Thanks to the pandemic, more people are or have been working from home. Multiple studies and surveys have shown that many would like to carry on doing so, even as the threat from COVID-19 fades. However, new research carried out in the USA suggests that in-person teams tend to perform better in creativity at certain tasks than those working through videoconferencing software.
The initial study involved 602 participants, including university students and staff. With half the pairs sitting face-to-face in one room, and half using videoconferencing software, subjects were asked to come up with novel uses for a product. The researchers found that the in-person teams generated a greater number and wider range of ideas than the virtual teams. But when it came to their ability to pick the ‘best’ idea rated by comparing the creativity scores of the ideas they chose with the scores of those picked by the judges, there was little difference between the two groups.
To make sure the study wasn’t specific to any given population group, the tests were then conducted again, with 1,490 engineers working for a large company from five other countries. For this second set of tests, participants were asked to come up with new product ideas for their real-life employer. Using a variety of methods, the researchers found that people in the in-person group looked around the room and talked with each other more, whereas those using videoconferencing software took it in turns to speak and kept their eyes on the screen. These things negatively connected to idea generation.
“This new research was an important first step. But this is a single study and the effects are somewhat small, amounting to a difference in one or two ideas between the groups. How much impact this has would depend on the company itself. ” said Dr. Jay Olson, who studies ways to measure creativity.
1. What did the new research made in America show?A.Relaxing environment leads to great ideas. |
B.Videoconferencing makes creativity likely happen. |
C.Home-working surroundings bring about creativity. |
D.Interaction in-person better contributes to novel ideas. |
A.The ability to pick the best ideas. | B.The methods to tell the best ideas. |
C.The number of best ideas produced. | D.The scores obtained in creating ideas. |
A.To make the test more convincing. | B.To engage more people in the study. |
C.To arouse the creativity of the subjects. | D.To classify the participants of the study. |
A.Conducting more researches. | B.Treating the effects critically. |
C.Making full use of the findings. | D.Clarifying the results of the study. |
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【推荐1】Honey is not only a good source of natural sugar; it is also delicious. Most people and many animals like eating it. Unless people build beehives, however, the only way for them to get honey is to find a wild bees’ nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper - a little bird called a honey guide.
The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the bees’ honeycomb. The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees’ nest. So when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, constantly waiting for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey and the wax always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.
Scientists do not know how the honey guide digests the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a local beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives.
If a person follows a honey guide to a nest, the bird is especially sure of getting a good share. Tribesmen in Africa are very grateful to the honey guide for leading them to good sources of honey, but they are also afraid of the little bird. They believe that if they do not open a bees’ nest and leave some honeycomb for the honey guide, the next time the bird cries to them through the forest, it will lead them to a snake in revenge. So they should consider the share of the honey guide seriously.
1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A.What living habits the honey guide has. |
B.Where the honey guide finds the honeycomb. |
C.Why the honey guide gives a loud cry in the forest. |
D.How the honey guide helps people and animals get honey. |
A.curious animals often destroy the honeycomb |
B.the honey guide often flies inside the bees’ nest |
C.the honey guide probably has a good sense of smell |
D.scientists did some research on the honey guide’s digestion |
A.In punishment. | B.In reward. | C.In vain. | D.In doubt. |
【推荐2】People who suffer from frequent nightmares or terrible dreams have a problem called nightmare disorder (梦魇症). It will cause one difficult to fall and stay asleep. There is no universally agreed reason why we dream, much less have nightmares.
But now, sleep scientists Thomas Kilkenny and his colleagues from Switzerland may have found a new way to make sure your rest stays peaceful and undisturbed. In their study, they found that combining a way called imagery rehearsal therapy (想象预演疗法) with targeted memory reactivation (目标记忆激活) helps to reduce those annoying nightmares.
Imagery rehearsal therapy is a commonly used tool for people with nightmares. A psychologist will ask the individual to describe a recurring nightmare and identify possible reasons. Afterward they work with the patient to “rewrite” a new ending to the dream with a more pleasant outcome. For example, if the nightmare involves someone chasing you down a dark alley, you can imagine turning to a passerby for help or imagine holding a weapon to protect you. The goal of rehearsing the ending is to change the nightmare to something less frightening and more peaceful.
The scientists included 60 people with nightmare disorder in an experiment to test their theory. They divided them into two groups, 30 in each. The first group were treated with imagery rehearsal therapy. And for the second group, they combined the imagery rehearsal therapy with targeted memory reactivation which uses different external stimuli as a cue to reactivate more pleasant memories from earlier in the day. “The study demonstrates again that imagery rehearsal therapy alone works to imnprove the nightmare disorder,” says Thomas Kilkenny, “However, people with the additional targeted memory reactivation during sleep had a better reduction in weekly nightmares and were more likely to create dreams from positive memories. ”
“We observed a fast decrease of nightmares, together with dreams becoming emotionally more positive,” said Lampro Pers, a psychiatrist at the Sleep Laboratory of the Geneva University. “The benefits of using targeted memory reactivation may go beyond nightmare disorder. The combined therapy could prove effective for patients with PTSD, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders,” he added.
