Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each w-组卷网

题型：选词填空-短文选词填空难度：0.65 引用次数：30 题号：17713453

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. acknowledgement B. actually C. commonly D. confirm E. conscious
F. crack G. eliminate H. independent I. log J. shortcut K. unimaginative

Why Your Password May Not Be As Safe As It Seems

Does “qaz2ws” strike you as a nice safe password? What about “adgimptw”? An analysis has found them to be among the passwords that are most 1 used, which of course means they are not secure at all.

When ten million passwords were leaked to the internet, they appeared to 2 that attempts by internet security experts to make us improve our password strength had been successful, even, in the specific case of the leaked passwords, they were also completely pointless.

While many of the passwords were still single words, such as “password”, there was also a clear attempt by many to make them harder to 3 . The problem was that people seemed to do so in the same way.

“Users are becoming slightly more 4 of what makes a password strong,” explained WP Engine, an internet company that performed the analysis. “For instance, adding a number or two at the end of a text phrase. That makes it better, right?”

But 5 no. They found that almost half a million passwords did this—and in 20 per cent of those all people did was put the number “1” at the end.

Perhaps this is why some companies are now trying to move gradually beyond passwords. Yahoo! is giving users the option to associate their mobile phone with an account, and have a single use password texted to it each time they want to 6 on.

Although the service is voluntary, Dylan Casey, an executive at Yahoo!, said that it was “the first step to 7 passwords”. He said it was a(n) 8 that it was increasingly hard for people to remember all the passwords they had. “I don’t think we, as an industry, have done a good enough job of putting ourselves in the shoes of the people using our products,” he said.

It would certainly be a more sensible strategy than some people’s improving upon “password” by using “password” or tran5p053d numb3r5f0r13tt3r5.

“We are, for the most part, predictably 9 when it comes to choosing passwords, despite a decade of warnings from password strength checkers during sign-ups”, said WP Engine, “We love taking a(n) 10 , and so do password cracker.”

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更新时间：2022-12-28 21:07:32 |

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【知识点】科普知识信息技术

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文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了维基百科之所以如此享有声誉的原因。

【推荐1】Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one word or phrase more than you need.

A. demands B. amateur C. undimmed D. compares E. spotted F. hits
G. spoiled H. estimates I. deliberate J. lacks K. criticized

Wikipedia (维基百科) is a Web-based, free-content encyclopedia written collaboratively by volunteers and sponsored by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. Its purpose is to create and distribute a free international encyclopedia in as many languages as possible. Wikipedia is the most popular reference site on the internet, receiving tens of millions of 1 each day.

On January 15^th Wikipedia celebrated its 20^th anniversary.

Like most Utopian thinking, the idea of a(n) 2 encyclopedia was, for many years, treated as a bit of a joke. Even now, after numerous academic studies had highlighted its reliability, Wikipedia still 3 the gravity and authority of older encyclopedias like the Encyclopedia Britannica, which are written by paid academic experts.

Wikipedia may not have conquered its doubters in theory, but it has triumphed (获胜) in practice. With over 20bn page views a month, it has become the standard reference work for anyone with an internet connection. As social media sites are 4 for censorship (审查制度), “fake news” and disinformation, its reputation is higher than ever.

One explanation may be 5 decisions. Wikipedia 6 well with other reference works when it comes to honest mistakes. Other reasons are structural. The site’s open nature and its popularity help ensure that errors in well-read articles are usually 7 and fixed quickly.

Wikipedia’s not-for-profit structure means it can focus on the interests of readers and editors without having to consider the 8 of advertisers. The site is also unusual in that it is run by humans, not algorithms (算法).

Katherine Maher, the Wikimedia Foundation’s executive director and CEO, 9 around 80% of Wikipedia’s editors are male, and skewed (偏向) towards North America and Europe. Changing that, she says, is vital to the health of a project whose idealism remains 10 . “Our vision is a world where every single human being can share in all knowledge,” she says.

2022-04-17更新 | 105次组卷

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名校

文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了兄弟姐妹对我们的生活产生的影响。

【推荐2】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. distinguish B. encourage C. imitating D. lasting E. treatment F. positively
G. presence H. shared I. tense J. universality K. objectively

The science of sibling rivalry

We don’t choose our siblings. Brothers and sisters are just sort of there. And yet, when it comes to our development, they can be more influential than parents.

