【推荐1】You may have been told before not to be afraid of anything. Fear is often associated with weakness. Fear is something to be avoided.

But that's not true, according to Time For Kids magazine. Fear can be good for us.

Fear tells us about danger. Without fear, we wouldn't know to run away from a tiger or step back from a cliff.

In a study published in the Justice Quarterly journal in August, researchers from Michigan State University said that a healthy fear of crime keeps teenagers away from potentially dangerous people, places and activities.

Fear makes us jump, scream and sweat. But interestingly, sometimes we make ourselves feel fear on purpose. Think about scary books and movies, and also the long lines for a scary roller coaster ride.

Margee Kerr, a US sociologist, explained why to Time For Kids.

Fear fills our brain with healthy chemical substances, especially endorphins and dopamine, and these things create feelings of happiness and excite us, according to Kerr.

In addition, when you're scared, your body produces a chemical which helps people bond with each other.

"Watch people walking out of a haunted house, and you'll see lots of smiles and high fives," Kerr told Time For Kids. That also explains why schools and companies organize challenging trips and physical activities to build up team spirit.

People experience and deal with fear in different ways. If you happen to be a “coward” who gets scared easily, don't worry. There is some evidence that being scared can help a person manage stressful situations. Kerr said that things like giving a presentation in front of your class or performing in a school play help build a sort of endurance to fear that makes us more confident.

“You become more comfortable with the physical experience of fear, and so you are better able to work through it during tense situations,” said Kerr.

So learn to love your fear. It only grows when we forget how helpful our fear is trying to be.

1. What is the article mainly about?

A．The benefits fear brings us.	B．Different ways to deal with fear.
C．People's misunderstandings about fear.	D．A new study about fear.

2. Why is a scary roller coaster ride helpful to people according to the article?

A．It improves people's ability to survive in the world.

B．It makes people less cowardly and more confident in life.

C．It teaches people how to keep away from things that could be dangerous.

D．It causes the brain to produce chemicals that make people happy and excited.

3. The underlined phrase “bond with” in Paragraph 8 is closest in meaning to   _________.

A．pay attention to	B．fight against
C．get closer to	D．be more careful with

4. What is the right attitude toward fear according to the article?

A．Learn to enjoy healthy fear.

B．Experience it as often as possible.

C．Consider it as a sign of weakness.

D．Avoid being involved in scary situations.

【推荐2】Until recently, several lines of evidence—from fossils, genetics, and archaeology—suggested that humans first moved from Africa into Eurasia (the land of Europe and Asia) about 60,000 years ago, quickly replacing other early human species, such as Neanderthals and Denisovans, that they may have met along the way.

However, a series of recent discoveries, including 100,000-year-old human teeth found in a cave in China, have clouded this straightforward statement. And the latest find, a prehistoric jawbone at the Misliya Cave in Israel dating back to nearly 200,000 years ago, which is almost twice as old as any Homo sapiens(智人) remains discovered outside   Africa, where our species was thought to have originated from, has added a new and unexpected twist.

The find suggests that there were multiple waves of migration across Europe and Asia and could also mean that modern humans in the Middle East were interacting, and possibly mating, with other human species for tens of thousands of years. “Misliya breaks the mould (模式) of existing assumptions of the timing of the first known Homo sapiens in these regions,” said Chris Stringer, head of human origins at the Natural History Museum in London. “It’s important in removing a long-lasting constraint(限制) on our thinking.”

Prof. Hershkovitz, who led the work at Tel Aviv University said, “What Misliya tells us is that modern humans left Africa not 100,000 years ago, but 200,000 years ago. This is a revolution in the way we understand the evolution of our own species.” He also added that the record now indicates that humans probably travelled beyond the African continent whenever the climate allowed it. “I don’t believe there was one big departure from Africa,” he said. “I think that throughout hundreds of thousands of years humans were coming in and out of Africa all the time.”

