【推荐1】Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with given words, fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given; for the other blanks, use one word for each blank that best fits the context.

For almost 500 years, people have wondered what deadly disease wiped out most of the Aztecs (阿芝特克人). The locals called it cocolizthi, and now a team of scientists think they know exactly what that was. The outbreak is considered to be one of     1    (deadly) epidemics (传染病) in human history. For centuries, its cause     2     (debate) by historians. New evidence suggests that the Aztecs died from a type of bacteria called salmonella enterica.

An international team of scientists came to this conclusion     3     analysing the skeletons (骨骼) of 29 Aztecs buried in a cocoliztli cemetery in the Oaxaca region of Mexico. The scientists obtained samples from the teeth of ten of the skeletons. They compared these with their database of bacteria and found traces of salmonella enterica.

Salmonella enterica can cause enteric fever,     4     typhoid (伤寒) is a type. Today, there are around 21 million cases of typhoid worldwide and it is considered     5     global threat.

The Aztecs were fierce hunter-gatherers who settled in     6     is now Mexico at the beginning of the 13th century. From their incredible capital city Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), the Aztecs fought wars with other tribes     7    they ruled much of the region.

The Aztecs ended up controlling large parts of Mesoamerica -now much of Mexico and Central America - until Spanish explorers     8     (arrive) in 1519 and brought with them advanced weapons and deadly diseases. The team believe that the     9     (domesticate) animals, such as goats and horses, which the explorers brought with them carried the deadly bacteria.

By 1545, not even 30 years after the Spanish had arrived, Mexico’s Aztec nation started coming down with a terrible illness. Symptoms included high fever, headaches and bleeding from the eyes, nose and mouth. Within five years, up to 15 million people-- more than 80% of the population at the time-had died from the mystery illness they called cocoliztli. The Aztec people had no immunity (免疫)     10    (fight) the disease.

【推荐3】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Higher density (密度) neighborhoods can lead to benefits for the environment and public health, argues Dr. Tom Logan,     1     lecturer of University of Canterbury

Dr. Logan says the government should be aiming     2     (achieve) the “15- minute city” goal. This involves creating neighborhoods where residents can get to shops, restaurants, recreation areas and services within a15- minute walk, bike ride,     3     by travelling on public transport. When more people can bike, walk or take public transport to their destinations,     4     (pollute) from cars is reduced and there are benefits for people’s physical and mental health.

Accessible cities are also safer and more     5     (attract) because there are more people around, Dr. Logan says. Residents are more likely to go out with friends when restaurants and bars are closer to where they live,     6     (bring) economic benefits for businesses.

However, Dr. Logan says many people are opposed to higher density housing.

“Density, when it’s done right,     7     we see in parts of Europe, the United States and Asia, is where it can lead to safer and     8     (healthy) residents and neighborhoods that     9     (be) full of life.”

“Creating that is one of our big     10     (challenge). Not everyone has to live in this way but it’s about giving people the option, so they can live somewhere where they don’t have to drive all the time.”

【推荐1】语法填空

When     1     (ask) by a TV reporter to talk about air and water quality in his hometown, Qi Mu noted, “The air is great now, and we can take more walks and enjoy being outdoors again.” He felt quite pleased because the villagers were living     2     (harmonious) with nature once more. However, he could not forget about an earlier time     3     his village had been struggling with a serious air quality problem.

In the 1990s, garbage from nearby city was usually brought to the village. “How can we make use of this?” The villagers wondered. Soon they found that garbage could be used     4     (feed) pigs. “Over the next few years,     5     (dozen) of pig farms were set up,” Qi recalled. But then nobody in the village wanted to open their windows. “The smell from the garbage and pig waste was making us sick,” Qi said. The numbers of mosquitoes and flies were also     6     (horrify). “Under such circumstances, no single women wanted to marry anyone in our village and move here,” Qi     7     (sigh).

The villagers could no longer tolerate the situation. So     8     initiative was launched and “clean-up” campaign was added to the government agenda, including restricting large vehicles     9     passing through the village. Garbage from the city was no longer disposed of in the village and more trees were planted. “We can all breathe more freely now that the natural beauty of our village     10     (restore) since then,” said Qi.

【推荐2】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Two villages have been named the Best Tourism Villages 2022 by the World Tourism Organization, thanks to their achievements in     1     (balance) tourism with economic development while sticking to     2     (environment) protection.

According to the organization, 32 villages in 18 countries and regions including Austria, Chile and China     3     (award) the recognition late on Tuesday. China’s Dazhai village in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region     4     Jingzhu village in Chongqing won the recognition.

Figures show that tourism development in Dazhai     5     (bring) great economic benefits to villagers since the village started to develop tourism around 2003.

According to the bureau,     6     the village only received 32,000 visits in 2004, the number rose to nearly 798,000 in 2019 before COVID-19 emerged. The villagers’ average income also saw     7     rise from 700 yuan per year ($100) to over 34,500 yuan in 2019.

Jingzhu village, the other village     8     (recognize) by the World Tourism Organization this year, is located in Chongqing.

The World Tourism Organization began to award Best Tourism Villages across the world in 2021     9     (promote) the cultural heritage protection and sustainable development of villages. China so far has four villages winning the title,     10     the other two being Yucun village in Zhejiang and Xidi village in Anhui.

【推荐3】语法填空

It took years     1    (complete) the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. The construction workers     2    (overcome) the most difficult engineering challenges，one of which was how to protect the delicate ecosystem.To allow the wild animals to move safely and freely in their     3    (nature) habitat，they built thirty-three passages under the railway. To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands，675 bridges with a total length of about 160 kilometres     4    (build) between Golmud and Lhasa. They even moved 140，000 square metres of wetland to     5     new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem.     6    (locate) at over 5，000 metres above sea level，Tanggula Station is the highest railway station in the world. In locations such as this，the thin air，changeable weather and high levels of UV radiation presented perhaps the     7     (great) challenge for railway workers. To make sure they stayed healthy，several oxygen-making stations were constructed. To protect Cuona Lake     8     construction waste，the railway workers used thousands     9     thousands of sandbags to build a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake. In a word，the railway workers built our “impossible” railway with the care that the environment deserves. It     10    (true) is an extraordinary “Sky Railway”.