Beijing (AP) Three Chinese astronauts returned to Earth on Saturday after six months aboard their country’s newest orbital station in the longest crewed mission to date for China’s ambitious space program.
The Shenzhou 13 space capsule landed in the Gobi desert in the norther region of Inner Mongolia, shown live on CCTV. During the mission, astronaut Wang Yaping carried out the first spacewalk by a Chinese woman. Wang and crew mates Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu beamed (发送) back physics lessons for high school students. China launched its first astronaut into space in 2003 and landed robot rovers on the moon in 2013 and on Mars last year. Officials have discussed a possible crewed mission to the moon.
On Saturday, CCTV showed images from inside the capsule as it traveled at 200 meters per second over Africa before entering the atmosphere. The trio (三人组) were the second crew aboard Tiangong, or Heavenly Palace. Its core module, Tianhe, was launched in April 2021. Plans call for completing construction this year by adding two more modules. Authorities have yet to announce a date for launching the next Tiangng crew.
China Was the hid nation to launch an astronaut into space on its own after the former Soviet Union and the United States. Tiangong is China’s third space station following predecessors (前身) launched in 2011 and 2016. The government announced in 2020 that China's first reusable spacecraft had landed following a test flight.
On Tuesday, President Xi visited the launch site in Wenchang on the southern island of Hainan from which the Tianhe module was fired into orbit. “Persist in pursuing the frontiers of world aerospace development and the major strategic needs of national aerospace,” President Xi told staff at the site, all of them in military uniform.
1. How long were the 3 astronauts aboard in China’s orbital station?A.One year. | B.Two years. | C.One Month. | D.Six months. |
A.The three astronauts gave lessons for high school students. |
B.Wang Yaping carried out the first spacewalk by a Chinese. |
C.Chinese officials has a date for a crewed mission to the moon. |
D.The space capsule landed in the Western region of Inner Mongolia. |
A.Tiangong was launched in April 2021. |
B.The trio were the second crew to be in space. |
C.The China’s first reusable spacecraft will be launched soon. |
D.The Chinese orbital station Tiangong hasn’t been completely constructed. |
A.The former Soviet Union. | B.The United Kingdom. |
C.China. | D.America. |
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【推荐1】With the help of new devices on mice, scientists are using light to switch nerve cells on and off in mice’s brains to explore the animals’ social behavior, a new study shows.
The new devices rely on optogenetics(光遗传学), a technique in which researchers use bursts of light to stimulate or control the brain nerve cells, often using tailored viruses to genetically correct cells so they respond to light. Scientists have applied optogenetics to explore neural(神经的) circuits in mice and other lab animals to come to a conclusion on how they might work in humans. Optogenetic devices often feed light to neurons via fiber-optic cables, but such things can influence natural behaviors and social interactions. While scientists recently developed implantable(可植入的) wireless optogenetic devices, these depend on relatively simple remote controls or limited sets of preprogrammed instructions.
These new fully implantable optogenetic devices can enable more complex research. Specifically, the researchers can adjust each device’s programming during the course of experiment. “So you can target what an animal does in a much more complex way,” says Genia Kozorovitskiy, a researcher at Northwestern University.
These devices are battery-free, wirelessly powered by the same high-frequency radio waves used to remotely control the intensity, duration and timing of the light pulses. The devices also allow scientists to control four different neural circuits in an animal simultaneously, thanks to LEDs that give out four colors——blue, green, yellow and red——instead of just one.
The widely available wireless technology used in this work, the same now used in contactless payment with credit cards, could allow broad adoption across the neuroscience community “without extensive specialized hardware”, says Philipp Gutruf at the University of Arizona. “That means that we might see these devices in many labs in the near future, enabling new discoveries.”
1. What’s scientists’ purpose of using optogenetics?A.To control humans’ brain nerve cells. |
B.To account for humans’ social interactions. |
C.To figure out how neural circuits affect humans. |
D.To correct tailored viruses entering the human bodies. |
A.Once in a while. | B.At the same time. |
C.By ones and twos. | D.On a regular basis. |
A.The function of wireless technology. |
B.The promising future of the devices. |
C.The novel application of the devices. |
D.The development of wireless technology. |
A.Scientists Can Kill Mice with Light |
B.Scientists Control Humans’ Social Interactions |
C.Scientists Control Social Behavior of Mice with New Devices |
D.Scientists Can Record Human Neural Circuits with New Devices |
【推荐2】The rainforests are alive with the sound of animals. Besides the pleasure of the din, it is also useful to ecologists. If you want to measure the biodiversity of a piece of land, listening out for animal calls is much easier than digging about in the undergrowth looking for tracks. But such “bio-acoustic analysis” is still time-consuming, and it requires an expert pair of ears.
