One of the world’s oldest preserved human settlements has been significantly damaged by heavy rain in Pakistan.
Moenjodaro, a World Heritage site in the Indus River Valley was built in the Bronze Age, some 5, 000 years ago. “Unfortunately we witnessed the mass destruction at the site,” reads a letter from the Cultural, Tourism, & Antiquities Department of Singh state sent to UNESCO and signed by curator Ihsan Ali Abbasi and architect Naveed Ahmed Sangah. The letter adds the site was being used as temporary accommodation for local residents whose own homes had flooded. Currently, around one-third of Pakistan is underwater after downpours combined with water from melting icebergs.
Most of Moenjodaro’s structures, which were discovered in the 1920s, are above ground and easy to be affected by environmental damage. The letter explains some of the immediate actions the site team has taken to reduce the flood damage, like bringing in water pumps, repairing brickwork and cleaning drains (下水道).
But it’s clear that these measures will not be enough. Abbasi and Sangah ended their letter by asking for $45 million to cover the costs of full repairs. UNESCO has responded to the request for help, delivering $350, 000 from its emergency fund. The funds will go to Moenjodaro and other sites including the Sehwan folk and craft museum, the Amri Museum and the historical monuments at Makli.
Moenjodaro’s significance as a historical and architectural site cannot be underestimated. When it was added to UNESCO’s register in 1980, the organization wrote that Moenjodaro “presents outstanding evidence of the Indus civilization,” making up of “the most ancient planned city on the Indian subcontinent.” During its glorious days, the city was a metropolis. There were markets, public baths, and a sewage system mostly constructed out of sun-baked brick.
In their letter, Abbasi and Sangah express concern that Moenjodaro could be added to the list of UNESCO sites in danger. Sites currently on this list include Florida’s Everglades National Park and the city of Liverpool, England.
1. Which statement about Moenjodaro is NOT true? ________A.Measures have been taken to save Moenjodaro in time. |
B.There were people living in Moenjodaro around 5000 years ago. |
C.Moenjodaro is used as accommodation for local people from time to time. |
D.The structures of Moenjodaro are too weak to stand against natural disasters. |
A.Covering the whole costs of restoring. |
B.Providing a certain amount of financial aid. |
C.Adding Moenjodaro to the list of UNESCO sites in danger. |
D.Repairing Moenjodaro and other museums and monuments. |
A.A busy center. | B.An old museum. |
C.A valuable treasure. | D.An advanced society. |
A.Delivery man. | B.News reporter. |
C.Local experience guide. | D.Self-driving car designer. |
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【推荐1】Local officials in Beijing promised to further protect the city’s cultural heritage, in particular the narrow streets known as hutongs.
Hutongs are commonly found in the cities of North China, but they are at risk. Beijing is currently believed to have fewer than 1,000 hutongs, most of which are near the Imperial Palaces. Only 60 years ago, the number was 3,250. In the old districts of Dongcheng and Xicheng, which cover 62 square kilometers, some people will be asked to move from hutong houses to avoid further damage to the ancient architecture.
“On average more than 100,000 people visit the Imperial Palaces during the National Day holidays. The visitors put pressure on the protection of cultural relics,” said the director of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Planning, adding that hutongs should be protected from human damage.
The government focused on how the protection plans were carried out and how the management of cultural heritages worked. Wang Shaofeng, head of the Xicheng district government, said the area has 182 cultural relics, many of which were built as far back as the Yuan Dynasty (1271—1368). The district of Xicheng has 1.28 million residents(居民) in its 57 square kilometers of land. “The most efficient way is to cut down the local population to reduce the possibility of causing harm to the heritage,” Wang said.
“Each community has been required to report the status of its cultural heritage, especially hutongs, and any actions to damage the heritage will be punished,” Wang said.
No one knows for sure how many hutongs will be left in the coming 100 years.
1. How many hutongs have disappeared in the past sixty years in Beijing?A.Fewer than 1,000. | B.About 2,000. |
C.More than 3, 000. | D.Over 4, 000. |
A.Visitors’ activity. | B.Residents’ attitude. |
C.Communities’ behaviour. | D.The government’s policy. |
A.To punish anyone damaging them. | B.To attract more visitors to come. |
C.To increase the local population. | D.To stop anyone from entering them. |
A.No one will remember them. | B.The number will be growing. |
C.Only time will tell. | D.Hutongs will disappear completely. |
【推荐2】What’s the better way to experience the history of a site than to have a hand in actually preserving it? This was the thought behind the founding of Adventures in Preservation (AiP) in 2001.The nonprofit’s founders, Judith Broeker and Jamie Donahoe, were both longtime preservationists and world travelers. They had seen a great many buildings in poor condition, as well as buildings that had been “restored” without the benefit of conservation expertise.
