“Dreams may be more important than sleep. We all need dreams,” some scientists say. Dreams take up about one quarter of our sleeping time. People have a few dreams each night. Dreams are like short films. They are usually in color. Some dreams are like old films. They come to us over and over again. That may be because the dreamer is thinking about something. Dreaming may be a way of trying to find an answer.
Some people get new ideas about their work from dreams. They may think about their work all day. These ideas can carry over into dreams. Sometimes we wake up with a good feeling from a dream. But often we can not remember the dream. Dreams can go away quickly.
Too much dreaming cannot be good. The more we sleep, the longer we dream. The mind is hard at work when we dream. That is why we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired.
1. To sleep may be less important than to________.| A．Think | B．dream | C．work | D．study |
| A．very long | B．in color | C．about work | D．very sad |
| A．Because they are tired in the daytime. |
| B．Because they are not interested in their work. |
| C．Because they may think about their work all day. |
| D．Because they have too much work to do. |
| A．Dreams may be helpful to people sometimes. |
| B．Too much dreaming may be bad for people. |
| C．People always remember their dreams quickly. |
| D．People sometimes wake up tired if they have a lot of dreams while sleeping. |
| A．what dreams are | B．people like sleep |
| C．dreams are like films. | D．we always remember dreams |
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【推荐1】The waves were clean and curling one day about ten years ago when surfer Will Rose stepped into the water at Ocean Beach in San Diego, California. Rose was an experienced surfer then in his mid-20s. Midway through his session, he spotted a young surfer, perhaps 10 years old, who’d lost his board and was struggling in a powerful rip current (离岸流). Rose paddled over as the boy was carried underneath a long pier (码头) and s wept rapidly out to sea.
“It was one of the craziest rip currents I’ve ever seen,” Rose recalls.
He traded places with the boy, handing over his board and pushing the younger surfer towards the shore in a breaking wave. Rose held onto a pier pile tightly in the fast-flowing water as a lifeguard hurried over on his own board before helping him back to the beach.
Rose’s act of heroism, new research suggests, is a surprisingly common one for surfers. In a recent survey conducted in New Zealand, scientists found that throughout their lives, surfers reportedly rescue an average of three people who are drowning (溺死) or otherwise struggling in the water. The findings cast new light on the role of surfers: as largely overlooked guardians of the beach.
The study was conducted by Jamie Mead, then a graduate student at Auckland University of Technology in New Zealand. It began with an online survey of 418 surfers from across New Zealand. Processing the responses, Mead found that these surfers were claiming to have participated in a total of 1,274 rescues, including 296 times when they felt they’d saved a person’s life. Of these rescues, 73 percent took place on beaches without lifeguards present. It showed the crucial role surfers have played in protecting beach goers.
The survey responses also show that in nearly nine out of ten rescues, the people the surfers helped required no further treatment after the incident, and probably left no official record or report of the event.
“We need to get surfers the praise they deserve.” Mead says. The research, Mead writes in his paper, suggests that organizations involved in drowning prevention, “Should work closely with surfing communities on ways to reduce deaths at coastal beaches?”
1. What did Will Rose do when he saw the struggling young boy?| A．He ignored the boy. | B．He called for help from a nearby lifeguard. |
| C．He helped the boy escape the danger. | D．He helped the boy find his lost surfboard. |
| A．To highlight the dangers of rip currents. |
| B．To show the bravery and skills of experienced surfers. |
| C．To stress the potential dangers faced by young surfers. |
| D．To exhibit a typical rescue example by experienced surfers. |
| A．The findings of Jamie Mead’s study. | B．The purpose of Jamie Mead’s study. |
| C．Jamie Mead’s comments on surfers. | D．Jamie Mead’s advice on drowning prevention. |
| A．Surfers deserve public praise. |
| B．Increased lifeguard coverage is needed. |
| C．Beaches are safe with both surfers and lifeguards present. |
| D．Drowning prevention efforts need to involve surfing communities. |
【推荐2】A study by Harvard researchers found that mind wandering, or daydreaming, consumes an average of 47% of peoples’ waking hours. This brings about the question：If mind wandering is so costly to our well-being, then why in the world are we so willing to spend nearly half of our lives in this mental state?
Creative thinkers know, despite what their parents, teachers and school leaders might have told them, that daydreaming is hardly a waste of time. But unfortunately, many students learn to suppress their natural instincts to dream and imagine-instead, they’re taught to fit into a standardized model and to learn by the book, in a way that may not feel natural and that very well may suppress their natural desire to create. But as two famous psychologists recently noted, “Not all minds who wander are lost”-in fact, the mind’s wandering is vital to imagination and creative thought.