1. What is the purpose of the third paragraph?A.To state the study background of IRT. | B.To show a unique goal of IRT. |
C.To explain the research method of IRT. | D.To describe a common tool of IRT. |
A.By making comparisons. | B.By listing data. |
C.By analyzing reasons. | D.By giving definitions. |
A.Scientists have reached common perspectives on nightmares so far. |
B.People with weekly nightmares will be positive by rewriting a new ending. |
C.Scientists have found a combined way to reduce nightmares after experiment. |
D.People with anxiety disorders will stay peaceful forever with the new therapy. |
A.Critical. | B.Objective. | C.Skeptical. | D.Appreciative. |
【推荐3】Most people have heard the story of the lost city of Atlantis. But is any part of the story true?
Over two thousand years ago, the Greek writer Plato wrote about Atlantis, an island in the Atlantic Ocean. The island’s people were very rich. They built a big city with many great buildings. But the people became greedy-they had many things, but they still wanted more. So the gods became angry. Earthquakes and large waves began to strike the island. Finally, Atlantis sank into the sea.
Many explorers have looked for Atlantis. In 2004, explorer Robert Sarmast reported finding the remains of a city under the sea near Cyprus. However, Sarmast and other scientists later realized the structure he found under the sea were natural, not man-made. Mark Adams, author of the 2016 book Meet Me in Atlantis believes the city was in Morocco. Plato wrote about red and black stone circles around the city. Adams found similar red and black stones in the desert there, very near the Atlantic Ocean.
Most people, however, think Atlantis is simply a story. The purpose of the story may be to teach people not to be greedy. Richard Ellis also wrote a book about Atlantis in 1999. He says “there is not a piece of solid evidence” for a real Atlantis.
So was the island real or not? We only know one thing: The mystery of Atlantis will be with us for a long time.
1. Who was the first to write about Atlantis?A.Plato, the Greek writer. | B.Robert Sarmast. |
C.Mark Adams. | D.Richard Ellis. |
A.Other scientists supported his findings. |
B.Richard Ellis said that Atlantis was not real. |
C.He found out the structures were not man-made. |
D.He published a book titled Meet Me in Atlantis. |
A.There is only one reason to believe the Atlantis story is true. |
B.The story of Atlantis is made up of many small pieces. |
C.Scientists haven’t found anything valuable from Atlantis. |
D.There is nothing to make us believe the Atlantis story is true. |
【推荐1】The 2023 China-Germany Automobile Conference was held in Jilin, Henan and Zhejiang recently. At the conference, people discussed plans for new energy vehicles (NEVs) and collaboration between Germany and China.
China has established a competitive edge in NEVs. In 2022, China’s market share of NEVs accounted for more than 65 percent of the global total, maintaining its position as the world’s leading NEV market for eight years, China Daily reported.
Reflecting on the journey of leading Chinese electric car manufacturer (制造商) BYD, Chairman Wang Chuanfu recalled about 2003 when BYD entered into the NEV industry amid doubts and mockery, as few people back then believed in the future of NEVs. Surprisingly, within a few years, China’s NEV exports increased greatly. In 2022, the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers reported an impressive total export volume of 679,000 NEVs.
In the European market, Chinese brands, such as BYD and Hongqi, have entered the top 50 best-selling motor companies across Europe, The Times reported. Shu Youxing, general manager of BYD International Cooperation Division and the European Automobile Sales Division, said that the company’s pure electric buses have now hit the roads of more than 100 major European cities such as Amsterdam, London and Copenhagen, helping Europeans cut carbon emissions by over 200,000 tons.
NEVs made in China are also popular in Mexico. One local, Israel Aguilar, is deeply impressed. After nearly a year of trying out a Chinese NEV, Aguilar said he may never go back to driving his traditional petrol car, stating that the NEV offers better comfort.
“Technology is truly very important in these times, especially for a vehicle. And it has been truly extraordinary for me to handle these technologies that come from China,” Aguilar told Xinhua.
The thriving global expansion of Chinese NEVs is primarily thanks to the efforts of companies to improve their capability for innovation. One major example of this is China’s drive to become the global leader in making EV batteries, fueled by an advantage in the supply chain and raw materials such as lithium (锂) and cobalt (钴).
