In the story of the three little pigs, the one who built his house of straw did not do well; the big bad wolf blew it down. But builder Michael Furbish, who made his own home from bales (捆) of straw, and an elementary school from the same material, says that in reality straw houses are not only strong, but also good for the environment. Straw—the stalks (杆,茎) of plants like wheat, oats, and barley—is considered a waste material and is commonly used on farms as animal bedding. But more and more people are discovering that straw baled into rectangular blocks is an excellent and inexpensive building material.
There are two ways to make a straw-bale structure. You can build load-bearing walls with them, which means the walls support the roof. Or you can build a post-and-beam wooden frame that supports the roof and fill in the walls with the bales. Either way, the walls are there to stay. And they provide great insulation (绝缘), helping keep straw houses in cold climates warm in winter and those built in hot places like the desert cool in summer. Straw is considered a “green” building material because it is a renewable resource: a whole new crop can be grown and harvested every year, easily “renewing” the supply. Also, planting and harvesting straw uses relatively little energy. “Most other building materials require a lot of energy to be produced,” explains Furbish. “With straw-bale construction, you are getting a building product without using much energy at all.”
Furbish used about 900 straw bales in his family’s two-story, three-bedroom house. His company also provided straw-bale walls for the Friends Community School of College Park in Maryland. That project used about 4, 000 bales. When asked if there are any problems with living in a straw house, like mice nibbling (咬,啃). On the walls, Furbish points out that the straw is completely covered with plaster and stucco (灰泥). Besides, he has a couple of cats on mouse watch, just in case. “It would be hard to find a wall system that will wear better than straw,” he says. The big bad wolf is just out of luck.
1. The author wrote the passage in order to_________.A.prove that the tale of the three pigs and the wolf is wrong |
B.teach readers how to build straw houses |
C.introduce an environmentally-friendly building material |
D.advertise Furbish’s special houses |
A.It costs little to make such special houses. |
B.The outsides of the houses are green. |
C.They are mostly built in the desert. |
D.Plaster and stucco help make the houses strong. |
A.straw houses are in fact nice and strong |
B.the big bad wolf can’t blow straw houses down |
C.the big bad wolf is very unlucky |
D.people in straw houses needn't worry about wolves |
A.living in a straw house, one has to keep several cats |
B.the walls of a straw house help keep heat inside in cold climates |
C.it is best to build a straw house at harvest time |
D.we need 900 straw bales to build one straw house |
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【推荐1】America’s National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have just inflated a new, experimental capsule for astronauts to use in space. The inflatable room is now an extension to the International Space Station (ISS). It is more or less four meters long and 3 meters wide. It took three days to fully inflate.
Now ISS members have to wait a week before entering it NASA engineers must first make sure of something particular because even its extremely small split could be a matter of life or death for the astronauts. The blow-up ball is part of a test on the practicality of inflatable accommodation on the moon and Mars, and of orbiting space hotels. NASA paid $ 17.8 million dollars for the test. It hopes this' initial test will lead to bigger and better inflatable rooms at the ISS.
The inflatable is the world's first blow up capsule for astronauts, and other space travelers. It is called the Bigelow Expandable Activity Module, or “BEAM" for short. It is named after Bigelow Aerospace (BA), the company that worked it out and built it. The company is already planning its next step, aiming for the moon station. Together with United Launch Alliance (ULA), it plans to send a B330 inflatable capsule to the moon in 2022 after completing independent space station tests.
Company's founder Robert Bigelow is now working on a project to build two private space stations that could serve as hotels in space. He said, “I regard inflatable capsules as a big part of space travel, and sooner or later, space tourism too. Until now, the strong capsules is small enough (about the size of a small bedroom, inflated) to transport as airless units, but big enough lo live in, once filled with air, which, I hope, most ordinary people are able to afford in the future."
1. Before the astronauts enter the blow-up room, engineers must first check whether it is_______A.flexible properly | B.wide enough | C.inflated fully | D.sealed totally |
A.NASA. | B.ISS. | C.BA. | D.ULA. |
A.Safe. | B.Big. | C.Cheap. | D.Lasting. |
A.A Blow-up Capsule on the Moon Station | B.ISS’ Air-filled Extension Being Tested |
C.Future Space Travel and Tourism | D.World's First Space Hotel by Bigelow |
【推荐2】CERTAIN CREATURES-namely, bees-have evolved to be skillful flying builders. To assemble (组装) a nest, worker insects team up to do various work to the specification of a complex design that ends up being many times their size. This process takes months, many times longer than the average lifespan of all but the queen. Meanwhile the insects must adjust as they go.