Twelve years on, they are still involved in the daytoday management of the organisation, supported by a volunteer staff. Located around the world, Judith’s favourite projects have long been the ones in Eastern Europe, and she enjoys the opportunity to travel there each year. She, along with anyone else who’s joined the adventure, always quotes their fellow jammers, as they’re called, as the highlight of each project. The groups are made up of people from all different ages, occupations, and cultures. Yet each time, they form a strong bond and work so well together that the work becomes fun.
Raising people’s awareness of their own heritage is another part of AiP project. In many places, there is so much focus on the news that not only are heritage buildings being lost but also are the traditional building skills needed to keep them. By providing training and raising awareness of the importance of their heritage, AiP is helping keep both alive.
Next year, AiP has projects in Europe and the US. There will be even more projects the following year as projects currently under development in Ghana, Armenia, Ukraine and the US come on line. Each project is also an opportunity for travel adventure, and personal growth, and AiP welcomes people from around the world to join a project and “jam” with them.
1. For what major purpose was AiP set up?A.To gain wonderful benefits. | B.To protect old buildings. |
C.To hunt for experts. | D.To train new members. |
A.Machines. | B.Projects. | C.Colleagues. | D.Organisations. |
A.Ambitions. | B.Education. | C.Wealth. | D.Efforts. |
A.AiP’s popularity. | B.AiP’s eagerness. | C.AiP’s goal. | D.AiP’s function. |
【推荐3】For Lydia Koniordou, a famous Greek actress and former Greek minister of culture and sports, cultural preservation is essential to help people know who they are and learn what they should do in the future.
“The taller you want to grow, the deeper your roots must be. Our cultural past is our roots. If we don’t have really strong roots and depth in our perception (认识) of our identity, we cannot grow. Without these roots, we will be torn out very easily with the currents,” she told the journalist in a recent interview, adding cultural heritage is in fact very much alive and relevant today.
Speaking of her teaching experience overseas, Koniordou said she was very much impressed by her Chinese students when she gave seminars on ancient Greek tragedy at the Shanghai Theatre Academy in 2014-15. When the students worked on Alcestis, an Athenian tragedy by ancient Greek playwright Euripides, they thoroughly researched the costumes they would be wearing, the set, and the lights, among others, she recalled. “I feel they evolved and were transformed by this experience as I was transformed. They did not just play a role, but created a whole world and that is why the production had so much interest also for the spectators,” she said.
Koniordou participated in the production of Euripides ‘Electra’ together with Greek director Kostas Tsianos. “Tsianos did something very important for Greek culture. He connected folk forms of art, folk dances, songs and poetry with our classical past. We presented this performance in many places around the world, and the feeling that it stirred in the audience was quite similar, even though they didn’t always understand the language,” she said.
The Chinese civilization is a huge tree with very deep roots, and Greece also has a rich ancient civilization, she said, adding she believes that the two countries could promote cooperation and exchanges in many fields, such as in preservation of antiques.
1. What can we learn from paragraph 2?A.Cultural heritage is easily damaged. |
B.The importance of cultural preservation. |
C.The taller growth wants the deeper roots. |
D.We are easily torn out with the currents. |
A.She played a role and was loved by the spectators. |
B.She researched the costumes, the set, and the lights. |
C.She studied the art of Chinese performance as a student. |
D.She promoted the students’ understanding of Greek culture. |
A.To indicate her friendship with Tsianos. |
B.To show Koniordou was also expert at directing. |
C.To popularize and promote traditional Greek culture. |
D.To introduce the art achievement of Tsianosin. |
A.Cultural preservation in China. |
B.The way to preserve cultural heritage. |
C.The introduction of other Greek art productions. |
D.Cooperation between Chinese and Greek culture. |
【推荐1】For most of the traditional restaurants, it is challenging to deal with the increasing number of customers. But for Li Xianghui’s restaurants, things are different. Owning four restaurants, Li bought a number of cooking machines, which can operate tirelessly day and night. Packed in kits, all dishes are semi-finished(半加工的) and can be served within minutes after they are put into the machines.
“Automation (自动化) is the future for the restaurant business. It can avoid pressure from human costs in running a traditional restaurant and increase efficiency,” Li says. “There is a standardized process(过程) by the machines, which can make sure of the same taste of each order.”
The cooking machine can make about 2,000 recipes(食谱), according to Li. Once seated, customers scan a QR code(二维码) and use an app to make their meal selection and pay. With the only waiter putting the semi-finished food kit into the machine, the meal will be served in minutes. What’s more, the robot “cook” has attracted an increasing number of customers since the restaurant’s opening. Many customers say the taste is good and the price is not expensive.