Nearly 50 years ago, psychologist Jerome L. Singer established that daydreaming is a normal and indeed widespread aspect of human experience. He found that many people are “happy daydreamers” who enjoy their inner imagery and fantasy. According to Singer, these daydreamers “simply value and enjoy their private experiences, are willing to risk wasting a certain amount of time on them, but also can apparently use them for effective planning and for self-amusement during periods of routine task activity or boredom.”
Singer coined the term positive-constructive daydreaming to describe this type of mind wandering, which he distinguished from poor attention and anxious, obsessive fantasies. By making these important distinctions, Singer was able to highlight the positive, adaptive role that daydreaming can play in our daily lives, under the right circumstances.
1. Who are aware that daydreaming is not a waste of time?| A．Teachers. | B．Parents. | C．School leaders. | D．Creative thinkers. |
| A．learning by the book | B．imagination and creation |
| C．suppression of inner desires | D．instincts and amusements |
| A．Private experience. | B．Circumstances. | C．Fantasies. | D．Happy dreamers. |
| A．It is a useful mental state. | B．It is similar to poor attention. |
| C．It is an anxious. obsessive fantasy. | D．It is a standardized model. |
【推荐3】Big Stuff
Do you know what is the tallest building in the world and where the tallest Ferris wheel is? Have you heard of the world’s steepest roller coaster? Have you seen the biggest monster truck? Here are some of the most huge things on Earth.
A Towering Achievement
Burj Khalifa, a tower in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, is the world’s tallest structure. The 162-story building, which opened in 2010, stands over 2,717 feet tall. Seen from above, the tower has a Y-shaped design. Its three tall, narrow wings are joined in the middle. Like the legs of a tripod (三脚架), each wing is supported by the other two.
A Wheel Winner
About 15 miles from the world’s tallest building stands the world’s tallest Ferris wheel, Ain Dubai. Also called an observation wheel, Ain Dubai stands 820 feet tall. Each of the 48 cabins can carry 40 people for spectacular views of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Before construction, support columns had to be driven 115 feet down through the earth to reach bedrock.
Extreme Ups and Downs
The world’s tallest roller coaster is Kingda Ka at Six Flags Great Adventure. At 456 feet, the peak of the ride towers over nearby Jackson, New Jersey. A 500-foot-tall crane was needed to place the final section at the top. Like many weight-bearing structures, the tower makes use of the most stable geometric (几何的) shape, the triangle.
A Monster of a Truck
Designed and built by business owner Bob Chandler, Bigfoot 5 has held the record for the world’s biggest monster truck since 1986. Other trucks, including Bigfoot models, have been designed to perform better in competitions. But Bigfoot 5 still stands above the crowd, thanks to its 10-foot-tall tires. The tires were originally designed for equipment that drives on Alaska’s snowy tundra.
1. What do Burj Khalifa and Ain Dubai have in common?| A．They have similar structures. |
| B．They are located in the same city. |
| C．They are designed by the same architect. |
| D．They are intended for visitors to overlook the views. |
| A．Ain Dubai has a Y-shaped design. | B．Other trucks perform better than Bigfoot 5. |
| C．Kingda Ka takes advantage of the triangle. | D．Burj Khalifa can carry 40 people for spectacular views. |
| A．Business. | B．Lifestyle. | C．Entertainment. | D．Advertisement. |
【推荐1】Soil creates life from death. The production of food we eat mainly relies on soil. But this precious resource is eroded (侵蚀) at a global average of 13.5 tons per hectare per year. Instead of nourishing crops, fertile topsoil is washed and blown away, ending up in inconvenient places such as ditches and oceans.
Jo Handelsman and Kayla Cohen try to make readers care about soil in A World Without Soil. Their prologue (前言) takes the form of a letter to the government. With the letter, they hope to make soil management a federal priority. The following chapters cover the basic science of soil as well as the causes and consequences of its loss. In the last part of the book, the authors turn to possible solutions — many of them simple, and some centuries old. They describe about traditional soil management techniques, including planting diverse crops in rotation (轮种), increasing organic content, ploughing as little as possible, etc. With these techniques, farmers are able to produce rich agricultural production while maintaining deep banks of fertile soil.
Why, then, is fertile soil being allowed to be washed and blown away? The answer, not surprisingly, rests in global capitalism. Farmers’ profit is thin, forcing farmers to plant the highest-profit crop from field to field every season. To ensure food security, Handelsman and Cohen urge the world to demand a real top-down change in how agricultural production is managed. “The burden of protecting soil cannot be shifted to farmers and environmental activists,” they note. Governments must begin to move towards a model in which farmers are less independent business people growing and selling food, and more government-supported land workers managing both food production and soil protection. This should be the core of agriculture.
Our land and soil are too precious to be destroyed by the market price of crops. We must invest deeply and thoughtfully in our farmers so that they can invest deeply and thoughtfully in the land. This is the future of farming.