The discovery means that modern humans were potentially meeting and interacting during a longer period with other ancient human groups, providing more opportunity for cultural and biological exchanges. It also raises interesting questions about the fate of the earliest modern human pioneers. Genetic data from modern-day populations around the world strongly suggest that everyone outside Africa can trace their ancestors back to a group that left around 60,000 years ago. So the inhabitants of the Misliya Cave are probably not the ancestors of anyone alive today, and scientists can only guess why their branch of the family tree came to an end.

1. What does the Misliya discovery suggest?

A．Our ancestors were powerful and kind of agreesive.

B．Our ancestors left Africa much earlier than thought.

C．The origins of modern humans are from Europe.

D．Homo sapiens, Neanderthals and Denisovans once lived together.

2. What does the underlined word “they” refer to in Para.   One?

A．Early human species living in Europe

B．Neanderthals and Denisovans.

C．People first moving from Africa into Eurasia.

D．Ancient people living in Africa all the time.

3. What can be learned from Prof. Hershkovitz’s words in Para. 4?

A．Climate was a big factor in human migration from Africa.

B．There was a large-scale human migration from Africa.

C．Human migration was occasional in Africa 200,000 years ago.

D．The Misliya find is against our understanding of human evolution.

4. What can we infer about those living in Misliya 200,000 years ago according to the last   paragraph?

A．They were ancestors of people living in China.

B．They left evidence for their mysterious disappearance in history.

C．They probably contributed little to present-day people genetically.

D．They could be traced by their remains left on their travelling route.

【推荐3】Many people draw wildlife into their backyards by putting out birdseed,small pieces of bread,and other food sources,but experts say doing so can lead to trouble.

Feeding sites bring many different kinds of animals into the same small area,which can turn into a hotbed for the spread of diseases and parasites(寄生虫),says Jeannine Fleegle.He is a wildlife biologist for the Pennsylvania Game Commission.

For example,scientists highly doubt that a deadly disease affecting deer is spread by exposure to urine(小便),saliva,and wastes."Feed used to attract deer will draw turkeys,squirrels,and so on,directly or indirectly,"says Fleegle."And just as feeding sites increase the risk of the outbreak and spread of diseases in deer,these sites will do the same for other species."

"Feeding wildlife is generally a bad idea,no matter what the species or where you are,"says Fleegle.

Wild animals are not pets.Sometimes,the animals can look every bit as cute as a family pet. But all wild animals,even the small ones,are able to cause harm.In fact,food-seeking squirrels bite more people than any other animal in Grand Canyon National Park.

Nutrition is another important factor to consider when deciding whether or not to feed wildlife.Animals will often make use of a reliable or easy food source even if it isn't one that suits their nutritional needs.For example,feeding deer a lot of corn can disturb the natural balance of acid in the animals'stomachs and lead to a condition called grain overload.

Feeding can also change the ways animals move throughout a landscape,affecting their living areas.More animals in one spot can also lead to more fighting and injuries.

So,what about birdfeeders?Just like any other kind of food station,birdfeeders can be wrongdoers in spreading disease.However,it must be pointed out that birdfeeders can also be helpful for biodiversity(生物多样性).In a study recently published in the journal Nature Communications,it has been confirmed.

1. What's the function of the first paragraph?

A．To give us some real examples.	B．To introduce the topic of this text.
C．To introduce the writing background.	D．To give us some different viewpoints.

2. What does Fleegle mean by his words in Paragraph 3?

A．Feeding is really harmful to certain species.

B．Many other animals often fight against deer for food.

C．Some feeding sites are too small to hold groups of animals.

D．Diseases spread easily among animals at the same feeding site.

3. What results may feeding wild animals bring about?
①It can cause harm to humans.②It will greatly improve the biodiversity.
③It could disturb and destroy the balance of nature.
④It might make wild animals get unbalanced nutrition.
⑤It may affect the living areas of animals and cause fighting.

A．①②③

B．②③④

C．①④⑤

D．②④⑤

4. What does the last paragraph imply?

A．Most studies support birdfeeders.

B．Birdfeeders have both good and bad sides.

C．Scientists have proved the harm of feeding birds.

D．Birds have a better ability to prevent diseases than deer.