because it is usually responsible for the first impressions. More importantly, those first messages usually influence the perception(感知) of everything else that follows. Even how we select friends and partners is based on first impressions with nonverbal communication.

Nonverbal communication is important because it is culture-related. It is based on different beliefs, religions, values and customs in different cultures. When, where, how, and to whom people display his or her specific nonverbal behaviour is greatly affected by culture and context. Culture determines what the appropriate nonverbal behaviour is. For example, feelings of friendship exist everywhere but their expression varies. It maybe appropriate in some countries for men to hug each other and for women to hold hands; in other countries these displays of affection(情感) may be shocking. Each culture has its own specific interpretation on nonverbal communication. What is acceptable in one culture may be completely unacceptable in another. One culture may determine that snapping fingers(打响指) to call a waiter is acceptable; another may consider this gesture rude.

1. What is the best title of the passage?
A.Nonverbal communication and first impression.
B.Nonverbal communication is culture-related.
C.Nonverbal and verbal communication.
D.The importance of nonverbal communication.
2. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A.Meaning can be conveyed both by words and body language.
B.We can use nonverbal communication to learn about a person’s emotional states.
C.We often get the first impression by what a person says.
D.The first impression can affect what we will do in the following.
3. How many reasons are mentioned in the text to show nonverbal communication is important?
A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.
4. What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A.We can use different ways to express friendship.
B.Different cultures have different meanings of nonverbal communication.
C.Snapping fingers to call a waiter is acceptable.
D.Learning a country’s culture is very important.
2022-12-03更新 | 102次组卷
共计 平均难度:一般