Owls are equipped with highly developed stealth (隐形;隐身) technology that helps them charge towards prey—an animal hunted and eaten by another animal, a study has shown.
Owls have flight feathers that absorb aerodynamic (空气动力学的) sound and control the vibrations that occur when a bird beats its wings. The result is perfect silence as it approaches a mouse or other prey.
Scientists used lasers and high-speed cameras to analyze and compare long-eared ow, eagle and pigeon feathers during fight. While differing in size, all three kinds of birds have a similar wingbeat style. Professor Jinkui Chu led the research, He said, “Many owls have a unique and fascinating ability to fly so silently that they are out of their prey’s hearing range, duo to their feather structure. This behaviour has long been of interest to engineers, as we seek to apply the owls’ noise-reduction mechanism (机制) to other purposes and situations that benefit society.”
“Now, however, wo know the owls’ silent flight ability is even better than we thought. Of all birds the owl is the king of acoustic stealth. It manages to prevent not only the aerodynamic noise when the owls are gliding, but also the mechanical noise caused by vibrations during flying.”
He added, “This is remarkable, considering the sudden jumping, bending and twisting the wings are subjected to the noise that is created by other birds. In the scientific world, the process used to remove this mechanical noise is called ‘damping’, which means the removal of mechanical energy from a vibrating system usually by changing it into heat and allowing it to remain steady. Our research showed the long-eared owl has amazing damping skill, meaning it can remain amazingly stable and remove the mechanical noise caused by the movement of its feathers—quite an impressive achievement of engineering. This study will hopefully provide a further insight into the owls’ silent flight mechanism and help engineers develop ideas for special materials or structures, such as onshore wind ships, where similar noise removal can be applied.”
1. What can we learn about owls according to the passage?A.They are active during the day, |
B.They attract much attention of engineers. |
C.They have similar wings to eagles. |
D.They beat wings without vibrations. |
A.owls are good at capturing prey |
B.owls have a good sense of hearing |
C.owls are good at jumping and twisting |
D.owls have silent flight ability |
A.The mechanical noise. |
B.The vibrating system. |
C.Mechanical energy. |
D.The removal of mechanical energy. |
A.Facts about stealth technology. |
B.Technique that owls use to fly. |
C.The reason for researching into owls. |
D.A study about owls’ unique ability. |
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【推荐1】Picking pineapples can be hard, heavy work often with little reward. The price paid for each individual fruit is a small part of a penny.
The leaves from pineapple plants are usually thrown away. A use for them has now been found, turning the leaves into fabric, which provides some extra income for workers.
“I think everybody is quite surprised that the fabric is made of pineapple, because it doesn’t smell like pineapple, it’s not spiky, it’s got a nice texture( 质地) to it. So it’s quite an unusual thing to be working with. ” said Ben Patton, designer for Material Products.
To make the fabric, fibers are extracted(提取) from the leaves. These get sent from the Philippines to Spain.
Once there, machinists complete the process of turning them into a material which has been named ‘Pinatex’.
An online shop based in Cambridge has begun using Pinatex to create handbags, satchels and purses.
And these are the finished bags. If you want one, they’ll charge you around 137 pounds. The texture is slightly crinkled – not too different to some leathers.
As manufacturers become more confident using the material, it’s hoped that more items will be made out of it in the future, making use of pineapple leaves that were otherwise destined to be wasted.
1. What is the function of the first paragraph?A.Giving the main idea. | B.Bringing in the topic. |
C.Raising the problem. | D.Introducing the background. |
A.To show that the pineapple is a useful fruit. |
B.To show that pineapple leaves are comfortable to feel. |
C.To show that the new material is surprisingly good. |
D.To show that the product is profitable. |
A.Cloth. | B.Leather. | C.Bag. | D.Money. |
A.Favorable. | B.Negative. | C.Concerned. | D.Doubtful. |
【推荐2】Humans can race to get out of a hurricane’s path. Some animals can sense a hurricane coming and leave quickly, but there are animals that can’t simply get out of the way. Here are the various effects of hurricanes on animals.
Birds may be able to sense air pressure and other changes in the environment, which encourages them to get out of harm’s way. Some birds will even speed up their migration (迁徙) leaving earlier than usual if a serious hurricane is approaching. However, strong winds can push birds hundreds of miles away from their home. Young or weak birds can become separated from the rest of their group and often have difficulty making it home.
Fish can also be affected. After Hurricane Andrew in 1992, about 184 million fish died in south Louisiana’s Atchafalaya Basin alone. Strong winds blew leaves off trees, blowing them into wetlands. The rotting (腐烂的) organic material to extremely low levels of oxygen in the water, killing the fish. Some fish will often find sheltered areas during hurricanes, but they’re not always safe. Dolphins have occasionally been blown to shore during big hurricanes.