In a paper published on October 17th in Nature Communications, a group of researchers led by Jörg Müller, an ecologist at the University of Würzburg, describe a better way: have a computer do the job. Smartphone apps already exist that will identify birds, bats or mammals simply by listening to the sounds they make. Their idea was to apply the principle to conservation work.
The researchers took recordings from across 43 sites in the Ecuadorean rainforest. Sound recordings were taken four times every hour, over two weeks. The various calls were identified manually by an expert, and then used to construct a list of the species present. As expected, the longer the land had been free from agricultural activity, the greater the biodiversity it hosted.
Then it was the computer’s turn. The researchers fed their recordings to artificial-intelligence models that had been trained, using sound samples from elsewhere in Ecuador, to identify 75 bird species from their calls. “We found that the AI tools could identify the sounds as well as the experts,” says Dr Müller.
Of course, not everything in a rainforest makes a noise. Dr Müller and his colleagues used light-traps to capture night-flying insects, and DNA analysis to identify them. Reassuringly, they found that the diversity of noisy animals was a reliable proxy (指标) for the diversity of the quieter ones, too.
The results may have relevance outside ecology departments, too. Under pressure from their customers, firms such as L’Oreal, a make-up company, and Shell, an oil firm, have been spending money on forest restoration projects around the world. Dr Müller hopes that an automated approach to checking on the results could help monitor such efforts, and give a standardized way to measure whether they are working as well as their sponsors say.
1. Which of the following best describes Dr Müller’s method of bio-acoustic analysis?A.Costly. | B.Impractical. | C.High-tech. | D.Labor-consuming. |
A.The species in the rainforests have increased. |
B.Agricultural activity negatively influenced the richness in species. |
C.There are more reliable sound recordings in Ecuadorean rainforest. |
D.Trained AI models can identify as many kinds of sounds as experts. |
A.To figure out the species of quieter animals. |
B.To confirm the biodiversity of the quieter animals. |
C.To emphasize the biodiversity of the noisy animals. |
D.To compare the noisy animals and the quieter ones. |
A.The investment in bio-acoustic analysis. |
B.The importance of forest restoration projects. |
C.The standard to measure the automated approach. |
D.The research’s impact on forest restoration projects. |
【推荐3】A chip inserted in a young quadriplegic’s (四肢麻痹患者) brain is already improving his quality of life. Soon the benefits may be more widespread.
A 25-year-old man unable to move from the neck down recently did what many assumed impossible. After a knife attack that had left him paralyzed, all he could move was his head, which he used to push a switch and call for a nurse. And he could turn his wheelchair by blowing into a straw near his face. That was it.
Then last June, a Foxborough (Mass.) company called Cyber Kinetics opened the man’s skull and inserted a special chip no larger than a baby aspirin. That insert has given him a few additional and precious abilities. When connected to a special computer via a cable, the chip translates the young man’s thoughts into commands that let him move a cursor across a PC screen and open e-mail. He can draw a circle with a computer painting program. And he can use a robotic hook (钩) to perform simple tasks like picking up a candy and sliding it across a table.
All he has to do is to think.
Several new studies have begun or been completed in the past year. In fact, more than half of the scientific papers in this field, called brain-to-computer interaction (BCI), have been published in the past two years, notes Jonathan Wolpaw, a research physician at Wadsworth Center, the New York State Health Dept.’s research laboratory.
Brain surgeries (手术) are no longer rare: Thousands of Parkinson’s disease patients have had special devices inserted in their brains to ease uncontrollable shaking and other symptoms. The inserts themselves have improved, so the body doesn’t reject them as furiously (猛烈地). And significant development has been achieved in software used to interpret the brain’s signals and change them into commands understood by computers.
But increased demand for thought technology remains the biggest reason for the field’s progress. Today, 4 million Americans live with paralysis according to the Christopher Reeve Paralysis Foundation.
Scientists hope that thought technology will reduce the impact of such disabilities. People with spinal-cord injuries, for example, often lose their ability to walk because the communications network between their brain and their legs has been interrupted. The brain still commands the leg muscles to move, but they don’t hear its orders.
Thought technology, scientists hope, will bridge this communications gap. “Our goal is for you to see paralyzed people eating at a restaurant and for you not to know that they are paralyzed,” says John Donoghue, founder and chief scientific officer at Cyber Kinetics.
