The History and Development of Soccer
Soccer, known as football in most of the world, is one of the most popular sports today. Let’s explore its history and how it developed and spread over the years.
It is said that the history of soccer dates back as far as 2500 B.C. in London. In China, the most relevant(相关的) is the Chinese game of Tsu’Chu(Cuju). Records of the game began during the Han Dynasty(206B.C.—220A.D.) and it may have been a training exercise for soldiers. Players kicked a small ball into a net between two bamboo poles. The use of hands was not allowed, but a player could use his feet and other parts of his body.
The modern shape of soccer was formed at the beginning of the 19th century. In 1848, the “Cambridge Rules”were established(建立) at Cambridge University. After they graduated, adult football clubs became more common, players could continue to play the ball.
The Football Association(FA) was created on October 26,1863. Over the years, more clubs joined the FA until the number reached 128 by 1887. In 1872, the first Football Association Cup was played in London. Other associations were formed, including the Football League in 1888 in the north and midlands of the country, and the first championship(冠军) league games were played.
It did not take long for other European countries to accept the British love for soccer. Leagues began popping up throughout the world: the Netherlands and Denmark in 1889, Argentina in 1893, Chile in 1895, Switzerland and Belgium in 1895, Italy in 1898, Germany and Uruguay in 1900,Hungary in 1901, and Finland in 1907. It was not until 1903 that France formed their league.
In 1930,the first-ever FIFA World Cup was held in Uruguay. There were 41 members of FIFA at that time. Today it has over 200 members and the World Cup is one of the biggest events of the year.
1. What do we know about Chinese game of Tsu’Chu?A.It began as far as 2500 B. C. |
B.English soccer developed from it. |
C.Players were allowed to use their hands. |
D.It was probably a training exercise for soldiers. |
A.In 1800. | B.In 1848. | C.In 1863. | D.In 1887. |
A.Soccer spread worldwide. |
B.Football clubs formed in Europe. |
C.The whole world accepted the British soccer. |
D.200 members joined in the first-ever FIFA World Cup. |
A.In order of time. |
B.In order of place. |
C.In order of character. |
D.In order of importance. |
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【推荐1】Some English words are made up of the same part and have different beginnings and different endings, such as import, export, report and transport. All these words, you can see, have the same “port”, which come from the Latin word, meaning “to carry” or “to move” from one place to another. And according to the bit at the beginning, which we call the prefix the meaning changes. “Import” means “to carry in” or “to bring into a country”, “export”, “ex” means “out of”, so this word means “to carry out of the country”, “re” means “back”, so the “report” means “to tell somebody, to bring back information to somebody”, “transport”, “trans” means “across” and it means “to carry across one place to another”.
Let’s look at the following words: supporter, reporter, importer and exporter. You can see that in this case these words are nouns which are made up of the verbs plus a suffix, thus meaning a person who completes the verb. So supporter means somebody who supports. A reporter is somebody who reports. Importer is somebody who imports and exporter is somebody who exports, and so on.
1. In the first sentence the word “part” means _______.A.different beginnings and different endings |
B.the same part that has several meanings |
C.the root of the word |
D.the same root that has different meanings |
A.the meaning of a Latin word | B.a different meaning |
C.the meaning of “in” or “out of” | D.a lot of meanings |
A.just by adding “er” to verbs | B.by changing a prefix |
C.only by adding “er” to a root | D.by adding a suffix to a verb |
A.a man having good manners and education |
B.a person who should be educated |
C.somebody having bad manners |
D.a person punished by somebody else |
【推荐2】American country music is also known as country western music. It has a very long history. It comes from the folksongs of immigrants (移民) from Britain. Country music uses simple music and words to express everyday feelings such as loneliness, love, and sadness. That is to say, country music describes life. It talks about friends and enemies, trucks and roads, farm and crops. People in many parts of the world like country music, because everyone can understand what the music is about.
Country western, music became popular first among cowboys (牛仔) in the American west countryside. Cowboys had to take care of cows day and night. When they were alone with the cows, they often sang beautiful and peaceful songs to calm the animals and to overcome their own fear. They were not well-educated and so they sang about their daily life in very simple words. They played guitars,violins and other instruments. In the south of America, many people added instrument. from their homes, like bottles and spoons. When cow hoys visited their friends and families on holidays like Thanksgiving, they usually sang and played country we stemn music.