1. What can we learn about BYD?A.BYD exports 679, 000 NEVs each year. |
B.BYD suffered hardship in its development. |
C.BYD lost hope due to doubts and mockeries. |
D.BYD always maintains the world’s leading position. |
A.Chinese NEVs can help protect the environment. |
B.Pure electric buses have caused many road accidents. |
C.Importing Chinese NEVs is a main task for The Times. |
D.Only BYD and Hongqi have entered the European market. |
A.Satisfied. | B.Opposed. | C.Unclear. | D.Doubtful. |
A.Cooperation with partners. | B.The big overseas markets. |
C.The ability of creation. | D.Great leaders of the companies. |
【推荐2】The waves were clean and curling one day about ten years ago when surfer Will Rose stepped into the water at Ocean Beach in San Diego, California. Rose was an experienced surfer then in his mid-20s. Midway through his session, he spotted a young surfer, perhaps 10 years old, who’d lost his board and was struggling in a powerful rip current (离岸流). Rose paddled over as the boy was carried underneath a long pier (码头) and s wept rapidly out to sea.
“It was one of the craziest rip currents I’ve ever seen,” Rose recalls.
He traded places with the boy, handing over his board and pushing the younger surfer towards the shore in a breaking wave. Rose held onto a pier pile tightly in the fast-flowing water as a lifeguard hurried over on his own board before helping him back to the beach.
Rose’s act of heroism, new research suggests, is a surprisingly common one for surfers. In a recent survey conducted in New Zealand, scientists found that throughout their lives, surfers reportedly rescue an average of three people who are drowning (溺死) or otherwise struggling in the water. The findings cast new light on the role of surfers: as largely overlooked guardians of the beach.
The study was conducted by Jamie Mead, then a graduate student at Auckland University of Technology in New Zealand. It began with an online survey of 418 surfers from across New Zealand. Processing the responses, Mead found that these surfers were claiming to have participated in a total of 1,274 rescues, including 296 times when they felt they’d saved a person’s life. Of these rescues, 73 percent took place on beaches without lifeguards present. It showed the crucial role surfers have played in protecting beach goers.
The survey responses also show that in nearly nine out of ten rescues, the people the surfers helped required no further treatment after the incident, and probably left no official record or report of the event.
“We need to get surfers the praise they deserve.” Mead says. The research, Mead writes in his paper, suggests that organizations involved in drowning prevention, “Should work closely with surfing communities on ways to reduce deaths at coastal beaches?”
1. What did Will Rose do when he saw the struggling young boy?A.He ignored the boy. | B.He called for help from a nearby lifeguard. |
C.He helped the boy escape the danger. | D.He helped the boy find his lost surfboard. |
A.To highlight the dangers of rip currents. |
B.To show the bravery and skills of experienced surfers. |
C.To stress the potential dangers faced by young surfers. |
D.To exhibit a typical rescue example by experienced surfers. |
A.The findings of Jamie Mead’s study. | B.The purpose of Jamie Mead’s study. |
C.Jamie Mead’s comments on surfers. | D.Jamie Mead’s advice on drowning prevention. |
A.Surfers deserve public praise. |
B.Increased lifeguard coverage is needed. |
C.Beaches are safe with both surfers and lifeguards present. |
D.Drowning prevention efforts need to involve surfing communities. |
The views of the Crimean coast from the top of 1,234-metre high Ai-Petri Mount are amazing. The hanging bridges built in recent years can reach the top of the mount. If just walking across the bridges is not dangerous enough, it also happens to be one of the windiest places in the world. It is said that the bridges blow from side to side as wind speeds reach 170 kilometres per hour for 125 days of the year. It’s also very foggy, so you may not be able to see clearly!
U Bein Bridge, Myanmar
This five-metre-high, 1.2-kilometre wooden footbridge does not look as dangerous as the others, but do not be fooled. It was built in the 1850s and it’s certainly feeling its age! Some of the old wood is not as strong as it used to be. It is easy to lose your footing. Although there is no handrail (栏杆), large numbers of tourists cross it every day. When the tourists arrive in the evening to watch the beautiful sunset, this bridge could become the most dangerous of them all!
The Trift Bridge, Switzerland
At 100 metres high and 170 metres long, this is one of the highest bridges in the world. Built in 2004, the bridge is hidden among the high Swiss Alps. You wouldn’t have wanted to walk across the bridge before its repair in 2009. But if you have the courage to cross this bridge, you’d better do it quickly!
The Hussaini Hanging Bridge, Pakistan
In the mountainous area of Northern Pakistan, the Hussaini Hanging Bridge helps travelers cross the Borit Lake. However, you will not feel too confident when you get close to this bridge. It’s one of the oldest bridges in Pakistan and many locals use it every day to travel to work and school — imagine losing your homework over the side of this bridge! It’s made from rope, with a few pieces of wood that have large gaps (空隙) between them. Step carefully!
1. What can we learn about U Bein Bridge?A.It’s very popular at sunset. |
B.It’s safest for people to cross. |
C.It’s the oldest bridge in the world. |
D.It’s made from rope without handrails. |
A.U Bein Bridge | B.Ai-Petri Bridges |
C.The Trift Bridge | D.The Hussaini Hanging Bridge |
A.All require serious repair. |
B.All top highest in their country. |
C.All have a history of one century. |
D.All require plenty of courage to cross. |