When it comes to the judgement of their bodies, women can’t win. People often make “fat jokes”, but fat-shaming is no laughing matter; neither is fit-shaming.
I spoke to two women who were ashamed for being fat, and then, after losing weight, ashamed for being fit.
Sarah Moore is a 29-year-old mother of three from US. She became a personal trainer after losing more than 45 kg. She remembers the fat-shaming she had before. When waiting to get on a roller coaster(过山车) once, people behind her were complaining about the wait, and someone said, “Don’t worry. She’s not going to fit on here, and you’ll soon be next.” But after losing weight, Moore said people still commented on her body even more. “Are you sure you can eat that? Aren’t you worried you’ll regain the weight?”
“Fat-shaming made me feel sad and helpless, and fit-shaming makes me angry,” she said. Changes in body weight can also influence relationships. It can upset the balance because others can get jealous(嫉妒). People who lose weight can experience personality changes, such as an increase in confidence, which also influences relationships.
Fit-shaming has been harder to deal with for Andrea Sereda, a 38-year-old social worker in Canada. She said that when she was 9, her grandfather told her at a birthday party, “I don’t think you should eat cake,” and made comments about how many calories(卡路里) she took in. She also experienced similar things in college. The judgment of Sereda’s body increased after she lost 57 kg. It’s worse with people who knew me before,” Sereda said. “People always say, ‘you’re too slim and now you’re going to disappear’.” It was mostly friends making such comments. Closer friends seemed to compare their own bodies negatively to Sereda’s new shape.
Let us try to understand that just because someone has lost weight, it is unfair for them to be commented on their new shape. Everyone has the rights to live free from body-shaming, no matter how they look.
1. Sarah Moore is ashamed for being fit after losing weight mainly because ________.| A．people still judge her new shape |
| B．people are all jealous of her new look |
| C．she lost too much weight after her diet |
| D．her personality has changed and made her different |
| A．show the negative effects of fit-shaming |
| B．suggest what can be done to deal with fit- shaming |
| C．explain what usually pushes women to lose weight |
| D．show the difficulties overweight women could face |
| A．To tell them to be careful with their diet. |
| B．To compare their body shape with others’. |
| C．To stop commenting on their body shape. |
| D．To encourage them to keep their new shape. |
| A．Positive. | B．Unclear. | C．Indifferent. | D．Negative. |
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【推荐1】Created as recently as 2011, and mainly played by those aged over 50, walking football is growing at great pace in Britain. The game, where players walk rather than run, is designed to help aged people get fit or maintain an active lifestyle no matter what their age and fitness. According to a 2019 survey, there were 1,200 registered clubs and an estimated 40,000 regular participants.
North Ferriby Walking Football Club in East Yorkshire is one such example. “We started in 2015,” explains Mark Leighton, the team’s manager. “The first week we started off, we probably only had four or five players. Now we have 42 registered players taking part over three separate sessions each week.” Mark’s immediate goal is to get the club to 50 registered players across four sessions a week.
Andy Fairburn is a regular at the sessions. Now in his early-seventies, Andy finds the game still has plenty to offer him. “I’ve been playing football since 16. Getting older, your knees start to hurt, and I’ll know when it’s time to stop. I am sill competitive, though, and old habits die hard.”
It goes beyond kicking a football around for players like Andy. “There’s a serious football side if you want to win and a friendship side. I’d rather stick to the latter. It’s brilliant to socialize with people through walking football.”
Walking football is clearly a success story with much to be proud of. However, it’s striking that 87 per cent of clubs reported that less than 10 per cent of players are female. And not all clubs are as fortunate as North Ferriby Walking Football Club, which operates on a pay-as-you-go model and has secure sponsorship to reduce the cost burden.