1. What was the young man’s trouble after a knife attack?A.It was impossible for him to do anything. |
B.By no means could he call for a nurse. |
C.He could not use his organs under the neck. |
D.He was unable to move his head. |
A.A chip | B.A computer |
C.A robotic hook | D.A company |
A.There used to be a lot of brain surgeries. |
B.There has been some progress in the field of thought technology. |
C.People with Parkinson’s disease reject the use of the chip in their brains. |
D.No software has been developed to interpret the brain’s signals. |
A.Communications gap | B.Thought technology |
C.American quadriplegics | D.Human brains |
【推荐1】Scientists from the University of Tsukuba designed a text message mediation (调节) robot that can help users control their anger when receiving upsetting news. This device may help improve social interactions as we move towards a world with increasingly digital communications.
While a quick text message apology is a fast and easy way for friends to let us know they are going to be late for a planned meeting, it is often missing the human factor that will accompany an explanation face-to-face, or even over the phone. It is likely to be more upsetting when we are not able to notice the emotional weight behind our friends’ regret at making us wait.
Now, researchers at the University of Tsukuba have built a robot that they called OMOY, which was equipped with a movable weight driven by mechanical parts inside its body. By shifting the internal weight, the robot could express simulated emotions (模拟情绪). The robot was designed as a mediator for reading text messages. A text with unwelcome or frustrating news could be followed by a suggestion by OMOY to not get upset, or even sympathy for the user.
“With the medium of written digital communication, the lack of social feedback shift focus from the sender and onto the content of the message itself, ” author Professor Fumihide Tanaka says. The mediator robot was designed so that it can control the user's anger and other negative motivations.
The researchers tested 94 people with a message like “I’m sorry, I am late. The appointment slipped my mind. Can you wait another hour?” The team found that OMOY was able to reduce negative emotions. “The mediation robot can relay (播放) a frustrating message followed by giving its own opinion. When this speech is accompanied by the appropriate weight shifts, we saw that the user would feel the ‘intention’ of the robot to help them calm down,” Professor Tanaka says.
1. Why is OMOY designed?A.To send apology messages to friends on behalf of users. |
B.To provide users a way to avoid receiving bad messages. |
C.To show sympathy to users by sending encouraging messages. |
D.To help calm users down when they receive negative messages. |
A.How OMOY works. | B.How OMOY judges bad messages. |
C.How OMOY responds to users. | D.How OMOY chats with users. |
A.OMOY is popular with all users. | B.OMOY is helpful to users in a way. |
C.OMOY is the perfect robot at present. | D.OMOY is sensitive to any messages. |
A.Lifestyle. | B.Culture. | C.Education. | D.Technology. |
【推荐2】Fourteen-year-old Harini Logan won the Scripps National Spelling Bee last Thursday, defeating 12-year-old Vikram Raju in a tie-breaker. It’s the first time the contest has ever been decided by a tie-breaking round of spelling.
A spelling bee is a contest where players take turns spelling words. Players who spell a word wrong are out of the contest. As the contest goes on, the words get more difficult. Normally, the contest ends when there’s only one player left who hasn’t made a mistake. Though the bee is mainly about spelling, since 2021 it has changed slightly to also focus on the meaning of the words. During parts of the contest, students were asked to choose the correct meaning of a word.
That caused trouble for Harini. She was asked about the meaning of the word “pullulation”. She said the word described the nesting of birds. The contest organizers had expected the answer the “swarming of bees”. Harini was removed from the contest. But soon she was back in—the judges double-checked and learned that Harini’s definition was also correct. One by one, the other students spelled a word wrong and got out. Finally, only Harini and Vikram were left.
The Scripps bee has been running for over 90 years. Many times it ended in a tie. As a result, the contest organizers changed the rules. They added a “spell-off” to the contest to make future ties much less likely. In the spell-off, Vikram and Harini each took turns trying to spell the words they were asked, but both made mistakes. At one point, Harini could have won by spelling the word “drimys” (a kind of plant) correctly. But she missed it.
That put the two into a super tie-breaking event, where they were each given 90 seconds to correctly spell as many words as they could. In 90 seconds, Vikram had spelled 15 words correctly. Harini had 21 correct spellings, making her the new winner.
