Do you get nervous thinking about a coming math test? If yes, you are far from alone. Math anxiety has become a common condition among students around the world. Students in countries with higher levels of math anxiety tend to achieve lower math grades, according to a study published by the National Academy of Sciences on Feb 15.
Math anxiety — a negative emotional reaction to the core subject — causes fear, physical suffering and behavior problems among young pupils, according to a University of Cambridge study. Some people also experience physical symptoms such as sweaty palms or a racing heart. They may then try to avoid every situation involving numbers, meaning they are held back from pursuing careers related to this subject, such as technology or engineering, according to The Guardian.
Relief comes from the fact that those with math anxiety aren’t destined (注定的) to be bad at math. “If a child has math anxiety, don’t assume that they’re not good at math. They may have had a really bad experience with math and there are ways to improve math achievement,” Daniel Ansari, the senior author of the study told The London Free Press.
Also, there are ways to manage your stress related to math. If you’re feeling stressed before a math exam, it may help to spend a few minutes exploring those feelings before the exam begins. “It’s about making sure you’re interpreting your feelings correctly,” Sian Beilock, a cognitive (认知的) scientist told the BBC. “Just because you have a fast heartbeat and sweaty palms, that does not necessarily mean you will fail.”
Math doesn’t come easy, no matter how clever you are. Leonardo da Vinci, the famous Italian artist, was a huge fan of mathematics. But his notebooks show that Da Vinci couldn’t do fractions (分数). He could never grasp, for instance, that dividing a number by one-quarter is the same as multiplying by four, resulting in a higher number than the original.
1. What do we know about math anxiety?A.People who are good at math don’t experience math anxiety. |
B.It is most commonly seen among teenagers. |
C.It can cause unpleasant symptoms both mentally and physically. |
D.Math anxiety leads to people struggling in their career. |
A.Math anxiety may contribute to better grades. |
B.Students with math anxiety may have higher cognitive abilities. |
C.Math anxiety does not reflect the ability to solve math problems. |
D.Bad experience with math can cause cognitive disadvantages. |
A.Practice more before you take math exams. |
B.Learn to understand your feelings. |
C.Ask cognitive experts for help. |
D.Take all nervous energy as a challenge. |
A.To show that math definitely isn’t easy. |
B.To explain why math is a particularly difficult subject. |
C.To show da Vinci’s math anxiety is very serious. |
D.To suggest a way to solve math anxiety. |
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【推荐1】Homestay provides English language students the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.
What to Expect
The host will provide accommodation and meals. Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week. You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.
Accommodation Zones
Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2, 3 and 4 of the transport system. Most hosts do not live in the town center as much of central London is commercial and not residential. Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowded area. It is very convenient to travel in London by underground.
Meal Plans Available
*Continental Breakfast
*Breakfast and Dinner
*Breakfast Packed Lunch and Dinner
It’s important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast. Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice, cereal, bread and tea or coffee. Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England. Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert, fruit and coffee.
Friends
If you wish to invite a friend over to visit, you must first ask your host’s permission. You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion(侵犯) of their privacy.
Self Catering Accommodation in Private Homes
Accommodation on a room-only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities (设施) and often a main living room. This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long-stay student. However, it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practice English at home quite as much.
1. The passage is probably written for __________.A.travelers planning to visit families in London |
B.foreigners hoping to build British culture |
C.hosts willing to receive foreign students |
D.English learners applying to live in English homes |
A.Accommodation in the city center is not provided. |
B.The business center of London is probably in Zone 1. |
C.Zone 4 is more crowded than Zone 2. |
D.Hosts dislike travelling to the city center. |
A.To entertain friends as they like. |
B.To enrich their knowledge of English. |
C.To experience a warmer family atmosphere. |
D.To enjoy much more freedom. |
Throughout our lives we are going to face many challenges and pains, but we should never let these obstacles keep us from following our dreams. We must overcome every obstacle one small step at a time.
As a young girl, my parents forced me to do so many things that I didn’t like. They made me learn to play the violin and then the piano. At that time I hated music and I also hated them. But looking back now, I am so glad that my parents encouraged me to take music lessons. Music has enriched(丰富) my life in so many ways. I now realize that my parents and teachers wanted me to have a better life than they did themselves.
We are all going to experience growing pains, but they are just part of our life. They might seem so huge at the time, but we must be strong. Think about how we would feel if we had no challenges and lived a life like that. Life would be really boring and meaningless. The future is ours! A little hard work and sweat never hurt anyone! If we realize that these pains are just small bumps(碰撞) on our road to success, we will realize that our growing pains are actually growing gains!
