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题型:完形填空 难度:0.65 引用次数:65 题号:18097606

How many times have you complained about airline food being tasteless? New research suggests that, to a large degree, the reason for the “bad food” might just be a change in our ability to perceive taste.

The Fraunhofer Institute, a German research organization, conducted a study on why a dish that would be perfectly ________ in a restaurant would seem unattractive while in the air. In a mock aircraft cabin, researchers tried out ingredients at both sea level and in a pressurized condition.

The air inside an airplane cabin is 15 percent drier than the air that we would ________ breathe while on the ground. In an environment like this, our powers of smell begin to drift away. ________ actually starts to deteriorate the moment we step on a plane. The situation worsens once the airplane begins to climb. In this situation, our nasal cavities swell (肿胀). The swelling messes with our taste buds, making food taste less ________. You know how dining in such conditions can be like if you have ever tried to eat while you are suffering from a cold or the flu. Research has also shown that the lower temperature and air pressure inside of an airplane can make it harder to detect aroma. These airborne molecules (空中的分子), by ________ the nose’s sensory cells, play an important role in the process of tasting.

________, vibrations from the air striking the hull (机身), as well as the roaring of the plane’s engines and the winds outside of it, collectively produce a rather constant “________”, which is equivalent to city traffic. Researchers have found that loud noises ________ our ability to appreciate sweet flavors.

All that being said, “bad food” can’t be blamed solely on the in-cabin conditions. Preparing and serving tasty food for passengers above the clouds is no ________ task. All meals must be cooked on the ground, which demands that the food be robust (味道浓郁的). Such ________ for mass production definitely ties down the chef’s hands.

1.
A.intangibleB.availableC.acceptableD.incredible
2.
A.originallyB.normallyC.respectivelyD.flexibly
3.
A.ScentB.SightC.FlavorD.Breath
4.
A.rewardingB.amusingC.appetizingD.astonishing
5.
A.adjustingB.stimulatingC.evaluatingD.consuming
6.
A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.InsteadD.Moreover
7.
A.movementB.noiseC.strikeD.problem
8.
A.spread outB.hold backC.take awayD.pull over
9.
A.complexB.crucialC.easyD.ethical
10.
A.requirementB.argumentC.improvementD.treatment
【知识点】 科普知识 说明文

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【推荐1】The mental aspect of athletics is underrated. The common expression, “athletics is 90 percent ________ and 10 percent physical, ” is often used by coaches, and stresses that mindsets make a huge ________ in competitions.  

“The physical aspect of the sport can only take you ________, ” said Olympic gold medal-winning gymnast Shannon Miller during an interview with the Dana Foundation. “The mental aspect has to ________, especially when you’re talking about the best of the best. In the Olympic Games, everyone is talented. Everyone ________ hard. Everyone does the work. What ________ the gold medalists from the silver medalists is simply the mental game. ”  

Many athletes have used the technique of mental imagery, or ________, to perform at their best. Research on the brain patterns of ________ found that the patterns activated when a weightlifter lifted heavy weights were activated ________ when they simply imagined lifting and some studies have suggested that mental ________ can be almost as effective as physical training. One study, published in the Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology in 1996, found that ________ weight lifting caused ________ changes in muscle activity.  

“Mental imagery ________ on many cognitive (认知的) processes in the brain:motor control, attention, perception, planning, and memory, ” researcher Angie LeVan wrote in Psychology Today. So the ________ is getting trained for actual performance during visualisation. It’s been found that mental practices can enhance motivation, increase confidence, improve motor performance and ________ your brain for success. ”

________ visualising is more than just thinking about an upcoming event. ________ athletes use visualisation, they truly feel the event taking place in their mind’s eye.  

“During visualisation, she incorporates (整合) all of her ________ into the experience, ” sports psychologist Dr JoAnn Dahlkoetter wrote in a blog post on The Huffington Post ________ a speed skater she works with. “She feels her forefoot pushing off the track, she hears her skating splits, and she sees herself racing ahead of the competitors. She experiences all of the elements of her race ________ before executing (完成) her performance. ”