Part of sibling’s influence has to do with their 1 . Eighty-two percent of kids live with a sibling (a greater share than live with a father), and about 75 percent of 70-year-olds have a living sibling. For those of us who have brothers or sisters, our relationships with them will likely be the longest of our life.

Whether these relationships make our life better or worse is a more complicated question. On the upside, positive interactions with siblings during adolescence 2 empathy, prosocial behavior, and academic achievement. This effect can be complicated by a full house, however. Kids with more siblings do worse in school—although the 3 of this finding has been challenged by several studies.

When a sibling’s relationship is bad, however, it can be really bad; 4 siblings relationships make people more likely to be depressed and anxious in adolescence. Moreover, sibling bullying makes a kid more likely to engage in self-harm as a teen and to become pyscholtic by age 18.

Whether a person models herself after her siblings or tries to 5 herself has particularly important consequences. One study found that siblings who felt 6 about each other tended to achieve similar education levels, while those who spent unequal time with their dad and got unequal parental 7 had different educational fortunes. Research suggests that as siblings’ relationships with their parents grow more different over time, their relationship with each other may become warmer. And 8 your sibling can be a mistake, depending on what she’s up to: Girls are more likely to get pregnant in their teens and teenagers are more likely to engage in risky behavior if an older sibling did not first.

One way or another, sibling influence is 9 . A study of more than 1 million Swedes found that one’s risk of dying of a heart attack rises dramatically after a sibling dies of one, due not only to 10 DNA but also to the stress of losing such a key figure. It makes sense that most of us are different people than we’d have been if our brothers or sisters were never born. Sibling s seem like they’re just there only until they aren’t.

2022-09-29更新 | 39次组卷

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文章大意：本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明在谷歌上搜索生病的症状可能并不像以前认为的那样不明智。

【推荐3】Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. ranging          B. appropriately     C. association     D. facilitating
E. evidence                 F. modest             G. obtaining     H. offered
I. rose       J. steer        K. treatment

That throbbing headache just won’t go away and your mind is racing about what might be wrong. It turns out googling your symptoms may not be as ill-advised as once thought.

Although some doctors advise against turning to the internet before going to the clinic, a new study suggests that researching symptoms online may not be harmful after all, and could lead to 1 improvements in diagnosis (诊断).

Using “Dr. Google” is controversial, with fears that it can lead to inaccurate diagnoses, bad advice on where to seek 2 , and increased anxiety.

Previous research into the subject has been limited to observational studies of internet search behavior, so researchers from Harvard sought to empirically (以经验为主地) measure the 3 of an internet search with diagnosis, triage (分诊，即按患者伤势决定治疗次序), and anxiety by presenting 5,000 people in the US with a series of symptoms and asking them to imagine someone close to them was experiencing the symptoms

The participants were made up of roughly equal numbers of men and women with an average age of 45. They were asked to provide a diagnosis based on the given information，which ranged from mild to severe, and described common illnesses such as viruses, heart attacks and stroke.Then, they looked up their case symptoms on the internet and again 4 a diagnosis. Participants were also asked to select a triage level, 5 from “let the health issue get better on its own” to calling emergency services, and to record their anxiety levels.

The result showed a sharp increase in diagnosis accuracy, which was 49.8% before the search and 6 to 54% after the search. However, there was no difference in triage accuracy, or anxiety, the authors wrote in the journal JAMA Network Open.

About three-quarters of the study participants were able to identify the severity of a situation, and 7 choose when to seek care.

The lead author, Dr. David Levine, said the findings suggested that medical experts and policymakers probably did not need to 8 patients away from the internet when it came to seeking health information and self-diagnosis or triage. Instead, using the internet was likely to help patients figure out what was wrong.

“Many physicians believe that using the internet to search for one’s symptoms is a bad idea and this provides some 9 that is unlikely the case,” he said. “Searchers for the most part did not use poor sources of information such as chat forums or social media. This similarly refutes the idea that folks who search the internet are 10 ‘bad advice’ from poor data sources.”

