In February 2021, the government of Vietnam released a draft of the country’s latest national power development plan (PDP 8) for 2021 to 2030. The draft PDP 8 expands wind and solar capacity and improves grid (输电网) infrastructure to ensure that the stable operation with a higher share of renewable energy.
Vietnam increasingly relies on coal imports because coal-fired power plants have been used to meet the rapidly increasing electricity demand. More than half of Vietnam’s electricity generation came from coal in 2020. The country also relies heavily on hydroeletric generation (水利发电) and is home to a number of large rivers. However, hydro’s reliability is affected by droughts and water shortages. Non-hydro renewable sources, such as wind and solar, made up 5% of Vietnam’s electricity generation in 2020.
Expanding non-hydro renewable capacity will likely help Vietnam rely less on coal,reduce carbon emissions (排放), and increases electricity generating capacity. With its strong emphasis on renewables, the draft PDP 8 is quite different from previous plans, which rely heavily on coal,hydropower and natural gas sources.
However, Vietnam’s underdeveloped grid hampers (阻碍) these capacity additions. Some of the country’s transmission lines are operating at a full load or are overloaded, especially in the region where solar capacity in concentrated. Electricity producers have reduced generation from renewables because of grid limitations. The country needs new transmission and distribution infrastructure to accommodate capacity additions and transmit electricity to where it is needed.
One major grid development underway is a 461-mile transmission line extension with three 500-kilovolt transmission lines. These transmission lines will connect nine cities and provinces across central and southern Vietnam.
1. Which did Vietnam rely on most for power generation in 2020?A.Wind. | B.Water. | C.Coal. | D.Sunlight. |
A.It is more environmentally friendly. |
B.It depends more on hydroelectric power. |
C.It is less expensive and far more efficient. |
D.It meets the country’s growing electricity needs. |
A.By reducing solar capacity. | B.By repairing transmission lines. |
C.By rewarding electricity producers. | D.By strengthening power infrastructure. |
A.Vietnam’s energy structure in the future. |
B.Vietnam’s latest power plan to expand renewables. |
C.Difficulties in expanding clean energy in Vietnam. |
D.Measures to develop renewable energy in Vietnam. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Researchers say they have used brain waves of a paralyzed man who cannot speak to produce words from his thoughts onto a computer. A team led by Dr. Edward Chang at the University of California, San Francisco, carried out the experiment.
“Most of us take for granted how easily we communicate through speech,” Chang told The Associated Press. “It’s exciting to think we’re at the very beginning of a new chapter, a new field to ease the difficulties of patients who lost that ability.” The researchers admit that such communication methods for paralysis victims will require years of additional research. But, they say the new study marks an important step forward.
Today, paralysis victims who cannot speak or write have very limited ways of communicating. For example, a victim can use a pointer attached to a hat that lets him move his head to touch words or letters on a screen. Other devices can pick up a person’s eye movements. But such methods are slow and a very limited replacement for speech.
Using brain signals to work around disabilities is currently a hot field of study. Chang’s team built their experiment on earlier work. The process uses brain waves that normally control the voice system. The researchers implanted electrodes on the surface of the man’s brain, over the area that controls speech. A computer observed the patterns when he attempted to say common words such as “water” or “good.” Over time, the computer became able to differentiate between 50 words that could form more than 1,000 sentences. Repeatedly given questions such as “How are you today?” or “Are you thirsty,” the device enabled the man to answer “I am very good” or “No, I am not thirsty.” The words were not voiced, but were turned into text on the computer.
In an opinion article published with the study, Harvard brain doctors Leigh Hochberg and Sydney Cash called the work a “pioneering study.” The two doctors said the technology might one day help people with injuries, strokes or diseases like Lou Gehrig’s. People with such diseases have brains that “prepare messages for delivery, but those messages are trapped,” they wrote.