1. The underlined word “obstacles” (in Paragraph 2) roughly means things that ______.
A.are related to your studies |
B.you easily achieve |
C.make you happy |
D.make it difficult for you to do something |
A.She is fearful | B.She is grateful |
C.She feels trapped | D.She feels hateful |
A.life without challenges is dull |
B.life needs no pains but sunshine and happiness |
C.we should give up faced with challenges as the future is ours |
D.we shouldn’t easily pay a little hard work in growing up |
A.life is full of hardships |
B.growing pains can turn into growing gains in a positive way |
C.everyone is painful in growing up |
D.everyone should do what they don’t like when young |
【推荐3】Some students get so nervous before a test. They do poorly even if they know the material. Sian Beilock, a professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, has studied these highly anxious test-takers. The students start worrying about the results. And when we worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources(资源).
Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.
The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short maths tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test.
Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored(得分) an average of 12% worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved(提高) their performance by an average of 5%. Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated(不相关的) to the test. Professor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B-for those who did not.
"What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, and who'd done our writing intervention(干预), all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and grades. They were performing just as well as their classmates who don't normally get nervous in these tests."
But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance.
1. What do the students start worrying about before an exam?A.Whether they can pass the exams. |
B.What other students do during the test. |
C.Whether they have remembered the materials. |
D.What kind of problems they will meet on the test paper. |
A.Making the students focused on the test. |
B.Asking the students to sit quietly before the test. |
C.Having the students write about their worries about the test. |
D.Asking the students to direct the attention away from the test. |
A.became less nervous before the test |
B.were better at controlling their feelings |
C.did worse than those who wrote about their feelings |
D.did better than those who wrote about their feelings |
A.writing about our worries before an exam can work a bit |
B.we can only write about our worries right before an exam |
C.the best place to write about our worries is in the test room |
D.it doesn't matter where we write about our worries before an exam |
【推荐1】They just can’t help it! My theory is that the female brain is mainly built for empathy— the ability to understand other people — and that the male brain is mainly built for building systems.
You may think that these preferences are influenced by the way people are taught to behave when they are growing up. However, this is not the case. A new study carried out at the University of Cambridge shows that newborn girls look longer at a face, and newborn boys look longer at a mobile.
Some people may worry that I am suggesting one gender (性别) is better than the other, but this is not the case. My theory says that males and females differ in the kinds of things that they find easy, but that both genders have their strengths and weaknesses.
A.Generally speaking, there are clear differences. |
B.You can see the same kind of pattern in the adult workplace. |
C.Their preferences for building systems may change over time. |
D.They will consider many sources of information at the same time. |
E.That suggests certain differences between male and female brains are biological. |
F.It is important to stress that the female brain may be built more for empathy. |
G.Others may think the theory creates a belief of what a particular type of person is like. |
【推荐2】As winter approaches, warm-blooded animals choose to handle the cold in a social way: crowding together in bunches. From mice to Himalayan rabbits, individuals in a group will gather together to share the heat from their bodies and avoid the risk of dying from cold.
While humans may not physically crowd together, our ancestors would have been relying on the support of others for food, fuel and shelter, and this would have been especially important when it was cold. Thus, they might be very sensitive to others when the temperature dropped. They were likely to seek out other sources of warmth, if they felt that they could no longer rely on the group for support.
Psychologist Geoffrey was the first to investigate that. He turned to a video game called Cyberball, which attempts to recreate the kind of social rejection that many of us might have experience din the playground. Each participant is seemingly placed in a group of three and asked to play virtual catch with two other people, hidden out of sight. In fact, two of the players are controlled by a computer. In the beginning, these computerized players are designed to throw the ball to the participant, but after a while they begin to avoid the participant as programmed, so that the participant no longer feels involved in the game. Having been excluded by the other players, the participant reports feeling rejected. And the participants have the tendency to look for sources of warmth as comfort.
Like all psychological discoveries,it may be of significance to human’s mental health. It’s said that patients with depression often report feeling cold. A deeper understanding of the psychological mechanism might suggest new treatments for this disorder. More immediately, with fuel bills increasing, the emotional effects of the cold this winter need to be considered. Clearly, practical solutions to the fuel crisis must come first,but we might also look for ways to connect more with those around us like animals crowding together both physically and socially.
1. Why does the author mention “mice” and “rabbits” in Paragraph 1?A.To make a prediction. |
B.To draw a comparison. |
C.To explain a regulation. |
D.To illustrate a phenomenon. |
A.They depended on each other for survival. |
B.They tended to live close to one another. |
C.They were relatively more sensitive to cold. |
D.They had abundant sources of warmth in winter. |
A.They may buy an ice-cream. |
B.They may drink a cup of hot coffee. |
C.They may eat some potato chips. |
D.They may consume cool orange juice. |
A.It helps solve the fuel crisis. |
B.It provides reasons for depression. |
C.It contributes to the emotional health. |
D.It suggests less connection between people. |
【推荐3】The Age of Information is bulging: if you tried to download all the data available today, you’d need more than 180 million years to do so. But you are wrong to assume that all information would stimulate a boost of innovation to match the output of data. Indeed, the last time we found ourselves in a period of significant innovation was over 120 years ago, called the Age of Insight.