There are many other dangers that come with hurricane-related water. Sharp rise of saltwater onshore can harm wildlife and plants that live in the freshwater and can’t bear the salt content.Heavy rain can also affect the balance of fresh and salt water in some areas, harming the creatures that live in them.
Many animals lose their regular food supply when a hurricane arrives, as strong winds and rains destroy trees of fruits, nuts and berries. During Hurricane Andrew, about one-quarter of Louisiana’s public oyster seed (牡蛎种苗) grounds were destroyed. Because the oysters were an important food source for some birds on Louisiana’s barrier Islands, the birds suffered mass death as a direct result of the hurricane.
1. What can we learn from paragraph 2?A.Birds are adapting to a changing climate. |
B.Birds can sense the coming of a hurricane. |
C.Birds migrate at certain times of every year. |
D.Birds’ habitats are destroyed by hurricanes. |
A.Poisonous leaves. | B.Air pollution. |
C.A lack of oxygen. | D.The loss of shelters. |
A.Ocean ecosystem is destroyed. |
B.Sea salt production is reduced. |
C.Many animals move away from their habitats. |
D.There would be less fresh water on the earth. |
A.Animals suffer more than humans during a hurricane |
B.What happens to animals during a hurricane? |
C.Why do animals migrate earlier than usual? |
D.Animals might face serious threats |
【推荐3】Four animals—a wildcat,a mongoose,a mouse and an owl—had made their home in a huge tree.
The mouse and the mongoose lived at the foot of the tree in two different holes.The cat lived in a large hole halfway up the tree and the owl lived in the branches.
The cat feared none of its neighbours and moved about,afraid of nothing.The owl and the mongoose were afraid of the cat and kept a safe distance from it.The mouse was extremely afraid of all three neighbours.
One day the cat was caught in a trap laid by a hunter.Its three neighbours watched with joy as it tried extremely hard to get out of the net in which it had been trapped.They knew it was a hopeless task.Soon the hunter would come and they would never see their enemy forever.The mouse’s joy,however,was short-lived because even as it watched the cat,it found that the mongoose was moving towards it.Looking up,it saw that the owl too was getting ready to move down.The mouse understood that it was in great danger and that the only one who could save it was its enemy,the cat.
It jumped onto the net in which the cat was caught and began biting at it.Within a short time it had made a hole big enough for the cat to come out.Seeing the cat come out,the owl and the mongoose escaped.
The mouse ran away too.It knew it could not expect any thanks from the cat,but in saving it,it had saved its own life.
1. The mouse lived in extreme fear every day because .A.it lived at the foot of the tree |
B.hunters set traps everywhere |
C.all its three neighbours might eat it at any time |
D.its food might be taken away by its neighbours |
A.The wildcat. | B.The mouse. |
C.The mongoose. | D.The owl. |
A.they were good friends |
B.they both hated the hunters |
C.the mouse was too kind to see the cat die |
D.the other two neighbours were to attack it |
A.kind | B.brave |
C.clever | D.Stupid |
【推荐1】National Napping Day: reasons you should nap.
Finding the time to recover among daily responsibilities can be hard, but napping has benefits that could help you level up in your overall health and productivity.
It might even help you get into shape. A 2020 study focusing on women found the more sleep-deprived (失眠) the women were, the more likely they were to consume added sugar, fatty foods and caffeine.
Napping has been found to boost your creativity.
Napping may not ensure success in every aspect of your life, but it could improve your health and charge your brain's batteries.
A.Now go lie down. |
B.You'll have lower risk for heart problems. |
C.Taking a nap may make your brain more alert. |
D.A lack of quality sleep could lead to overeating. |
E.A short nap may also make you feel more relaxed. |
F.The right side of your brain may experience a mental spark during a nap. |
G.It means there is no reason to feel as if you’re lazy for taking a quick nap. |
It says 1.1 billion teenagers and young adults are at risk of permanently damaging their hearing by listening to “too much, too loudly”.
It said audio devices(音频设备), concerts and bars were causing a “serious threat”.
WHO figures show 43 million people aged 12-35 have hearing loss and the number is increasing. In that age group, the WHO said, half of the people in rich and middle-income countries were exposed to unsafe sound levels from personal audio devices. Meanwhile 40% were exposed to damaging levels of sound from clubs and bars.
The proportion of US teenagers with hearing loss went from 3.5% in 1994 to 5.3% in 2006.
“What we’re trying to do is raise awareness of the problem that is not talked about enough, but has the potential to do a lot of damage that can be easily prevented,” said Dr Etienne Krug, the WHO’s director for injury prevention.