Researchers from the University of Cambridge have trained their robot “cook” to make a judgement about the saltiness of a dish at different stages of the chewing (咀嚼) process, like a similar process in humans, according to their research published in the journal Frontiers in Robotics and AI.
Their results could be useful in the development of automated or semi-automated food preparation by helping robots to learn what tastes good and what doesn’t, making them better “cooks”. “If robots are to be used for certain aspects of food preparation, it’s important that they are able to ‘taste’ what they’re cooking,” said Grzegorz Sochacki, the paper’s first author.
1. Why does Li say “Automation is the future for the restaurant business”?A.Food can be cooked in some simpler way by the machines. |
B.Customers prefer to have a quicker meal in the restaurant. |
C.The tastes of dishes are better when cooked by the machines. |
D.The costs of running a restaurant are less when using machines. |
A.0. | B.1. | C.2. | D.4. |
A.It becomes popular on the Internet soon. |
B.People want to see the robot “cook” there. |
C.People are satisfied with the taste and price there. |
D.It allows customers to use an app to make orders. |
A.To improve robots’ cooking skills. | B.To explore other uses of robots in kitchen. |
C.To prove robots’ ability to make recipes. | D.To train robots to learn how to chew. |
【推荐2】Earthquake in Central China Kills 14
BEIJING﹣A magnitude (级别) 5.7 earthquake shook part of central China on Saturday,killed at least 14people and injured nearly 400,the official said.
The official Xinhua News Agency said the quake happened around 6:00a.m.local time,with the epicentre(震中) in Ruichang,a city of 420,000 in Jiangxi province.
Hundreds of homes collapsed(倒塌) and thousands were damaged,Xinhua said."The earthquake this morning was quite scary,"said a shopkeeper in Ruichang reached by telephone who would only give her surname﹣Zhou.
Many people in Ruichang were staying outside for fear of aftershocks (余震).She said she felt a milder trembling of the earth around 9:00p.m.
Tents were set up outside a hospital treating some of the 377 injured.
The United States National Earthquake Information Centre reported the quake was magnitude 5.5.
1. Why did the people still stay outside after the earthquake?A.They were afraid to be buried in the buildings. |
B.They wanted to stay with their friends outside. |
C.They were waiting for help. |
D.They were afraid of another quake. |
A.414 | B.400 |
C.14 | D.377 |
A.9:00a.m.on Sunday. |
B.6:00p.m.on Sunday. |
C.9:00a.m.on Saturday. |
D.6:00a.m.on Saturday. |
A.In a science book. |
B.In a newspaper. |
C.In a magazine. |
D.In an advertisement. |
【推荐3】Two towns in Boulder County, Colorado are struggling to recover after terrible wildfires destroyed nearly 1,000 buildings.
The Marshall fire and the Middle Fork fire began on Thursday morning as grass fires. Strong winds blowing at speeds of up to 175 kph helped feed the flames and spread them further. The fires spread through towns located between the larger cities of Boulder and Denver. Over 30,000 people were forced to leave Louisville, Superior, and two other nearby towns as the fire swept through the area.
By Friday morning, the wildfires had burned roughly 25 square kilometers. The Middle Fork fire was brought under control on Friday, but the Marshall fire was harder to stop Nearly 1,000 buildings were destroyed, including hundreds of homes, a hotel, and a shopping center.
In spite of the power of the wildfires, there have only been a few injuries. So far, no deaths have been reported. Authorities initially suggested that the fire may have been caused by power lines downed by the wind. But company Xcel Energy reported Friday that none of its power lines in the area where the fire began had been downed, throwing that explanation into question.
Surprisingly, snow began falling on Friday night, helping to put out the fire. But by Saturday, the snow and falling temperatures had begun to cause new problems. Many homes in the area were left with no electricity and no gas for heating. With temperatures around -14℃, water pipes began freezing and breaking in many of the homes that had survived the flames.
Many people are looking at the part the climate crisis played in this disaster. Wildfire season used to run from May to November, but that’s no longer true. Temperatures in the area have been unusually warm since July. Jennifer Balch,who’s a fire scientist,told the Denver Post, “Climate change is definitely a part of this story, in that fire seasons are 1onger.”
1. How many towns were affected by the fires?A.2. | B.3. | C.4. | D.5. |
A.They were put out at the same time. |
B.It hasn’t been clear how they started. |
C.They’re the worst wildfires in Colorado. |
D.No one was injured or killed in the fires. |
A.The wildfire season is shorter than before. |
B.Boulder County is in urgent need of rain. |
C.People are not prepared for extreme weather. |
D.Climate change is to partially blame for the fires. |
A.It never rains but it pours. | B.Save for a rainy day. |
C.Kill two birds with one stone. | D.Prevention is better than cure. |