1. How is the new method different from the current ones?A.It involves a patient’s brain waves. |
B.It can pick up a patient’s eye movements. |
C.It is a very limited replacement for speech. |
D.It can help a patient regain his speech ability. |
A.Organize. | B.Learn. | C.Distinguish. | D.Speak. |
A.Positive. | B.Negative. | C.Doubtful. | D.Critical. |
A.Researchers Found Good Methods to Help Paralyzed Patients |
B.Device Uses Brain Waves of Paralyzed Man to Help Him Communicate |
C.Years of Additional Work Needed to Improve the Communication Methods |
D.Device Uses Brain Waves of Paralyzed Man to Cure His Speaking Disability |
【推荐2】If you are in Dubai you may notice a robot police officer sharing the street with you. Your first thought might be, “Have I walked into a movie set?”
The answer is no. That robot is Dubai's newest police officer. The robot has a touch screen instead of a gun. The robot will be employed mostly at shopping centers and other places popular with visitors.
The robot's face has eyes but no mouth or nose. It stands 165 centimeters tall and weighs 100 kilograms. If the robot works well, Dubai says 25 percent of its police force could be robots by 2030. The robot cop(巡警) was officially presented at Dubai's Gulf Information and Security Expo and Conference in May.
The police hope the robot will make life easier for the people of Dubai. Khalid Al Razooqi is Director General of Smart Services at the Dubai Police. He said the robot can help the public every day, and that “it won't ask for any sick leave”.
The robot cannot make arrests (逮捕). But it can recognize faces and compare them to photographs on a criminal database. It can also sense emotions. People can use the robot's touch screen to do things like reporting a crime, paying fines and reporting lost or found things. They can also ask how to get somewhere. The robot can greet and shake hands with people. So far, the robot can speak Arabic and English. It soon will learn other languages such as Russian, Chinese, French and Spanish. In addition to having a touch screen, the robot has a camera that can live stream video to a police command center.
Dubai has plans to add other kinds of robots to its police force. Within two years, the city plans to use a threemetertall robot that can run up to 80 kilometers an hour. The Dubai government says the machine would be the world's largest robot. A human police officer will be able to sit inside and control the robot. It will be able to lift heavy objects.
The city also plans to use an eggshaped robot to control parking areas and give tickets to people who break traffic laws.
1. Why do the police use the robot?A.To attract more tourists to Dubai. | B.To make people's life much easier. |
C.To reduce the cost of the human workforce. | D.To introduce new technology to people. |
A.report a crime | B.pay fines |
C.ask for directions | D.chat with people freely |
A.Robots have a bright future in Dubai. |
B.Robots will replace the police in the near future. |
C.People prefer robots to the human police service. |
D.Robots will be used in every public area in Dubai. |
【推荐3】American Grace Brown is keeping busy during her first year of high school. She studies all the required subjects, such as English, history and mathematics, as well as taking classes in Latin. She also sings in a music group and plays the piano. The school day lasts from about eight o'clock in the morning to three in the afternoon. But because of her many activities, she has no time for a class in physical education, or PE.
So Grace is getting school credit for virtual PE. She wears a fitness tracker called Fitbit that the high school provided. She wears the Fitbit on her arm while doing exercises lasting 30 minutes or longer three times a week. Her computer has a software program that records her activity which she can present for credit.
A PE teacher may not be guiding the Fitbit-wearing students in person. But teachers do lead students’ work by setting goals such as fat burn, using the technology as their eyes and ears. “We certainly exercise more in online PE,” Brown said. “There’s a lot of standing around in regular PE. Online, I do much harder workouts.”
Grace’s mother, Rhonda Brown, remembers how hard PE class and softball games were for her because of blindness in one eye. She would like to see Fairfax County give students permission to avoid PE if they play school sports.
“We’re so stuck in the traditional classroom setting. These kids are burning 2,000 calories (卡路里) during a practice and more at every game.” Rhonda said. “I wish the schools would catch up with the times.”
It is not clear how many schools are supporting the trend. Technology and the collection of any student data always raise the problem of student privacy concerns. “There is a difference between physical activity and physical education,” said Chris Hersl. Physical activity is great for the body. We want everybody to move, but physical education is a class where students are taught how to move their body and the social context in which to do that.”