In recent years, many musicians have made country we stem music a little different from the one in the past. These changes make the songs sound even better. Today singers such as Carth Brooks, Reba McEntire, Emmylou Harris, Lyle Lovett, Eddie Rabbitt, LeAnn Rimes, Randy Travis and a group called Alabama are singing and playing in different styles. They have brought count ty western music more and more fans from all over the world.
1. The underlined words “calm the animals” here mean “make the animals” becomeA.sad and lonely | B.quiet and relaxed |
C.angry and wild | D.upset and scared |
A.Early immigrants lived a very simple life. |
B.Many country music singers are not well-educated. |
C.Cowboys usually played country western music on holidays. |
D.In the west of America, cowboys added instruments from their homes. |
A.violins | B.bottles | C.knives | D.spoons |
A.it has a long history | B.it comes from Europe |
C.it is sung by cowboys | D.it is easy to understand |
【推荐3】The 2016 Olympic Games in Rio may have drawn world-class athletes from around the world, but it was the supermodel Gisele Bundchen that stole the show in an extremely attractive dress in what might have been her biggest catwalk moment to date.
Brazilian supermodel Gisele Bundchen was born in July 20, 1980 in Horizontina, Rio Grande do Sol, Brazil. Originally she wanted to be a professional volleyball player. After being spotted at age 14 in a shopping mall in Sao Paulo, Bundchen moved to New York City to begin her fashion modeling career in 1996 and is now "the most famous face" in the business.
Gisele's first Vogue magazine cover appeared on newsstands in July 1999, and since then, she has become one of the most internationally recognized models. Gisele appeared in more than 7,000 magazine covers around the world. The only woman who made more covers was Princess Diana. Bundchen is said to be the highest paid supermodel of all time, earning a reported $ 33 million in 2007, which has risen by 12 million dollars by 2016.
Although she retired from the runway in 2015 to focus on her family and other projects, Gisele made this--the Opening Ceremony' in her Brazil--her brilliant return, which is for sure the longest runway she has ever walked in her life.
1. The underlined phrase "stole the show" in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by_________.A.showed herself off | B.stole the camera |
C.made a hit | D.drew less attention |
A.Originally she didn't have the intention to be a model. |
B.She made more magazine covers than Princess Diana. |
C.She began her fashion modeling career in Sao Paulo. |
D.She walked the longest runway in the world. |
A.A Profitable career | B.A Fortunate Brazilian Girl |
C.A Money-earning Approach | D.A World-famous Supermodel |
A.A finance report. | B.A science newspaper. |
C.A popular magazine. | D.An official document. |
【推荐1】A week ago, “Sports for Life” programme was sent to the parents, requiring them to select a sport that they wanted their child to play. Since then, our staff have received lots of calls from parents asking for more information about it. Here is a memo (备忘录) for your reference when you answer the phones.
Sport 1: Basketball.
We expect that this will be the most popular of the four sports. Therefore, students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible. Students will take a private bus to and from the Kwun Tong Sports Park. To cover the cost of hiring a bus, each student will have to pay $10 each time. There will be four basketball courts with one teacher monitoring each game.
Sport 2: Gym.
We will be using the St. Peter’s Memorial Park. There are two reasons for choosing this park. First, it is not very busy and crowded before 6:00 pm. Second, it has a lot of trees with plenty of shade. Students must bring along two bottles of water to prevent thirst. Three activities — skipping, jogging, and outdoor aerobics (有氧运动) are all free of charge. And there will be a teacher on duty for each of the activities.
Sport 3: Hiking.
Hiking will take place at the Kowloon Peak. The activity will start at 2:30 pm and finish 90 minutes later. Three teachers will accompany the students, and a hiking instructor will accompany each group of 15 hikers. Each instructor will cost $75 per hour. Students are advised to bring plenty of water and sunscreen.
Sport 4: Swimming.
The Kowloon City Aquatic Centre is a 10-minute walk from our school. Four teachers will go to the pool and conduct the students from the poolside. We will only be able to reserve the pool for one hour (2:45 pm to 3:45 pm). Only students skillful at swimming can take up this activity. The pool will have two lifeguards present. Girls must wear a swimming suit. The cost is $10 per visit.