It is these insect building teams that inspired Mirko Kovac, a roboticist at Imperial College London, to develop a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing. A typical 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle (喷嘴), and can only make objects smaller than itself. Dr Kovac’s team has removed these limitation by using flying robots.
Dr Kovac describes a system of flying robots that is composed of two types of multi-rotor drones: builders and scanners. The builders carry the 3D-printing nozzle. The scanners are robots equipped with cameras that are responsible for monitoring the progress of the builders.
The building process alternates between builders and scanners, layer by layer, printing and adjusting, until a structure is complete. First, a builder remains suspended over its area of operation and begins to release a jet or rush of the building material along its flight path. The choice of material is important——it must be lightweight enough for the drones to carry but strong enough to hold the subsequent layers that will be built on top. Once the builder robot has sprayed a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over, inspects the progress. The system then computes the next layer that the builder should make, while also correcting for any errors that might have been discovered in what has already been built.
Because the flying robots can, in theory, operate anywhere, they could fix things in dangerous or otherwise inaccessible places. Dr Kovac says that his robots could be used to spot and seal leaks in oil or gas pipelines, repair leaky insulation or fix cracks on tall buildings. Thinking more long term, Dr Kovac even sees a potential future for his construction robots, building on the surfaces of the Moon or Mars.
1. Why does the author mention bees in the text?A.To become a theme. |
B.To introduce a topic. |
C.To give an explanation. |
D.To analyze the cause. |
A.They can expand the range of printing. |
B.They can make adjustment while printing. |
C.They are more flexible than traditional ones. |
D.They can make objects smaller than themselves. |
A.The Builders can correct the errors while calculating. |
B.The building material should be strong enough for scanner. |
C.Builders and scanners can print and monitor at the same time. |
D.The building process has strict requirement of the building material. |
A.Teams of flying robots can make 3D objects. |
B.Teams of flying robots have a limited future. |
C.The flexibility of typical 3D printer has been improved. |
D.Teams of flying robots have been used in dangerous situation. |
【推荐3】There are various treatments for baldness (秃顶) on the market. But what if you could regrow your own hair out of your own head by simply using an ointment (药膏)?
In a paper, South Korean scientists describe a treatment for hair loss that doesn't just prevent hair loss — it promotes the growth of new follicles (毛囊) in hairless mice.
Led by professor Kangyeol of Yonsei University, a team of researchers discovered a protein responsible for hair loss in pattern baldness — the most common type of hair loss in both men and women. It has been a three-year painful research. The good news is that the team have finally found a protein that controls the hair growth and developed a new substance(物质) that promotes hair regrowth by controlling the function of the protein. “We expect that the newly developed substance will contribute to the development of a drug that not only treats hair loss but also promotes hair regrowth,” Kangyeol said.
The trouble-maker seems to be CXXC5, which acts as a negative regulator (调节器) linked to hair regrowth and wound recovery. When CXXC5 mixes with some other protein, it prevents follicle development and hair regrowth. A new substance developed by the team prevents this mixing. It’s called PTD-DBM, and when tried on the skin of bald mice for 28 days, new follicles developed.
New treatments often take time to develop. It’s not only because they need to go through clinical trials to determine their safety, but also as we know, using mouse models to study how well things might respond in humans doesn’t always work. However, the team’s research is making progress rapidly. They’re currently testing their new substance on animals to determine whether it’s harmful, before advancing to human trials.
1. Why does the author raise a question in Paragraph 1?A.To raise doubts. | B.To introduce the topic. |
C.To give examples. | D.To challenge the market. |
A.The beginning of the research. | B.The ways of the research. |
C.The difficulty with the research. | D.The results of the research. |
A.A protein responsible for hair loss. |
B.A substance developed by the team. |
C.A protein contributed to hair regrowth. |
D.A substance preventing the mixing. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Interested. | C.Positive. | D.Negative. |
【推荐1】Plastics remain one of the most-used materials for making many things. Things made of plastics can be very strong and last a long time. Plastics are also much lighter than metal and can easily be formed into different shapes. Plastics can take hundreds of years to break down on their own. And very few kinds are highly recyclable.