1. Why does Grace take virtual PE?A.She is busy with school activities. |
B.She prefers something new. |
C.She has interest in wearable technology. |
D.She loves being tracked while doing PE. |
A.Provide some guidance in the flesh. |
B.Help students get good personal exercise. |
C.Teach students how to wear a fitness tracker. |
D.Monitor students with technology all day. |
A.She couldn’t catch up with the times. |
B.She was often stuck in traditional exercise. |
C.She couldn’t burn 2,000 calories per game. |
D.She was blind in one of her eyes. |
A.Wearable technology threatens students’ privacy. |
B.Physical activities need students’ teamwork. |
C.PE is also about students’ social connection. |
D.Online PE collects a lot of students’ data. |
【推荐1】Go Recycling
No one looking at the state of Earth in 2023 can be in any doubt that we are facing three serious environmental problems: climate problem, loss of biodiversity and pollution of air, soil and water.
To solve the problems, we increase the use of electric cars, encourage greener eating and reduce plastic use.
A shocking figure lies at the heart of our special report on our world—of the more than 100billion tons of things that humans use each year, hardly 10% is recycled.
Solving the three problems calls for a huge transition with joint efforts.
A.Governments ought to do something responsibly. |
B.It is humans that caused the serious consequences. |
C.We should realize that a key theme linking all the three problems is waste. |
D.However, sometimes these solutions can be opposite to the expected goals. |
E.It is high time for people from all walks of life to take the issue into consideration. |
F.That makes it obvious a full-range war on waste should be paid immediate attention. |
G.That means some solutions aiming at one problem each time are unlikely to be effective. |
【推荐2】More than half of the birds in Washington are at risk of extinction because of climate change. That's according to a new national report from the Audubon Society, which gives detailed analysis of climate effects on about 600 species of North American birds.
It's based on more than 140 million observations of birds across the US, Mexico and Canada. Audubon scientists looked at the likely effects of sea-level rise, urbanization, drought, extreme spring heat, increased fires, heavy rain and other factors.
But it doesn't just spell out a doomsday scenario (世界末日).Instead, it offers a range of effects and warming, depending on how much carbon humans add to the atmosphere.
"It is truly an existential threat (威胁), not only to birds but to people,” said Doug Santoni, board chair of Audubon Washington, who looked into the report as soon as it came out.
Santoni says he was struck to see the vulnerability (脆弱)of a common “ backyard bird" , the dark-eyed junco. It's one that many first-time birders become familiar with as they learn how to identify species based on their markings and other traits. Currently in Washington, you can count on juncos to show up at your feeder, year round. Extreme spring heat, increased fires and heavy rain are the kinds of changes that will force birds like these north, or kill them off if they fail to adapt.
Trina Bayard, director of bird conservation at Audubon’s Washington chapter, says, "It's certainly a very serious warning report," but adds that there’s still hope. “If we can stabilize current temperatures and decrease our emissions (排放), we can really reduce the effects to these birds …that's very motivating. ”
1. What can we know about the new report?A.It analyses the species of birds in detail. |
B.It's issued by watching 600 bird species. |
C.It shows the end of North American birds. |
D.It reports the threat some birds are facing. |
A.Climate change is a threat only to birds. |
B.It's too late to take action to save the birds. |
C.The current situation of the birds is worrying. |
D.It's common that birds are affected by climate change. |
A.Lowering present temperatures. |
B.Reducing our daily emissions. |
C.Making them adapt to climate change. |
D.Encouraging people to protect them. |
A.Climate change threatens many Washington bird species. |
B.A new report about 600 species of North American birds. |
C.Different attitudes towards the situation of bird species. |
D.Climate change makes different kinds of species at risk. |
【推荐3】“One person’s trash is another person’s treasure.” That’s a common expression, but the next time you throw something away, think about a twist on the old saying. What if your trash could become your own treasure? Many creative, thrifty, and environmentally minded people have come up with a way to make that happen. It’s called upcycling. Our world would be a better place if everyone would begin upcycling.