Innovations, big or small, start with a new idea. Often, these ideas occur as a moment of insight — the result of a novel connection in our brains made between existing and new information. Studies show insights involve quiet signals deep in the brain. Anything that helps us notice quiet signals can increase the chance of insights. However, it’s becoming more challenging to find those signals today, every moment filled with an endless supply of content.
Besides, we also want to increase the quality of them to sort through big new ideas and find the really valuable ones that can be hard to measure. Launched in 2015, the Eureka Scale (尤里卡量表) allows us to assess the strength of our insight experiences on a five-point scale, namely, intense emotions, motivation, memory advantage, aftershocks, and following ideas. The Scale combines these five variables into a single value to define the importance of a new idea and has broad applications for measuring and improving individual and organizational performance. Even it can be used to measure the impact of different kinds of work environments and learning approaches on participants’ growth. The level-5 insight, involving the richest emotion, motivation, and lasting impact, holds the greatest significance.
In order for organizations to benefit from another age of insight, it’s not enough to try to access more data or increase the number of insights we generate. Instead, it’s about making space for the biggest ideas to emerge from all the information. Using the Scale as a way to measure how important ideas are will enable better decision-making toward practical and competitive outcomes. If we’re to enter a new age of insight, we must make timely and necessary changes to design our environments for the best insight possible to surface.
1. What does the underlined word “bulging” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Approaching. | B.Exploding. | C.Shifting. | D.Updating. |
A.By engaging in ongoing social media interactions. |
B.By relying on technology to receive regular notices. |
C.By stepping away from computers between meetings. |
D.By participating in additional training and coaching sessions. |
A.The Eureka Scale controls the influence of our insights. |
B.One with a level-5 insight has minimal emotional responses. |
C.Both the quantity and quality of insights are essential to innovation. |
D.A breakthrough has been made in innovation due to a wealth of information. |
A.Uncertain. | B.Optimistic. | C.Unconcerned. | D.Dissatisfied. |
【推荐1】Last weekend was terrible for awards ceremonies. The BAFTAS,defined by a painful monologue(独角戏)from Joanna Lumley, was watched by 500,000 fewer people than last year. Meanwhile,the number of 18﹣to 49-year-olds watching the Grammys has reached an all-time low.
Don't expect the Oscars to fare any better;they have lost millions of viewers since 2014. Add to the fact that comparatively few people have watched most of the nominated films and you have got a ratings time bomb.
Viewers are deserting awards shows in groups and something needs to be done. But what?Reorganize them to celebrate really popular work?That's what the Oscars put forward last year when it suggested a best popular film category﹣and it was swiftly booed(喝倒彩)out of town.
Another option would be to shorten the length of the ceremonies, but this won't work either. The Oscars recently announced plans to hide several categories in ad breaks,and the anger in some quarters(the cinematographers, makeup artists and editors who this year won't get their moment on the small screen)has been obvious.
What else can they do? Fewer songs? Shorter speeches? An In Memoriam section that consists of the words: "People die: get over it"?
Fortunately, I have the perfect solution: don't televise awards shows. Just don't do it. Awards shows are the opposite of good television. They're too long and too boring because of regular and repeated patterns and too self﹣important. And by God, we should have learned by now not to give celebrities any more attention than they already have. It just makes them think that we want to hear them giving out half﹣baked opinions about Donald Trump and Brexit.
I'm not suggesting that the awards shows shouldn't happen. I'm just saying that the awards should be announced in the form of a press release at the end of the ceremony, followed by a handful of You Tube clips showing some nice outfits and a couple of speeches. That's how most of us consume them now anyway.
1. Why does the writer mention the BAFTAS and the Grammys?A.To introduce the topic of the article. |
B.To support the topic of the paragraph. |
C.To attract the readers' attention. |
D.To make comparison with the Oscars. |
A.The best popular film category. |
B.The best actress. |
C.The reorganized Oscars. |
D.The deserted awards show. |
A.Awards shows are better if shortened. |
B.Awards shows are excellent television. |
C.Awards shows are important to us. |
D.Awards shows should be shown in another form. |
A.The bright future of awards shows. |
B.What terrible awards shows. |
C.Stopping the television of awards shows. |
D.Boycott attention to celebrities. |
【推荐2】A remarkable new study on how whales behaved when attacked by humans in the 19th century has implications for the way they react to changes caused by humans in the 2Ist century.