1. What does the author want to show in Paragraph 2?A.The rules of the contest. | B.The awards of the contest. |
C.The organization of the contest. | D.The way to take part in the contest. |
A.To attract more teenagers. | B.To avoid the result of a tie. |
C.To make the contest fair. | D.To reduce unexpected mistakes. |
A.A close spelling contest was held online. | B.The Scripps Spelling Bee changed its rules. |
C.Many people won spots at a national contest. | D.A teenager wins Spelling Bee in exciting tie-breaker. |
A.A news report. | B.A book review. | C.A research paper. | D.A class presentation. |
【推荐3】LANZHOU-When an international olive oil competition announced its winners in Greece in late June, excitement spread across the village of Daoqi in Northwest China.
“The award-winning olive oil was made from our fruit,” said Ru Ciming, 50, an olive planter from the village under the city of Longnan, Gansu province. The variety of olive trees in Ru’s orchard (果园) was introduced from Spain. In the eyes of locals, the foreign trees have not only pulled the city, once among the least-developed regions in China, out of poverty, but they have also brought them international fame.
Olives originated in the Mediterranean (地中海地区) and their oil, often called liquid gold, is used widely in food, cosmetics and medicine. In the 1960s, the Albanian government gifted China more than 10,000 olive saplings (树苗), which were then planted in many parts of the country on nationwide trials. Longnan began to plant olive trees in the early 1970s and experts concluded that the region was ideal for the resettlement of the olive trees due to its climate and soil condition. After years of experiments and promotion, it is now the largest olive cultivation (栽培) base in China.
In recent years, the local olive oil industry has continued to expand as Longnan has improved cooperation with Mediterranean countries that have a long history of olive planting, including Italy, Greece and Spain. The improved cooperation aims to introduce better varieties and initiate technical exchanges.
Pedro J. Rodriguez Sanchez, a Spanish olive seedling expert, was one of the early contributors to olive exchanges. He arrived in Longnan in 2009, when only half of the local olive tree seedlings had survived. His technical guidance helped raise the survival rate to over 90 percent.
Zhao Haiyun, an official in charge of promoting the olive industry in Longnan’s Wudu District, said that many more European experts have arrived since Sanchez. They have visited orchards to offer guidance to farmers, and helped companies improve their processing and storage procedures.
They have helped the district, as well as the city of Longnan, to jump on the bandwagon of China’s rising demand for high-quality olive oil, especially among well-off urban families, said Zhao.
1. What can we learn from the third paragraph?A.Olive oil is named liquid gold and has many uses. |
B.The Albanian government sold some olive saplings to China. |
C.Longnan has a history of about 30 years of planting olive trees. |
D.Longnan is fit for the growth of olive trees due to its rich water resources. |
A.Italy. | B.Albania. | C.Spain. | D.Greece. |
A.Policy. | B.Habit. | C.Fashion. | D.Model. |
A.Olives link Northwest China with world |
B.Oliver trees pull Longnan out of poverty |
C.Longnan is largest olive cultivation base in China |
D.Longnan improves cooperation with Mediterranean countries |
【推荐1】After traveling through space for seven months, China’s Tianwen-1 has reached Mars and successfully entered the planet’s orbit on Wednesday—bringing it one step closer to landing on the surface.
Tianwen-1, which got its name from an antient Chinese poem, is made up of an orbiter, lander and a six-wheeled rover (巡视器) carrying scientific instruments, according to the China National Space Administration (CNSA).
The CNSA said the probe is expected to land on the planet’s surface in May or June, and the rover is expected to stay for three months, with the hope that it can gather important information about Mars’ geological structure, atmosphere, environment and soil, and search for any signs of water.
Tianwen-1 was launched last July, and its arrival in the Mars’s orbit makes China the sixth country in history to reach Mars. So far, the United States and the former Soviet Union are the only two countries to land a spacecraft on the surface of Mars. But the European Space Agency and India have already sent spacecraft to enter the planet’s orbit—and on Tuesday, the UAE joined their ranks, with its Hope Probe successfully entering orbit.
With Tianwen-1, China is the first nation to attempt sending both an orbiter and a rover on its first Mars mission on its own. According to the scientific team behind the mission, the probe will “orbit, land and release a rover all on the very first try, and carry out experiments with an orbiter”. By contrast, NASA sent multiple orbiters to Mars before ever attempting a landing, since pulling off the landing is a far more difficult task.
China’s first attempt to reach Mars was actually in 2011 with the Yinghuo-1 probe, which was supposed to orbit the red planet and study its environmental structure. It was launched from Kazakhstan together with the Russian Phobos-Grunt mission in November that year.