Upcycling is the practice of taking an unwanted item and turning it into something useful. For example, how about that pair of jeans with a hole in one knee? It could become a new pillow for your bedroom.
Upcycling is not the same as recycling. Upcycling is actually much better for the environment. Recycling takes an item made of glass, paper, metal, or plastic, breaks it down to its base material, and then uses that material to make another product. This requires a great deal of energy. On the other hand, when you choose to upcycle, the only energy you use is your own. And upcycling not only reduces the amount of trash that goes into our landfills, but it also protects natural resources, such as oil and gas. Recycling is good for the environment, but upcycling is even better.
Upcycling also makes a family’s budget stretch further. Of course, the idea of reusing items to save money is not new. During the Great Depression in the 1930s, many families lived on a tight budget. People had to use what they already had in order to meet their needs.
As responsible citizens, we should all be concerned with protecting our environment and budgeting our resources. Upcycling is a fun and creative way to help. The next time you go to toss something into the trash can, stop and think about what it could become. Chances are, there’s a brand-new item in your hand just waiting to be upcycled.
1. Why does the author mention an old saying in the first paragraph?A.To arise reader’s awareness of upcycling. |
B.To stress the importance of upcycling. |
C.To lead in the topic of upcycling. |
D.To show the idea of upcycling. |
A.An old ladder is transformed into a bookshelf. |
B.Old tin cans are transported to landfill. |
C.A broken wooden door is chopped up. |
D.Old cloth is made into a paper bed. |
A.Upcycling is much more creative. |
B.Recycling is much easier to achieve. |
C.Recycling is much more cost-saving. |
D.Upcycling is much more energy-efficient. |
A.Upcycling is popular at present. |
B.Upcycling is replacing recycling. |
C.Upcycling is worth recommending. |
D.Upcycling is a tradition in daily life. |
【推荐1】Digital technology—email and smart phones especially—have vastly improved workers' ability to be productive outside of a traditional office. Even so, most white-collar work still happens in an office. One reason is that, according to findings of a new survey of office workers conducted by Wakefield Research for the IT company Citrix, most bosses are doubtful about remote working. Half of the workers say their boss doesn't accept it, and only 35 percent say it's tolerated.
Skeptical bosses will likely have their doubts reinforced by the same survey, which shows that 43 percent of workers say they've watched TV or a movie while “working” remotely, while 35 percent have done housework, and 28 percent have cooked dinner.
It is true, however, that working at home makes people much more efficient, because it allows workers to take care of annoying housework while still getting their jobs done. It's much faster, for example, to shop for groceries at a quarter to three than to stand in line during the after-work rush.
The fact that such practices remain officially unaccepted reflects how far we haven't come as a society from the days when we expected every full-time worker to be supported by a full-time homemaker.
More broadly the Wakefield survey suggests that employers may be missing a low-cost way to give workers something of value. Sixty-four percent of those survey participants who haven't worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home. Under such circumstances, smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility to manage their time efficiently.
1. What does digital technology contribute to?A.Promoting production. | B.Hiring more white-collar workers. |
C.Conducting a new research. | D.Removing bosses' doubt. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Favorable. |
C.Reserved. | D.Disapproving. |
A.Shorten their office hours. | B.Give employees a pay raise. |
C.Adopt flexible work patterns. | D.Reduce their staff’s workload. |
【推荐2】Music is not just a set of sounds and rhythms. Its influence on the brain is much deeper than any other human experience. Keep on reading to know all those amazing powers of music.
A recent study suggests that preterm(早产的) babies appear to experience less pain and feed more when listening to music. Experts led by Dr. Manoj Kumar of the University of Alberta, Canada, found that music had a beneficial effect on reducing pain for preterm babies experiencing painful medical tests. It also appeared to benefit full-term babies during operations.
Many people experiencing brain damage have speech and movement-related problems. Music can help recover from brain injuries. As a different and effective treatment, doctors often advise such patients to listen to good music to improve the parts of the brain responsible for these two functions. When people with neurological(神经系统的) disorders hear a musical beat, it helps them to regain a balanced walk.