1. Who is the memo intended for?A.The parents. | B.The students. | C.The workers. | D.The teachers. |
A.It provides free-for-all activities. | B.It offers shelters from the sun. |
C.It covers the cost of transport. | D.It remains uncrowded all day. |
A.To pay $10 in all. | B.To arrive at 4:00 pm. |
C.To wear a swimming suit. | D.To be good at swimming. |
【推荐2】The following are some programs offered by New York City for children aged eight and up.
Softball
Spring
Co-ed(男女同校的) softball programs take place in the spring for children between the ages of 8-14. Instructional clinics and competitive leagues are held across the city. Registration is on a first come, first served basis in early spring.
Golf
CityParks Junior Golf Center, Summer
Located next to the Dyker Beach public golf course in Bay Ridge Brooklyn, the CityParks Junior Golf Center is a state-of-the-art facility that offers free golf instruction to New York City children between the ages of 7-17. Highlights include a six-hole golf course, practice putting and chipping greens(切果岭),covered driving range and clubhouse with classroom space.
Wheelchair Flag Football
Fall
Some of the fall flag football leagues have adaptive divisions for people with disabilities. These include opportunities for children and adults. Registration is on a first come, first served basis in September, and the leagues run until November.
Street Hockey
Winter and Summer
NYC Parks and the New York Rangers provide free youth street hockey clinics, presented by Coca-Cola, Get the Ball Rolling. The clinics are for boys and girls aged 5-17, and provide instruction on the basics of street hockey, as well as tips on the importance of exercising and eating a balanced diet. All equipment is provided and no prior experience is necessary to participate. Sessions run from December to February in the winter and July to August in the summer. Registration is on a rolling basis beginning prior to the start of each session.
1. What is special about Golf?A.It doesn’t charge the learner. |
B.Learners can’t go to the court. |
C.It teaches theory without practice. |
D.It is intended for children over 17. |
A.Adults of 18 and up. | B.All disabled people. |
C.Children of 7 and down. | D.Boys and girls aged 5-17. |
A.Golf. | B.Softball. |
C.Street Hockey. | D.Wheelchair Flag Football. |
【推荐3】Pickleball, which combines elements of badminton, Ping-Pang, and tennis, has two characteristics that make it a good choice for older adults. It’s slower than other racket (球拍) sports, and it’s easier to learn.
With a play area about a quarter the size of a tennis court and a plastic ball that doesn’t bounce as high or as fast as a tennis ball, you don’t have to run as much or as quickly. The bats are lighter and shorter than tennis rackets, making them easier to swing and control. There are fewer rules than tennis.
Plus, pickleball is more social than many types of exercise and it’s fun. In one study, participants rated pickleball 150 percent higher for enjoyment than walking. “People are finding it’s not boring,” says Cedric Bryant, PhD, chief science officer at the American Council on Exercise, who has played pickleball for more than 20 years. “It’s not something they’re doing just because they should, but because they enjoy it and want to do it.”
Pickleball is an effective workout, and like walking, you can adjust the intensity to your preferences. A friendly doubles match can qualify as proper exercise. A competitive singles match is likely to be tighter.
And pickleball offers plenty of health pluses. After six weeks of playing an hour of pickleball three times a week, older adults improved their cardiorespiratory (心肺的) fitness and blood pressure, according to a study published in 2018 in the International Journal of Research in Exercise Physiology. Another study found that the activity may keep you mentally sharp. “You’re making a lot of quick decisions while engaged in a physical task,” says study author David Bolton, PhD, assistant professor at Utah State University in Logan. “It is effectively training cognitive (认知的) ability.”
But it is not without risks of getting injured. Don’t just hit the court and go right into having a game. A warm-up is the best defense against injury, so take at least 5 minutes to prepare your body.
1. What is one of the reasons for the popularity of pickleball among older adults?A.Its slow pace. | B.Its great intensity. |
C.Its complex rules. | D.Its cheap equipment. |
A.It is demanding. | B.It is enjoyable. |
C.It is beneficial. | D.It is practical. |
A.Making quick decisions. |
B.Training cognitive ability. |
C.Brain activity during physical exercise. |
D.The proper frequency to play pickleball. |
A.Pre-workout preparations. | B.The rules of this exercise. |
C.Comments on this game. | D.Disadvantages of pickleball. |