The paper is authored by Whitehead and Rendellt at Dalhousie University and their research addresses an age- -old question: if whales are so smart, why did they hang around to be killed? The answer? They didn't. Using newly digitised (数字化的) logbooks detailing the hunting of whales in the north Pacific, the authors discovered that within just a few years, the strike rate of the whalers’ harpoons(捕鲸者的鱼叉) fell by 58%. This simple fact leads to an astonishing conclusion: that information about what was happening to them was being collectively shared among the whales, who made vital changes to their behaviour. They learned quickly from their mistakes.
“Sperm whales have a traditional way of reacting to attacks from orca (杀人鲸),” notes Whitehead. Before humans, orca were their only predators (捕食者), against whom sperm whales form defensive circles, their powerful taills held outwards to keep predators at bay, “But such techniques just made it easier for the whalers to kill them,” says Whitehead.
Sperm whales are highly socialised animals, able to communicate over great distances. Information about the new dangers may have been passed on in the same way they share knowledge about feeding grounds. They also possess the largest brain on the planet. It is not hard to imagine that they understood what was happening to them.
The hunters themselves realised the whales’efforts to escape. They saw that the animals appeared to communicate the threat within their attacked groups. Abandoning their usual defensive formations, the whales swam upwind to escape the hunters, ships, themselves wind-powered.
Now, just as whales are beginning to recover from the industrial destruction by 20th-century whaling fleets, whose steamships and grenade harpoons no whale could escape from, they face new threats created by our technology. “They’re having to learn not to get hit by ships, cope with the depredations (劫掠) of long line fishing, the changing source of their food due to climate change,”Whitehead says. “The same sort of urgent social learning the animals experienced in the whale wars of two centuries ago is reflected in the way they negotiate today's uncertain world.”
1. What is the new study mainly about?A.Whales’ social lives. | B.Whales’emotional intelligence. |
C.Whales’ reaction to climate changes. | D.Whales’ behavior under human attack. |
A.The wind in their favor. | B.Their powerful physical strength. |
C.The shared ship attack information. | D.Their usual defensive formations. |
A.State possible reasons. | B.Add background information. |
C.Summarize the previous paragraphs. | D.Introduce a new topic for discussion. |
A.Pessimistic. | B.Unclear. | C.Cautious. | D.Optimistic. |
【推荐3】China’s first group of e-sports major graduates will emerge in the summer of 2021,with data showing that even though this major has been underestimated by the public, the future appears promising as there are hundreds of thousands of related jobs available.
After the Ministry of Education decided that “electronic sports and management” should be listed in colleges’ major departments in September 2016, around 30 Chinese universities kicked off their e-sports major courses in the same year, to meet the needs of the rise of e-sports related industries in the Chinese market.
“The major is designed to meet the demand,”said Zheng Duo,co-founder of Tianjin Hero Sports Management and a visiting professor from the Communication University of China(CUC).
Chinese passion for e-sports is not in doubt, with more than 18,000 e-sports companies registered as of 2021, according to corporate database Qichacha.The number of e-sports users in China reached 500 million in 2021, and the market had a value of more than 145 billion yuan as of 2020, according to Chinese consulting group iResearch. Meanwhile,the industry chain is becoming more complete.
Jobs in areas such as supervision and content production require talent and training. The number of available jobs is estimated at 500,000,and could reach 3.5 million in the next five years, according to China’s Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.
Well-known universities such as CUC and the Shanghai Theatre Academy have responded to the country’s call and are preparing graduates for the e-sports market.Yet not every major graduate is qualified for the positions available, as the jobs normally require practical experience,which is something a lot of graduates lack.
Industry insiders have indicated that e-sports is an industry with rapid iteration(迭代), and some companies prefer to hire people with experience instead of spending time training recruits.
Roughly half of the graduates will enter the gaming industry, said Xiao Pi, an e-sports major graduate from CUC. “Some of the rest will pursue further studies for their master’s degree.”
“Even though e-sports majors have advantages in finding jobs, students need practical experience to better suit the different positions,” said Gu Liming, president of Perfect World Games.
1. What do the public think of e-sports majors according to the text?A.They don’t exist in job markets. |
B.They deserve a promising future. |
C.They don’t have a wide appeal. |
D.They replace many other majors. |
A.They had great passion for electronic sports. |
B.They wanted to respond to the public’s call. |
C.They had the potential for e-sports courses. |
D.They wanted to meet the social demands. |
A.E-sports have a large database. |
B.E-sports see a larger-scale market. |
C.E-sports get advice from iResearch. |
D.E-sports arise from a complete chain. |
A.The fierce competition. | B.Familiarity with markets. |
C.Practical experience. | D.A master’s degree. |