1. What do we know about walking football?| A．It is becoming popular in and outside Britain. |
| B．It has been played for dozens of years. |
| C．It is aimed at improving elderly people’s welfare. |
| D．It has the same rules as the normal football. |
| A．To introduce a successful walking football club. |
| B．To illustrate the growth of walking football. |
| C．To praise Mark Leighton’s work for the club. |
| D．To suggest the ideal number of players in a club. |
| A．The sport is good for his knees. | B．He doesn’t have to give up his habit. |
| C．Winning games makes him feel good. | D．He can make friends with new people. |
| A．There’s work to be done to promote the game. | B．Most women don’t like playing football. |
| C．Walking football clubs can be profitable. | D．The findings of the 2019 survey are wrong. |
【推荐2】Taking your pulse during physical activity allows you to measure how hard you are exercising. You should exercise to stay within your target heart range.
Increasing your heart rate is a key part of exercise, but it is important that your heart rate is not too high or too low. If you are a beginner, you should also be able to breathe comfortably while exercising. This will ensure that you are exercising at a level that is safe and effective for your body.
The chart below illustrates target heart rate ranges for exercise based on the maximal heart rate for selected ages. Here are the steps for using the chart:
| A．Exercise intensity can be reflected by a person’s heart rate. |
| B．The faster your heart rate is, the more effective the exercise is. |
| C．Vigorous exercise will definitely present a threat to people’s safety. |
| D．The target exercise heart rate range for a 45-year-old is 90–149 BPM. |
His fitness coach had better tell him _____________.
| A．“You are doing fine.” | B．“You can run faster.” |
| C．“You should slow down a bit.” | D．“You should drink some water.” |
| A．To advise people to form a habit of taking their pulses while exercising. |
| B．To inform people of the target heart rate zone for those aged 60 and under. |
| C．To tell people the importance of maintaining moderate amount of exercise. |
| D．To show people how to measure heart rate to keep proper exercise intensity. |
【推荐3】Even if you know that working out will make you feel great, it can still be hard to motivate yourself to get up and do it. However,
Make bargains with yourself if you’re having trouble getting started. Sometimes the hardest part of working out is taking the first step. If you’re finding it hard to get started, try bargaining with yourself.
Keep a fitness journal and write down your feelings after each workout. You can use this journal to keep up with your progress, too.
Set up rewards for when you complete a workout or hit a new goal. Think of something that will motivate you when the workout gets tough or you don’t want to get off the sofa.
| A．if it is the case |
| B．When you don’t feel like working out |
| C．Try to include both short-term and long-term goals on your list |
| D．They can be anything that you look forward to, for example, buying a new pair of shoes you’ve been eyeing |
| E．if you acquire some tricks that can help you |
| F．Write down a list of achievable goals and look at it often |
| G．Tell yourself you just have to put on your workout clothes, but you don’t have to do anything else |
【推荐1】Online secondhand store thredUP has shown its tenth yearly Resale Report, which shows that the secondhand clothing industry is growing rapidly in the United States, as well as around the world. The secondhand market in the US is expected to more than double by 2026.
When choosing what to buy, people are increasingly experienced in what can be resold. More than one-fifth of Generation Z shoppers say they’ll pay more for the clothes that they know they can resell, and more than half of them resold clothes last year.
This is a much healthier opinion than storing out-of-style or ill-fitting clothes in a closet (衣柜). As resale becomes easier thanks to mobile technology and online stores, increasing numbers of customers hope to turnover their closets. This helps the industry and keeps the market full of fresh finds, bringing people back for more.
Buying or selling things secondhand helps to reduce people’s worry about the environment. As thredUP reported in 2021, buying or selling things secondhand reduces a product’s carbon Footprint (碳排放量) by 82%. It requires far less water to produce. Besides, it’s a good way to save money.
Aja Barber said in her book: “Clothing is produced at a fast speed, so it is important that resale become a key part of people’s lifestyles. Accepting reuse is not always easy when we are faced with many choices — many of which encourage the buying of cheap, single-use clothes-but the rise of online resale is enabling people to make different choices and do so with pride and joy.”