A team of researchers working at the US Department of Energy says it has created a kind of plastic that could lead to products that are 100 percent recyclable. It recently reported the discovery in a study in the journal Nature Chemistry.
The researchers say the new material is a plastic polymer (聚合物) called polydiketoenamine, or PDK. The team reports the material can be broken down in parts at the molecular (分子的) level. It can then be built up again to form plastics of different shapes, textures and colors.
The researchers say this process can be repeated over and over again-without the plastic material losing any performance or quality.
“Most plastics were never made to be recycled,” lead researcher Peter Christensen said in a statement. “But we have discovered a new way to assemble plastics that takes recycling into consideration from a molecular perspective.”
Many plastics have different chemicals added to them to make them more useful and powerful. The problem is that these chemicals attach to the monomers (单体), which remain in plastics even after the material gets processed at a recycling plant. The research team reported that, with the newly discovered PDK material, the monomers could be recovered and separated from any chemical additives.
Next, the researchers plan to develop PDK plastics with a wide range of thermal and mechanical properties. These plastics could be used for many kinds of cloth, as well as things such as 3D printed materials and foams. In addition, the team is trying to include plant-based matcrials in the process.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.Plastics are never highly recyclable. |
B.Plastics have both good sides and bad sides. |
C.Plastics are widely used in our lives. |
D.Plastics take hundreds of years to be broken down. |
A.The research team. | B.The molecular level. |
C.The new material. | D.The producing process. |
A.To make them stronger and more widely used. | B.To make them easy to break down. |
C.To make them easy to get processed. | D.To make it possible for them to be recycled. |
A.PDK plastics will be soon put to good use. |
B.The researchers are busy developing PDK plastics. |
C.PDK plastics may have a bright future. |
D.Plant-based materials have been used in the new plastics. |
【推荐2】New bio-plastics are being made in laboratories from straw, wood chips and food waste, with researchers aiming to replace oil as the source of the world’s plastic.
The new approaches include genetically modifying bacteria to eat wood and produce useful chemicals. But the bio-plastics are currently significantly more expensive to make than fossil fuel-based plastics.
Land and seas around the world, from high mountains to deep oceans, have become polluted with plastic, prompting major public concern. The world has produced 8bn tons of plastic since the 1950s and demand is still rising.
While some waste plastic is recycled, much of it is burnt to produce electricity, resulting in carbon emissions that drive climate change. In contrast to plastic made from oil, plastics made from plant-based materials only release the carbon the plants absorbed from the air as they grew. Bio-plastics will also give more options for products that biodegrade (生物降解) in the environment, although they can be made very long-lasting if required.
“Plastics are an incredible enhancement to our daily lives,” said Paul Mines, CEO of Biome Technologies in the UK, which has spent t5m in the last five years on bio-plastics research. “But we can’t go on using fossil fuel-based materials. About 6-7% of every barrel (桶) of oil is used to make plastics.”
“Using plant materials is feasible,” said professor Simon, at the University of York. “Replacing half of the nation’s plastic bottles could be done using just 3% of the sugar beet crop, 5% of wheat straw or 2.5% of food waste,” he said.
Currently, just a few thousand tons of bio-plastic are used in the UK each year, compared to millions of tons of conventional plastic. Mines said this could rise to about 20,000 tons in the next five years.
1. Why are high mountains and deep oceans mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.To display the range of plastic pollution. | B.To show the widespread use of plastic. |
C.To present a reason of wide use of plastic. | D.To stress the increasing demand for plastic. |
A.Producing electricity. | B.Being eco-friendly. |
C.Driving climate change. | D.Biodegrading other plastic. |
A.Possible. | B.Troublesome. | C.Original. | D.Costly. |
A.Plastics arc necessary in daily life. | B.Oil is the source of the world’s plastic. |
C.Bioplastic making is a promising industry. | D.Scientists are researching bioplastic making. |
【推荐3】European Union member countries made the final plan that would require all new cars sold in the EU to be zero emission(排放) vehicles starting in the year 2035. It’s part of the EU’s plan to deal with climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, a plan bigger than similar efforts in the US. A quarter of the EU’S emissions come from transportation, and 70% of that is road traffic.
“The direction of travel is clear: in 2035, new cars and vans(货车) must have zero emissions,” European Commission Executive Vice President Timmermans said in a statement. “The new rules on CO2-emissions from cars are a key part of the European Green Deal and will be a big contribution to our target of zero-emission by 2050,” Timmermans added.