The full report argued: “While it is important to keep the volume down, limiting the use of personal audio devices to less than one hour a day would do much to reduce noise exposure.”
Dr Krug said: “That’s a rough recommendation, it is not by the minute, to give an idea to those spending 10 hours a day listening to an mp3-player. But even an hour can be too much if the volume(音量)is too loud.”
1. What might be the main cause of hearing loss according to the passage?
A.Listening to music frequently. |
B.Listening to music at concerts. |
C.Listening to too much and too loud music. |
D.Listening to music from poor audio devices. |
A.3.5%. | B.5.3%. | C.40%. | D.50 %. |
A.Safe noise exposure is based on the limitation to both volume and time. |
B.One hour of exposure to loud music a day will do no damage to hearing. |
C.With proper volume, one can listen to an mp3-player for 10 hours a day. |
D.It will be OK to be exposed to loud noise from personal audio devices. |
A.Away from music |
B.How to enjoy music |
C.Risk of hearing loss |
D.Warning of hearing damage |
【推荐3】The organic food has gained a lot of [popularity as they are being considered as healthier and tastier. A fair number of people advocate a large-scale shift to organic farming from conventional agriculture. But this might not seem well-founded.
Since the mid-19th century, conventional industrial agriculture has become incredibly efficient on a simple land to food basis. Conventional farming gets more and more crop per square foot of land, which can mean less wilderness needs to be transformed to farmland.
To make farming more efficient, conventional agriculture uses a significant amount of synthetic fertilizer(合成肥料)each year, and all that nitrogen(氮)enables much faster plant growth. However, the cost is paid in vast polluted dead zones at the months of many of the world’s rivers, because much of the nitrogen ends up running off the soil and into the oceans. This also makes conventional farming one of the major threats to the environment.
To weaken the environmental impact of agriculture, improve soil quality as well as produce healthier foods, some farmers have turned to organic farming. Environmentalists have also welcomed organic food as better for the planet than the food produced by agricultural corporations. Organic practices --- refusing artificial fertilizers and chemical pesticides –are considered far more sustainable. Sales of organic food rose 7.7% in 2010, up to $26.7 billion—and people are making those purchases for their moral senses as much as their tongues.
Yet a new meta-analysis in Nature does the math and comes to a hard conclusion: organic farming produces 25% fewer crops on average than conventional agriculture.
In the Nature analysis, scientists performed an analysis of 66 studies comparing conventional and organic methods across 34 different crop species, from fruits to grains. They found that organic farming delivered a lower output for every crop type, though the difference varied widely. For crops like fruit trees, organic trailed(落后于)conventional agriculture by just 5%. Yet for major grain crops and vegetables – all of which provide the world’s main calories – conventional agriculture outperformed organics by more than 25%.
What that means is that while organic farming may be more sustainable than conventional agriculture, there are trade-offs(此消彼长)with each. So an ideal global agriculture system may borrow the best from both systems rather than upholding merely organic or conventional practices.
1. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage?A.To compare two types of farming. |
B.To criticize conventional agriculture. |
C.To discuss the development of farming. |
D.To argue for a realistic agriculture system. |
A.It produces more crops with fewer fertilizers. |
B.It achieves efficiency at a huge cost to the environment. |
C.If offers a long-term solution to global demand for food. |
D.It performs far better for each crop type than organic farming. |
A.Employing organic farming to plant rice. |
B.Adopting organic practices to grow potato. |
C.Using conventional methods to plant cabbage. |
D.Applying conventional farming to growing apple. |
CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion
A. | B. |
C. | D. |
【推荐1】In recent years, there has been great progress in the study of genetics. With this progress, doors have been opened up to technologies that never existed before. While many people are excited about these new technologies, these same technologies frighten others. Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) (转基因的) food.
There are two ways in which a plant or an animal can be genetically modified. First, new material can be inserted into its DNA to give the plant or animal qualities which it would never have in nature. Second, material can be taken from the DNA of a plant or an animal in order to remove qualities which are not desired.
One aim of GM research is to produce food which will make us healthier. So far, this technology has been used to produce plants which are better able to defend themselves against pests and disease. Supporters of GM food argue that GM plants are healthier and have larger harvests. While there has been research in GM animals such as pigs, no GM meat is being sold at present.
Many questions have been raised about GM food. No one really knows whether it is safe for animals or humans to eat. Scientists admit that more tests should be done on GM food. Research has been limited to increasing production profits, rather than making sure that GM food is safe. GM food could therefore be dangerous to eat.
There is also a question as to whether GM plants are safe for the environment. Since GM crops are planted outside, they are part of the food chain — insects and other animals eat them or use their products, and these insects and animals will be eaten by other animals. No one knows what effects the GM material might have on the food chain.