1.
A.luckyB.intelligentC.mentalD.strategic
2.
A.differenceB.importanceC.improvementD.challenge
3.
A.so longB.so farC.so muchD.so high
4.
A.turn onB.show offC.take upD.set off
5.
A.thinksB.movesC.runsD.trains
6.
A.breaksB.pushesC.decidesD.distinguishes
7.
A.activationB.visualizationC.motivationD.perception
8.
A.athletesB.gymnastsC.weightliftersD.skaters
9.
A.regularlyB.normallyC.finallyD.similarly
10.
A.connectionB.practiceC.performancesD.directions
11.
A.imaginingB.consideringC.reviewingD.dreaming
12.
A.fewB.usualC.actualD.strange
13.
A.impactsB.increasesC.slowsD.follows
14.
A.brainB.bodyC.attentionD.memory
15.
A.helpB.applyC.useD.prepare
16.
A.ThoughB.ButC.ThusD.Otherwise
17.
A.UnlessB.AfterC.WhenD.Until
18.
A.observationsB.spiritC.determinationD.senses
19.
A.toB.forC.aboutD.with
20.
A.in surpriseB.in detailC.on timeD.for example
2021-03-23更新 | 240次组卷
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【推荐2】Imagine your favourite song. Now________the way it makes you feel. Chances are, if you asked a friend how that same song made them feel, they would have the same ________.

Alan Cowen wanted to know whether people who lived in ________ countries would respond that way, too. He thought it was ________that music Americans consider angry would be considered scary by people who lived somewhere else.

Cowen is a researcher. He ________ a study of more than 2500 people in the United States and China. He and his fellow researchers________them many kinds of music.

They found that everyone had pretty much the same________response to the music. For example, “The Star-Spangled Banner” made people feel pride, ________Ed Sheeran’s “Shape of You” made them feel joyful. But even though people in China and the United States felt angry while listening to a________song, says Cowen. “They differed in whether they thought that________was good or bad.”

Past research by other scientists has shown that people across cultures________as many as six basic emotions: fear, anger, surprise, disgust, sadness and happiness. But Cowen’s study identified motional responses or ________ “felt through the language of music”. Perhaps coolest of all, the researchers ________an interactive map of those musical emotions.

Teachers around the world are using this map in their________. It is helping students find newwords to describe their emotions. This ability could help them control their own emotions or better ________ other people’s feelings.

1.
A.depend onB.compare withC.think aboutD.laugh at
2.
A.responseB.directionC.responsibilityD.purpose
3.
A.nativeB.nearbyC.farawayD.different
4.
A.necessaryB.possibleC.convenientD.clear
5.
A.consideredB.requiredC.organizedD.proved
6.
A.playedB.bookedC.taughtD.awarded
7.
A.negativeB.strangeC.helpfulD.emotional
8.
A.soB.ifC.thoughD.while
9.
A.completeB.particularC.sameD.familiar
10.
A.experienceB.programC.arrangementD.progress
11.
A.mixB.demandC.shareD.separate
12.
A.feelingsB.abilitiesC.questionsD.interests
13.
A.createdB.printedC.downloadedD.recognized
14.
A.homesB.officesC.playgroundsD.classrooms
15.
A.admitB.affectC.understandD.decide
2023-06-11更新 | 65次组卷
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【推荐3】When it comes to BMI—the most common measure of obesity—the price is right.

BMI, or body mass index, is ________ by dividing weight in kilograms by your height in meters squared. A result between 18.5 and 24.9 is considered healthy. A BMI of 25 or ________ would then be classified as either overweight or obese.

Medical experts rely on BMI to assess the extent of obesity. The index, however, does not distinguish ________ from muscle or other tissue, and that causes some people to be placed in the wrong category. Very muscular people can be ________ for obese, while those who are tall with a high percentage of body fat can be wrongly ________ as healthy. So why not just replace it with other measures of body fat?

Dual­energy X­ray absorptiometry (DXA) is generally recognized as one of the most ________. The X­ray ________ by differentiating tissue density, so it is able to detect the difference between your body’s muscle, bone and fat ________, the number of which can then be used to calculate your fat percentage. Another ________ that is more familiar to many of you will be the use of body fat scales. They function by passing a subtle ________ current through your body. As muscle contains more water, it ________ electricity better than fat does. The greater the electrical ________, the more body fat you have.

DXA is certainly accurate, but very ________, requiring specialized equipment, which makes it unsuitable for use in large­scale studies. BMI is cheap, simple and generally accurate, and is still a suitable method for ________ the weight and health of entire populations. However, it is not a diagnostic tool for disease risks. If you find that your BMI is high, go to a medical professional and see what that may mean for you and your ________ health risks.

1.
A.appliedB.calculatedC.explainedD.regulated
2.
A.lessB.lowerC.higherD.heavier
3.
A.fatB.organC.healthD.weight
4.
A.announcedB.mistakenC.infectedD.registered
5.
A.appointedB.rewardedC.preferredD.categorized
6.
A.abstractB.impressiveC.preciseD.realistic
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A.existsB.reflectsC.showsD.works
8.
A.contentB.dataC.qualityD.mixture
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A.flowB.deviceC.powerD.resistance
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A.acquiringB.distinguishingC.preventingD.tracking
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A.unexplainedB.potentialC.changeableD.alternative
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