It’s great to hear that resale is being accepted by more people, which can help us save money while protecting our planet.
1. What can we say about secondhand clothing according to the report?| A．It is a fast-growing industry. | B．It makes the market full of anxiety. |
| C．It is accepted by most people. | D．It is more comfortable than new clothing. |
| A．Unclear. | B．Worried. | C．Doubtful. | D．Supportive. |
| A．The dangers of carbon footprint. | B．The ways of reducing people’s worry. |
| C．The advantages of buying used clothes. | D．The causes of environmental problems. |
| A．The clothing industry causes a lot of waste. |
| B．Online resale is changing people’s shopping habits |
| C．People are confused when faced with many choices. |
| D．Dressing styles are closely connected with social life |
【推荐2】The hit movie Notting Hill begins with a famous scene. Hugh Grant bumps into Julia Roberts and spills orange juice all over her. After the collision, Grant repeatedly says, “I’m so sorry. I’m so sorry.”
His actions in this scene are very British. If Roberts’ character were from the Britain, then she would probably apologize repeatedly as well — even if the crash was not her fault. But this doesn’t happen in the movie, as Roberts is from the US.
A report in The Telegraph once said that three quarters of British people apologize when they bump into someone in the street — regardless of whether they are responsible or not. In fact, Britons use “sorry” in many situations. For example, if they mishear someone, they say “Sorry?” The person they are talking to will also apologize by replying,“No,I am sorry!” This can go on for up to five minutes as if they were competing over who is the most sorry.
Why are Britons so sorry? Mark Tyrell, a psychology writer in the UK, thinks that their apologetic tendencies are rooted in British class system. “We say sorry because historically the new middle class in Britain had to apologize for not being the working class, but also for really being the upper class.” Another theory is that they apologize to avoid conflicts. For example, if they bump into someone, he might get angry. To avoid this, they instantly say “Sorry!”
True manners are about being considerate,and today’s constant use of apologizing shows that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were.The word “sorry” has lost some of its meaning.
Do you see my point? Sorry, it might just be a British thing.
1. Why does the author mention a scene in the movie Notting Hill at the beginning?| A．To give an example of British modesty. |
| B．To introduce different ways of saying sorry. |
| C．To show what kind of men are considered gentlemen in the UK. |
| D．To draw our attention to when and how British people say sorry. |
| A．People should not apologize if they are not responsible. |
| B．Americans care less about manners than British people do. |
| C．That British people apologize so much is linked to the class system. |
| D．British people care too much about which social class they are from. |
| A．It’s unnecessary for British people to be so polite. |
| B．The overuse of apologizing shows Britons are truly sincere. |
| C．People should not stick to the traditional use of the word “sorry”. |
| D．Using “sorry” more doesn’t necessarily mean people are more polite. |
| A．To show the best way of saying sorry. |
| B．To explain why Britons overuse the word “sorry”. |
| C．To show how saying sorry has changed over time. |
| D．To suggest many British people lack traditional manners. |
【推荐3】Last year, a popular restaurant released a live stream of a family dining in it, without asking their permission. After finding out what the restaurant was doing, the family showed their objection, but the restaurant ignored it and insisted that they had the right to do it. Moreover, they tried to silence the family, saying that their behavior was damaging the restaurant's image. This event has caused a debate on the violation of privacy and portrait rights by webcasts.
It doesn't bother some people when their images are unconsciously recorded by cameras and shown through live streams on different online platforms. They may even enjoy appearing on screens and cooperate with some businesses. In that way, the restaurant can have more public exposure and thus attract more customers, which is their purpose of webcasting. However, others including the family mentioned above, are against it. The family thought that their portrait rights were violated, considering no one had asked if it was okay to use the images of them. They found intolerable that their actions captured by the camera were webcast live to millions of viewers, not to mention the fact that some of them were not so decent. Thus they demanded an apology from restaurant.