2023-05-23更新 | 84次组卷

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文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一个例子讲述了科技的快速发展使我们有更多的机会与外国人接触，更多地了解外国文化。

【推荐1】选择合适的短语动词完成语篇

look up, look for, look through, come across, come up with,
come into contact, get over, get through, get away, get across

The rapid development of technology enables us to have more opportunities to 1 with foreigners to know more about foreign culture. Take the example of Mary. She 2 a forum where people from different nations could exchange ideas and seek advice one day. At first, she was too shy to talk with others, but gradually she managed to 3 shyness. She would 4 information on the forum as long as she was free and 5 something she was interested in. She would 6 new words in the dictionary when she met them. Besides, she partnered with one of the foreign netizens from whom she learned English and to whom she taught Chinese. In this way, her English improved a lot. In the course of communication, she found it sometimes hard to 7 some habits and customs to her foreign friend because of cultural differences. She then 8 the idea of sharing movies and documentaries on related topics, which proved to be useful. Gradually they built a deep friendship and would support and comfort each other to 9 from the pressures of life and 10 difficult times.

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【推荐2】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

The Rise of the Smart City

The information revolution is changing the way cities are run - and the lives of its residents. Cities have a way to go before they can be considered geniuses. But they’re getting smart pretty fast.

In just the past few years, mayors and other officials in cities across the country have begun to draw on 1 - about income, traffic, fires, illnesses, parking tickets and more - to handle many of the problems of urban life. Whether it’s making it easier for residents to find parking places, or giving smoke alarms to the households that are most likely to suffer fatal fires, big - data technologies are beginning to 2 the way cities work.

Cities have just 3 the surface in using data to improve operations, but big changes are already under way in leading smart cities, says Stephen Goldsmith, a professor of government and director of the Innovations in Government Program at the Harvard Kennedy School. “In terms of city governance, we are at one of the most 4 periods in the last century,” he says.

Although cities have been using data in various forms for decades, the modern practice of civic analytics（民情分析）has only begun to take off in the past few years, thanks to a host of 5 changes. Among them: the growth of cloud computing, which dramatically lowers the costs of storing information; new developments in machine learning, which put 6 analytical tools in the hand of city officials; the Internet and the rise of inexpensive sensors that can track vast amount of information such as traffic or air pollution; and the widespread use of smart phone apps and mobile devices that enable citizens and city workers alike to monitor problems and 7 information about them back to city hall.

All this data collection raises understandable privacy 8 . Most cities have policies designed to safeguard citizen privacy and prevent the release of information that might 9 any one individual. In theory, anyway. Widespread use of sensors and video can also present privacy risks unless 10 are taken. The technology “is forcing cities to face questions of privacy that they haven’t had to face before,” says Ben Green, a fellow at Harvard’s Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society and lead author of a recent report on open-data privacy.

2020-06-16更新 | 82次组卷

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文章大意：这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了IT历史上一些被专家引用最多的名言被证明是具有讽刺意味的。文章重点介绍了几个历史事件。

【推荐3】从括号内选择合适的内容完成下面短文。

Some of the most quoted quotes by experts in IT history have turned out to be ironic (讽刺的).

1899

“Everything that can be invented has already been invented.” Charles H. Duell, director of the U.S. Patent Office believed it 1 (would be, will be) a future with no more inventions. A century later, the world is telling us that there 2 (are, were) still many things to be invented, and many things that were once thought impossible are becoming true.

1943

“I think there is a world market for maybe five computers,” said Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM. Thomas Watson, referring to a time when the world needed only five mainframe computers to satisfy all computing requirements, 3 (had, would have) no idea that the demands on data processing (数据处理) 4 (became, would become) so great. Time has changed, and now is the age of the PC. For the world market capacity (容量) for PCs, we now have to use “billion” after numbers.

1949

“Computers in the future may weigh no more than 1.5 tons.” This was from Popular Mechanics, talking about the future of science.

The technology has completely been beyond people’s imagination, and the computer 5 (had long said, has long said) goodbye to its huge weight. Today’s microprocessor chips (微处理器芯片) are used in mobile phones, digital cameras and other hand-held electronic devices. Some experts predicted that one day nanotechnology 6 (would make, will make) chips as thin as a hair.

The surprising history of computing over the past years has taught us not to take experts’ comments too seriously. Anyone can make mistakes, and our lives will eventually become a history of limitations. When humans predicted confidently that something 7 (would happen, was happening) in the future, they tended to forget they 8 (would fail, have failed) to learn the lessons of history.

2023-05-16更新 | 11次组卷

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