The plan also requires that, by the year 2030, the average emissions of new cars drop by 55% and the average emissions of new vans drop by 50%, compared with vehicle emissions in 2021.
But there’s one major caveat to the plan. The EU said it would allow the continued sale of cars that run on e-fuels(合成燃料) past 2035 at Germany’s request. E-fuels are made using CO2 emissions caught in the air.
The US President has said he supports the increase of electric vehicles, and in 2021 he signed an order setting a goal that half of all new passenger cars and light trucks sold in the US in 2030 be zero-emission vehicles.
The shift from combustion engines(内燃机) to electric vehicles won’t be as easy as turning a key, experts say. Some of the challenges of changing to zero-emission vehicles include the high cost of electric cars, and a lack of charging equipment.
1. What does the EU aim to achieve by 2035?A.No emissions are made from road traffic. |
B.Its efforts have the same results as the US. |
C.No new cars make any greenhouse gas emission. |
D.One-fourth of its emissions are from transport. |
A.Difficulty. | B.Benefit. | C.Relief. | D.Excitement. |
A.It does little harm to the environment. |
B.There are some problems to be solved. |
C.I will hep reduce the cos of car-making. |
D.The government should act up to support. |
A.The US Falls Behind in Electric Cars |
B.The EU Has Mace Its Final Car Plans |
C.Different Voices Exist in the EU Plan |
D.All New Cars Will Go Green in the EU |
【推荐1】China-chic is a term that describes the trend of China-centric design. It demonstrates the rise of Chinese brands. Before we discuss whether or not the term is accurate, and reasons thereof, it is important to first figure out who are the main consumers of these Chinese brands.
Generation Z, the young consumers born between the mid-1990s and the early 2010s, have been raised on the Internet and social media. They are gradually moving toward maturity. They have naturally become the main force that drives China’s consumer market.
Most young people earn their own incomes. Even if they don’t, their parents and family members will support them financially. So their purchasing power is stronger than prior generations of youth.
Besides, today’s young people have had access to various domestic and foreign brands since they were born. For them, global brands such as KFC. McDonald’s, L’Oreal and Nike are just everyday consumer goods. Unlike the previous generations in China, they do not look up to global brands with admiration.
As members of Generation Z are taking the center stage in the consumer market, full of confidence, personalities and awareness of investing in themselves, they almost determine its present and the future. This factor plays a key role in the global economy. That is to say, whichever brand, domestic or global, that pays attention to Generation Z first and satisfies the group’s needs will get a head start.
It is the Chinese companies more than others that truly respect the uniqueness of Generation Z’s demands. A typical example is Chinese sportswear brand Li-Ning. Although the domestic sportswear market is still dominated by global brands like Nike and Adidas, Li-Ning has succeeded in using “China-chic” as a way to show self-confidence of the Chinese young people. By wearing Li-Ning’s products, a consumer is telling others: “I’m different from you. I have my own personality traits.”
Inspired by Li-Ning, other Chinese brands including Anta and Feiyue also launched products to satisfy the demands of the new generation of consumers.
1. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ______.A.introduce the topic | B.present an argument |
C.reach a conclusion | D.propose a definition |
A.Generation Z make money all by themselves. |
B.Generation Z have more buying power than their parents. |
C.Generation Z treat brands at home and abroad equally. |
D.Generation Z consume global brands every day. |
A.dominate Chinese sportswear market | B.meet the needs of Generation Z |
C.learn from Generation Z | D.determine their own future |
A.It’s a typical Chinese company. |
B.It is confident of success. |
C.Chinese brands are starting to respect the unusual needs of Generation Z’s. |
D.Chinese brands have ruled the domestic sportswear market. |
A.Why do Chinese brands impress Generation Z? | B.The uniqueness of Generation Z. |
C.The choice of Generation Z. | D.Sportswear brands and their future. |
【推荐2】Contrary to advertisements seen on television, read in magazines, or heard on the radio, spending a lot of money on a gift for a friend or loved one is totally unnecessary. Many people collect photos or mementos (纪念品) from special events, trips, or celebrations throughout their lives, throwing them in a drawer or cardboard box somewhere, intending to sort them out later. It seems, though that “later” never comes. So, the next time you’re ready to buy a silk scarf or pair of leather gloves for that special someone, consider sorting through that junk drawer filled with mementos and special photos.