People may behave in a relaxed way when eating or resting, and they don't want others to see them in this way. Thus, from a legal perspective, if businesses webcast their customers for commercial reasons, they have violated customers portrait rights.
Webcasting someone without his or her consent amounts to a violation of portrait rights, which is getting increasingly common these days as cellphone webcasting is growing in popularity for technical convenience, However, public awareness of privacy protection is still falling behind. More should be done to make sure webcasting is developing sustainably, without violating people's legal rights.
1. What is the major issue argued in the passage?| A．A famous restaurant published a live stream of a family dining in it. |
| B．The family showed their objection to the famous restaurant's webcast. |
| C．The restaurant ignored the objection and insisted they had the right to do it. |
| D．The restaurant claimed that the family was damaging the restaurant's image. |
| A．Customers enjoy appearing on screens. |
| B．Customers cooperate with some businesses. |
| C．Customers are shown through live streams online. |
| D．Customers are unconsciously recorded by cameras. |
| A．Businesses webcast customers live according to their agreement. |
| B．Businesses webcast customers for commercial reasons and pay them. |
| C．Businesses webcast customers improper actions with their permission. |
| D．Businesses webcast customers behaving in a relaxed way without informing them. |
| A．Public awareness of privacy protection is increasing |
| B．A famous restaurant released a live stream of a family |
| C．How can people behave in a relaxed way when having a rest |
| D．A debate on whether webcasts violate privacy and portrait rights |
| A．Objective. |
| B．Negative. |
| C．Positive. |
| D．Subjective. |
【推荐1】Kristen Sorensen was 55 when she became paralyzed from the neck down. Diagnosed in October 2018 with a rare disorder that affects the body's nervous system, she never expected to walk again.
But earlier that year, the Brooks Treatment Center in Florida became the first center to use a unique technology developed in Japan --- the Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL). HAL, essentially a wearable machine, helps those with spinal cord (脊髓的)injuries and muscular diseases regain their movements and strengthen their nerves and muscles. Known as exoskeletons, they're a type of lightweight suit, with joints powered by small electric motors, that serve as mechanical muscle. Patients use their brain waves to control them.
When Sorensen heard about the brain wave-controlled exoskeleton, she knew she had to place an order and give it a try. A trained nurse helped her fit HAL over her waist and trousers, connecting her to sensors that help pick up faint bio-electric signals on the surface of the skin, which communicate a patient's intention to move. Once HAL receives these signals, it helps support the person's movements.
After some training and efforts, Sorensen was able to walk at her daughter's wedding a few months later in December. It's a thought that Sorensen shares. "When I used HAL, there were people who came from all over the country to use the equipment," she says. "I would like this kind of technology to be more readily available and more accessible especially to those who learn slowly."
But it's not just those with disabilities or injuries who stand to benefit. By 2050, there will be more than 2 billion people over age 60, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), and exoskeletons could offer a solution to the world's aging population.
In the future, as human bodies wear down with age, an exoskeleton - powered by active minds - could help people stay on their feet. With such huge potential applications available, the global medical exoskeleton market will be worth an estimated $2.8 billion by 2023, according to a research company.
1. What do we know about Kristen?| A．She had much difficulties in walking. |
| B．She was paralyzed due to an accident. |
| C．She volunteered in a science experiment. |
| D．She never gave up the hope to walk again. |
| A．brain wave | B．electrical nerve | C．mechanical muscle | D．spinal cord |
①Persons put on HAL.
②Persons are connected to the sensors.
③HAL helps support the person's motion.
④Persons send out intention to move.
⑤Sensors pick up signals and pass them to HAL.
| A．②①④⑤③ | B．①②③④⑤ | C．②①③④⑤ | D．①②④⑤③ |
| A．HAL can now be used with no difficulty |
| B．HAL may have a large potential market |
| C．HAL has been widely used in the world |
| D．HAL can only help people with disabilities |
【推荐2】Brighton is one of the most untraditional cities in the UK. Here are four of the best things to do in Brighton.