1. What is the function of the statistics in paragraph 1?| A．To show the great value of soil. |
| B．To raise public awareness about protecting resources. |
| C．To highlight the importance of food production in human life. |
| D．To present the serious problem of land shortage in recent years. |
| A．It targets federal officials as its main readers. |
| B．It puts forward some practical solutions to soil loss. |
| C．It advocates changing traditional farming techniques. |
| D．It blames governments for not taking care of farmlands. |
| A．Invest in the most profitable crops. |
| B．Grow and sell food all by themselves. |
| C．Offer farmers support in working the land. |
| D．Shift the burden of protecting soil to environmental activists. |
| A．A Call to Save Soil. | B．Tips to Reshape Agriculture. |
| C．Ways to Expand Food Production. | D．An Appeal to Secure Food Supply. |
【推荐2】After 20 years of development, Chinese online literature has become one of the main resources of popular culture consumption in China. While it began with prevalent themes such as romance, fantasy, time travel and history, in recent years, online literature has turned from common themes to realism, which marks a new page in the development of the medium.
A report by the China Audio-Video and Digital Publishing Association shows that, in 2020, the market value of Chinese online literature reached nearly 25 billion yuan with a domestic reader base of 460 million people, of which around 7.58 million are active, daily users. By 2020, more than 21 million online writers had created about 29 million works.
Huo Yan, an assistant researcher with the Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said “Readers like online literature because it satisfies what people currently most desire. On the surface, people want to be entertained and to relax, so that, in their free time, they don’t want serious thinking, but simply some pleasure from reading. Exactly, people desire to experience the past and the present. In real life, our identities and classes are definite, but online, we can have other identities. For example, if given another life, can a person who lives passively improve their lot in life? In literature, they can feel the pleasure from actively seizing opportunities, becoming stronger and better.”
“The writers of online literature are from all walks of life and each has a unique life experience and passion for literature. Their professional experience and love for writing greatly enrich their works. However, Huo continued: “online literature, despite its vitality, should learn from traditional literature to care more about reality, in addition to improving its language and plotting.”
1. What does the underlined word “prevalent” in the first paragraph mean?| A．Fresh. | B．Serious. | C．Creative. | D．Common. |
| A．It is becoming very popular in China. | B．It has defeated traditional literature. |
| C．The market value is gradually reduced. | D．It has attracted about 460 million foreigners. |
| A．It makes readers happy. | B．It satisfies readers’ desires. |
| C．It makes readers think deeply. | D．It improves readers5 writing skill. |
| A．Online literature should focus more on reality. |
| B．All writers of online literature are professional. |
| C．The ideas of traditional literary writers are out of date. |
| D．The language and plotting of online literature are perfect. |
【推荐3】In the town of Arras in northern France, the country’s first-ever appointed official with Down syndromes is leading from the front, changing hearts and minds and bringing a new way of thinking about mental disability.
In 2020, Eleonore Laloux was appointed municipal councilor of Arras under the mayor Frederic Leturque, for which she has received continual praise for her colorful nature, her desire to make people smile, and for promoting the inclusivity of disabled persons in society.
“Inclusion isn’t something that we just think about; it’s not a generous act. It’s our duty,” Mayor Leturque told the Christian Science Monitor, “Eleonore has helped the entire town progress in terms of how we see disability.”
Along with holding down a part-time job at a hospital, a packed volunteer schedule, and a board position on Down Up, a non-profit organization her father launched to support community members with Down syndromes and their families, Laloux has made numerous adjustments to everyday community features in Arras to support disabled people; not only those with Down syndromes, but other forms as well.
Arras’ famous town center, town hall, and belfry are a UNESCO Heritage Site, and for those who can’t go to the top, Laloux organized the creation of a virtual tour. Down below, crosswalk lights now sound off verbal instructions for those who can’t see. She has also scheduled an “incluthon” for next summer, an event to inspire disabled people and the community at large through sports and culture.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, this positive attitude has made her a very popular figure in her town and country, and she has made numerous television and other public appearances, including alongside many national politicians. But her appointment is by no means a gimmick to gain support from townspeople; she’s made some brilliant changes in civil life.
1. What can we learn from the mayor’s words in Paragraph 3?| A．It’s Eleonore’s duty to help the disabled. |
| B．Accepting the disabled is a generous act. |
| C．Eleonore has changed people’s views on the disabled. |
| D．The disabled deserve praise from all the townspeople. |
| A．How Eleonore carries out her part-time job. |
| B．How Eleonore helped improve lives of the disabled. |
| C．What Eleonore did to run the non-profit organization. |
| D．What good proposals Eleonore made during her term. |
| A．Trick. | B．Promise. | C．Challenges. | D．Conclusion. |
| A．Committed and pioneering. | B．Ambitious and patient. |
| C．Creative and independent. | D．Honest and humorous. |