Since no one really knows whether GM food is safe, many countries have hesitated to give permission for the production of GM food, as they would rather be cautious with this new technology.
1. How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1?A.By giving examples. | B.By giving definition. |
C.By listing numbers. | D.By making comparison. |
A.To make healthier food. | B.To produce enough meat. |
C.To produce stronger plants. | D.To make people disease-free. |
A.Negative. | B.Supportive. | C.Cautious. | D.Indifferent. |
A.GM food: hope or danger? | B.GM research: safe or not? |
C.GM food: stop or continue? | D.GM research: right or wrong? |
【推荐2】For more than 50 years, seawater has flowed through the Hong Kong’s toilets. And in 2013, Hong Kong built a system that used seawater to cool part of the city. The system sends cold seawater to a factory with heat exchangers. The seawater takes in heat to cool pipes full of circulating (循环的) water. That cooled water then flows into buildings to cool rooms. The slightly warmed seawater is sent back to the ocean. Known as district cooling, this type of system tends to use far less energy than typical air conditioners.
How much water and energy had this strategy saved Hong Kong? And why weren’t other coastal cities doing this? A team at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology set out for answers. They focused on Hong Kong and two other big coastal cities: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and Miami, Fla. The idea was to see what it might look like if all three adopted city-wide saltwater systems.
All three places would save lots of fresh water and energy, the researchers found. These savings came from the more efficient saltwater air conditioning. Though costly to build, saltwater-cooling systems could pay off in the long run for many cities.
The researchers figured out how emissions (排放) of greenhouse gases would drop if each city instead used seawater for cooling and flushing (冲刷). Next, they studied how much pollution would be created to build the new system. They compared these results to see how emissions of climate-warming gases would change for each city.
Hong Kong would see the biggest cut in greenhouse gases if the system were expanded to the whole city. It could drop by some 250,000 tons each year. Miami could see a drop of around 7,700 tons of carbon pollution per year. Saltwater cooling would cause more planet-warming gases in Jeddah than it would save. The reason: Jeddah’s unplanned urban expansion and all the pipes that would be needed to service it. The pollution coming from building such a large system would be higher than what the system would save.
1. What can seawater do in Hong Kong’s district cooling system?A.It is used to flush all of the toilets. | B.It runs into buildings to cool rooms. |
C.It circulates in pipes to warm the air. | D.It absorbs heat to cool the water in pipes. |
A.To test if saltwater-cooling systems are fit for all coastal cities. |
B.To find ways to build more efficient saltwater-cooling systems. |
C.To popularize Hong Kong’s energy reduction measures. |
D.To apply Hong Kong’s experience to Jeddah and Miami. |
A.Supportive. | B.Unclear. |
C.Mixed. | D.Opposed. |
A.Kill two birds with one stone. | B.There is no one-size-fits-all way. |
C.Two wrongs don’t make a right. | D.One man’s fault is another man’s lesson. |
【推荐3】Imagine that one day when you frown a little bit more often than usual while working in front of your computer, it would sense your bad mood and a roll of cheering words would be seen in time right on the screen. An "emotionally aware" computer being developed by British and American scientists will be able to read an individual's thoughts by analyzing a combination of facial movements that represent feelings.
“The system we have developed allows a wide range of mental states to be identified just by pointing a video camera at someone." said Professor Peter Robinson of the University of Cambridge. He believes the mind-reading computer's applications could range from improving people's driving skills to helping companies tailor advertising to people's moods." For those proprietors, this must be a fantastic invention to help them pick target customers' right emotional moment to sell them something, a future where mobile phones, cars and web sites could read our mind and react to our moods," he added.
The researchers, who are developing the technology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, also hope to get it to accept other inputs such as posture and gesture.
“Our research could enable websites to tailor advertising or products to your mood." said Robinson. For example, a Webcam linked with our software could process your image, encode the correct emotional state and send information to a website." It could also be useful in online teaching to show whether someone understands what is being explained and in improving road safety by determining if a driver is confused, bored or tired. “We are working with a car company, and they believe this will be employed in cars within five years," Robinson said, adding that a camera could be built into the dashboard(仪表板).
1. What does the computer system do?A.Storing your thoughts in its memory for further analysis. |
B.Identifying your mood through a video camera in your computer. |
C.Thinking and responding to problems in exactly the same way as you do. |
D.Improving your driving skills through the in-built camera in your dashboard. |
A.Sellers. | B.Tailors. | C.Customers. | D.Psychologists. |
A.Its history. | B.Its designer groups. | C.Its applications. | D.Its working process. |
A.Mind Your Privacy in the Future |
B.Don't Rely Too Much on Your Computer |
C.A Bright Future for Online Shopping |
D.A Future with Mind-reading Computers |