1. What can we know about Tianwen-1?A.It has been on the Mars orbit for seven months. |
B.It was named after a famous ancient Chinese poet. |
C.Its rover will work for three months upon landing. |
D.It will gather information about creatures on Mars. |
A.India. | B.China. | C.The UAE. | D.The United States. |
A.China is the first country to send orbiter to Mars. |
B.China’s first attempt to reach Mars happened in 2012. |
C.China once did research on Mars’ environmental structure. |
D.China is the sixth country to reach Mars followed by the USA. |
A.Is Mars Exploration Worth the Investment? |
B.China’s Tianwen-1 Closer to Landing on Mars |
C.Mars: the Final Front Line of Space Exploration |
D.Recent Theories Show Evidence of Life on Mars |
【推荐2】Frequent goodbyes to her family come hand-in-hand with Wang Yaping’s intensive training. This time, however, her goodbye has sparked joy in her 5-year-old daughter’s eyes as she is “shooting for the stars.”
Known for broadcasting a 40-minute live lesson during her first space trip, she is very likely to draw global attention again during her second space mission.
Wang was born in 1980 to a rural family in Shandong Province. “When I was young, my world was small,” Wang recalled. “My dream was much more simple: to go beyond the village and to pay back all that my parents had given me.”
Her space dream started in 2003 when China sent Yang Liwei into space. “I watched the bright rocket flame on TV, and an idea flashed through my mind: China now has a male taikonaut, when will there be a female one?” Wang said. After racking up safe flights for 1,600 hours over nine years, Wang became a strong candidate (候选人) for China’s first flight by a female taikonaut. However, she did not pass her final tests. Wang did not lose heart but pushed forward even harder. She always ran three laps more than others in physical courses; she volunteered to be held to the same standards as her male partners during desert survival training, and she asked to train in the pressure chamber for an extra 30 minutes each time. “You can’t catch a break simply for being a woman,” she said.
Her efforts were not in vain. Wang became a crew member of the Shenzhou-10 space mission in 2013. And more notably, she earned the title of China’s first space teacher after giving a lecture to students from an orbit more than 300 km above the Earth’s surface.
Liu Cixin, China’s famous sci-fi writer and Hugo Award winner, said Wang’s lesson was like a “brush,” which painted a space world for children that is different from Earth.
1. What do we know about Wang Yaping?A.She is the first Chinese woman to enter space. |
B.She went to space just for a lecture in 2013. |
C.She is the first Chinese to give a lesson in space. |
D.She dreamed to pay back her hometown as a child. |
A.She was puzzled about her future for a period. |
B.She felt down completely under great pressure. |
C.She volunteered for heavier tasks than men. |
D.She strengthened herself through hard practice. |
A.Learned and generous. | B.Wise and cooperative. |
C.Honest and ambitious. | D.Determined and hard-working. |
A.Simile. | B.Quote. |
C.Repetition. | D.Personification. |
You may feel like you've heard about the hunt for liquid water on Mars before—and the researchers involved know it may seem played out. But science has yet to truly prove that water flows on Mars once and for all, and doing so could completely change the way we view the planet. This new data is a big step in the right direction.
"Liquid water is an attractive topic, and we like the thousandth time someone has discovered water on Mars," Lujendra Ojha, the Georgia Tech PhD candidate who led the research announced Monday, told The Post. But there's a good reason that liquid water is so "attractive": Mars is now the only planet in our solar system to show evidence of the stuff on its surface, other than
The study builds on research from April, when scientists using data from the Curiosity rover noted that the planet had the seasonal potential for liquid water. We know that because of the extremely low pressure on Mars, water has a boiling point of just a few degrees Celsius, after which it evaporates. The April study noted the presence of perchlorates (高氯酸盐) —a kind of salt—which could make the boiling point of Mars' water much higher, theoretically allowing it to remain liquid. They affirmed that the planet's temperature would be right for liquid, perchlorate-filled water to form every day during winter and spring.
1. What does the Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?
A.The significance of the discovery. |
B.The doubt of the discovery. |
C.The difficulty of the discovery. |
D.The expense of the discovery. |
A.Mars |
B.the earth |
C.liquid water |
D.the solar system |
A.The thick atmosphere around Mars. |
B.The physical structure of Mars. |
C.The extremely low pressure on Mars. |
D.Perchlorates in Mar's water. |
A.Water on Mars could be used for dringking |
B.There might be some kinds of life on Mars |
C.NASA would send astronauts to journey to Mars |
D.NASA confirms the best-ever evidence for water on Mars |