Go to one of the city's old-styled bars (酒吧)
Whatever you’re in Brighton for, checking out the old-styled bars is a must-do while you’re there. The place to start is the Twisted Lemon's cocktail hour. Though the bar itself is small, the menu is not, with pages and pages of award-winning cocktails. It is a great place for conversation over some drinks.
Find a bargain in the North Laine
The best of the North Laine is Snoopers Paradise. It is a flea (跳蚤) market with over90 unique sellers, selling everything from shoes to beautiful Tiffany lamps. It's almost impossible to walk out without buying something or without having spent an hour in there.
Explore Kemptown
If you're looking to experience the “bohemian” style Brighton is famous for, Kemptown is the place. Kemptown Bookshop is a great place to find any new book you need in a quiet, friendly shop. At night the area is livelier though, with a lot of famous bars. You can head to the Hobgoblin for a lively feeling.
Visit the Sea Lanes
The Sea Lanes are a newly rebuilt area, with a six-lane (泳道) swimming pool by the sea. The idea of the pool is to allow people to swim at all times of the year, as, sometimes, weather conditions can mean the sea is too unsafe to swim in. After you finish, there is a bar you can relax in.
1. What is special about Twisted Lemon?| A．It offers good cocktails. | B．It has a small menu. |
| C．It has won awards. | D．It holds talk shows. |
| A．Twisted Lemon. | B．Snoopers Paradise. |
| C．Kemptown Bookshop. | D．Sea Lanes. |
| A．They are crowded and noisy. | B．They are designed for kids. |
| C．They have places for drinking. | D．They provide a year-round pool. |
【推荐3】Famous for its tolerance (宽容) as well as its narrow houses and broad canals (运河), Amsterdam is undergoing a change of attitude when it comes to the millions of tourists that come to see it each year. Tolerance has reached its limits in the capital of Dutch, which is now actively urging visitors to head elsewhere.
Ellen van Loon, a partner at Dutch architectural firm OMA says, “We don’t want to turn into a Venice. While tourism earns the Dutch economy around 82 billion Euros a year, the problem we are currently facing is that Amsterdam is so loved by tourists, we just have so many coming to the city.”
Netherlands tourist officials recently took the decision to stop advertising the country as a tourist destination. Their “Perspective 2030” report, published earlier this year, stated that the focus will now be on “destination management” rather than “destination promoting”. The document also describes the country’s future strategy, acknowledging that Amsterdam’s livability will be severely influenced by “visitor overload” if action isn’t taken.
Solutions (解决办法) listed include working to discourage groups of visitors by either limiting or completely shutting down accommodation and entertainment products aimed at them, as well as spreading visitors to other parts of the Netherlands. Some of these measures have already come into play. Last year, the famous “I Amsterdam” sign was removed from outside the Rijksmuseum, the city’s main art gallery. The two-meter high letters have been moved to various “lesser-known neighborhoods” in order to entice travelers to leave the center of the city.
But will the measures being put in place be enough to save it from being damaged by its own success? Like many other locals, Van Loon fears Amsterdam has lost its uniqueness forever. “The reason tourists come here is that there’s something in the character of Amsterdam they love,” she explains. “But at a certain point, when the number of tourists is increasing and increasing, they actually kill what they loved in the first place.”
1. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 indicate?| A．Amsterdam doesn’t necessarily copy Venice. |
| B．Venice does more poorly than Amsterdam. |
| C．Amsterdam is more popular than Venice. |
| D．Venice is suffering from over-tourism. |
| A．To avoid much spending on city management. |
| B．To turn the focus on destination promoting. |
| C．To promote the development of other areas. |
| D．To reduce its pressure of mass visitors. |
| A．Promise. | B．Persuade. | C．Inform. | D．Allow. |
| A．Skeptical. | B．Intolerant. | C．Ambiguous. | D．Positive. |