Though music cannot make deafness disappear, it really can stave off the loss of hearing. There was an experiment involving 163 people where 74 were musicians. Participants were asked to pass some listening tests. Musicians heard the sounds better than non-musicians, and this difference gets clearer with age. This means that a 70-year-old musician hears better than a 50-year-old non-musician, even in a noisy environment.
Besides, music mends a broken heart. It is not about a thrown-away love, but about a heart attack. The matter is that music can help people recover from a heart attack or heart operation by reducing blood pressure, slowing down the heartbeat rate, and reducing anxiety. Listening to the quality music produces positive emotions, improves the movement of blood, and expands blood vessels, thus, promoting quick recovery of the whole cardiovascular(心血管的) system.
1. How does music affect preterm babies?A.It helps reduce their pain. |
B.It helps develop their potential in music. |
C.It helps improve their hearing systems. |
D.It helps repair their neurological systems. |
A.lead to | B.build up | C.put off | D.push ahead |
A.It has a positive effect on human body systems’ work. |
B.It can help people prevent diseases caused by anxiety. |
C.It helps make a person feel optimistic about life. |
D.It can help patients recover in a slow way. |
A.Who can benefit from music |
B.The best time to listen to music |
C.The way to choose quality music |
D.How music affects our mind and body |
【推荐3】What Do Babies Know?
As Daniel is settled into a highchair and wheeled behind a black screen, a sudden look of worry appeared. His dark blue eyes dart left and right in search of the familiar reassurance of his mother’s face. She calls his name and makes soothing noises, but Daniel senses something unusual is happening. He sucks his fingers for comfort, but finding no solace, his mouth crumples, his body stiffens. This is the usual expression when babies are left alone or abandoned.
Watching infants piece life together, seeing their senses, emotions and motor skills take shape, is a source of mystery and endless fascination at least to parents and developmental psychologists. We can decode their signals of distress or read a million messages into their first smile. But how much do we really know about what’s going on behind those wide, innocent eyes?
Daniel is now engaged in watching video clips of a red toy train on a circular track. The train disappears into a tunnel and emerges on the other side. A hidden device above the screen is tracking Daniel’s eyes as they follow the train and measuring the diameter of his pupils 50 times a second. As the child gets “habituated”, as psychologists call the process— his attention level steadily drops. But it picks up a little whenever some novelty is introduced. The train might be green, or it might be blue. And sometimes an impossible thing happens—the train goes into the tunnel one colour and comes out another.
Variations of experiments like this one, examining infant attention, have been a standard tool of developmental psychology ever since the Swiss pioneer of the field, Jean Piaget, started experimenting on his children in the 1920s. Piaget’s work led him to conclude that infants younger than 9 months have no innate knowledge of how the world works or any sense of “object permanence”(that people and things still exist even when they’re not seen). Instead, babies must gradually construct this knowledge from experience. Piaget’s “constructivist” theories were massively influential on post war educators and psychologists, but over the past 20 years or so they have been largely set aside by a new generation of “nativist” psychologists. They asserted that infants arrive already equipped with some knowledge of the physical world. Nowadays, these smart-baby theories through a rigorous set of tests tend to be more Piagetian. That is, babies know nothing.
1. What can we know about Daniel?A.Daniel’s attention level dropped when he saw a blue train. |
B.Daniel didn’t notice the toy train when it came out of the tunnel. |
C.Daniel’s attention fell when he was accustomed to the changes. |
D.Daniel’s brain activity could be monitored by a special equipment. |
A.Parents are over-estimating what babies know. |
B.Piaget’s theory was rejected by parents in the 1920s. |
C.Baby’s behaviour after being abandoned is not surprising to some extent. |
D.Numerous experiments conducted on infants aims to prove scientists’ hypothesis. |
A.excited | B.bored | C.disappointed | D.distracted |
A.The theories about what babies know changed over time. |
B.Why the experiment that had been done before was rejected. |
C.Infants have the innate knowledge to know the external environment. |
D.Piaget’s “constructivist” theories were massively influential on parents. |