For example, you can decorate an inexpensive picture frame with colorful buttons for your mother who is interested in sewing, or use tiny machine parts for your workshop-crazed brother. Inserting a special photo of you and that certain someone will create a gift that will be treasured forever. Shadow boxes are a wonderful way to display several objects from a single special event, such as a wedding. Take the original wedding invitation, a dried flower from the table centerpiece, or anything else that you can gather from the wedding, and display them in the box.
When you have many photos and mementos, make a photo album or scrapbook (剪贴簿) for a friend or family member. Today, the options for decorating your book are nearly endless. Entering a scrapbooking store can make your head spin. If this happens to you on your first scrapbooking visit, consider taking an introductory class, which many stores offer. Of course, you will have a much better idea of which scrapbook supplies to buy when the class ends.
Pictures or books that can be enjoyed over and over again are one-of-a-kind, original gifts. There is nothing like receiving a gift that comes straight from the heart. Such gifts help people recall happy times and strengthen the bond between the giver and the receiver.
1. What is the author’s attitude to gift advertisements?A.Tolerant. | B.Doubtful. | C.Uncaring. | D.Disapproving. |
A.spend time collecting photos | B.overlook their photos or mementos |
C.miss special events, trips or celebrations | D.forget to clean their drawer or cardboard box |
A.are more expensive than picture frames | B.are usually made of cheap materials |
C.can be used to show mementos | D.can be a precious wedding gift |
A.take beautiful pictures | B.decorate your scrapbook |
C.start a scrapbooking store | D.write a book on scrapbooking |
A.A gift from the heart | B.A special photo album |
C.The first scrapbooking visit | D.The treasured shadow boxes |
【推荐3】Every driver loves sailing through a series of green lights without having to stop and wait at a traffic light. Now, thanks to artificial intelligence, German researchers have found a way to reduce time spent at crossings.
Called the KI4LSA project and funded by the Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure, the innovation is being tested. Scientists first studied algorithms (算法) taken from a busy crossing to learn about traffic patterns and where improvements were most needed. There is a great necessity to speed up waiting times at crossings as traditional methods are inflexible, according to the Fraunhofer Institute.
The new AI method uses radar sensors and high-resolution cameras to interpret traffic patterns in real-time. They can determine the speed of traffic as well as waiting times and combine this with algorithms. Scientists are currently trying this out at a busy crossing in Lemgo, Germany, with encouraging results.
The intelligent lights are said to improve traffic flow by 10 to 15 percent, which results in money saved; the EU estimates that traffic jams create economic damage that adds up to 100 billion euros a year. Apart from reducing commuting time, these traffic lights will reduce noise and CO2 emissions from cars idling (空转) at crossings.
Another exciting development in this research is the K14PED project, which studies pedestrians passing crossings. Using AI, researchers can identify how many people are waiting at a pedestrian crossing and whether some of these people will need extra time to cross the street. Using a 3D points cloud, they can tell if someone has disabilities or is elderly without identifying the individual. Because pedestrian buttons that are presently at crossings cannot determine if some people have special needs or are elderly, this is a real win. Such a needs-based system could reduce pedestrian waiting time by 30 percent, which could then decrease jaywalking (乱穿马路) by 25 percent.
Testing will be done until the late summer of 2022 in the German towns of Lemgo and Bielefeld, with researchers optimistic that it will be adopted by many countries. This technology is exciting news for pedestrians and drivers alike. It encourages safety, protects the environment, and may even give you more time to enjoy your morning coffee before heading off to work!
1. What is the function of AI in the KI4LSA project?A.To avoid noise pollution. | B.To control the speed of traffic. |
C.To remind people of traffic rules at crossings. | D.To provide real-time information about traffic. |
A.Ways of improving traffic flow. | B.The development of artificial intelligence. |
C.The effect of traffic jams on the environment. | D.Advantages caused by the intelligent lights. |
A.It can be helpful to pedestrians with special needs. |
B.It can identify the individual accurately. |
C.It can avoid traffic accidents with a 3D points cloud. |
D.It has been applied to streets in many countries. |
A.The Bright Future of AI Technology | B.The Intelligent Traffic Lights: A Blessing for Transportation |
C.Digital Traffic System: A Sign of Smart Cites | D.The New Traffic Service for Old Citizens |