组卷网 > 高中英语综合库 > 主题 > 人与社会 > 科普与现代技术 > 科普知识
题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:727 题号:18547114

You might have heard someone say that a song changed their life. And maybe you used to hate tomatoes, but now you like it. No one doubts that we change as we grow older. But do we change in major ways? Can we really change who we are? People used to believe we stay pretty much the same throughout our lives, but researchers are increasingly finding that we can and do change in big ways.

Psychologists have identified five dimensions that help us understand someone’s personality, which are called the “Big Five.” They are: 1. Openness: How open are you to trying new things? 2. Conscientiousness (尽责性): How responsible are you? 3. Extroversion (外向):How friendly, outgoing, and enthusiastic are you? 4. Agreeableness: How caring, trusting, and generous are you? 5. Emotional stability: How calm are you, especially when problems arise? Everyone has different levels of the big five dimensions. For example, Harry Potter has high levels of openness to experience, while Hermione Granger would score high in conscientiousness.

Scientists used to think that each person’s “Big Five” stayed the same their whole life, but newer research suggests that the dimensions do change. People who took a personality test as teen-agers scored very differently when they took the same test 50 years later. Three dimensions usually changed more than the others, which are emotional stability, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. In fact, most adults were more emotionally stable, more conscientious, and more agreeable than when they were younger. Researchers considered this a sign that we mature over time, perhaps learning to get along better with others.

Even though people change over time, the relationship between dimensions often remains similar. For example, someone who was very open to new experiences but who was not agreeable as a teenager was likely still more open to new things than agreeable as an adult. Scores changed, and sometimes changed a lot, but they didn’t change randomly.

1. Why does the author mention Harry Potter and Hermione Granger in Paragraph 2?
A.To identify the impact of the big five dimensions.
B.To stress the value of openness and responsibility.
C.To analyze some main characters in popular fiction.
D.To illustrate various degrees of personality dimensions.
2. Which of the following is the most likely result of people’s aging?
A.Becoming more hot-tempered.B.Becoming more considerate.
C.Becoming less responsible.D.Becoming less generous.
3. What does the last paragraph suggest about one’s personality dimensions?
A.Personality dimensions change accidentally.
B.One is likely to be more open than agreeable.
C.Relationship between dimensions stays unchanged.
D.Changes in personality dimensions follow some pattern.
4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A.The Effects of Changing.B.What Are the “Big Five”?
C.Do People Really Change?D.Personality Dimensions Matter.
【知识点】 科普知识 说明文

相似题推荐

阅读理解-阅读单选(约300词) | 适中 (0.65)
文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了密歇根大学的研究人员进行的一项研究发现,与那些只浏览而不购物的人相比,通过购物来缓解压力的效果要高出40倍,购物者的悲伤程度也要低三倍。同时,通过购物来减轻压力可以让你的血压降低,从而帮助你过上更健康的生活。

【推荐1】A study done by University of Michigan researchers found that shopping to relieve stress was up to 40 times more effective at giving people a sense of control and that shoppers were three times less sad compared to those who only browsed for items without buying.

More than half of the 1,000 consumers surveyed said they had impulsively (冲动地) shopped to deal with feelings of stress, anxiety or depression. Twenty-three percent of respondents said they had maxed out a credit card to relieve stress.

In terms of age, 68 percent of Millennials (千禧一代) said they would go shopping when having stress, compared to 53 percent of Gen Xers, who were born between 1965 and 1976, and only 26 percent of baby boomers born after World War Ⅱ.

In regards to genders, 48 percent of men and 31 percent of women purchased alcohol impulsively when stressed. Eighty-two percent of women spent on clothing compared to 52 percent of men. 42 percent of women also preferred to buy jewellery, compared to 22 percent for men, with men spending more for electronics 44 percent versus 30 percent for women.

In fact, shopping to reduce stress can actully help you live a healthier life by making sure that your blood pressure is lowered. The survey found that 82 percent had only positive feelings about their purchases and that the positive mood boost was long-lasting. Shopping to relieve stress is also called retail therapy as a form of regulating stress. However, the side effect of it can start out as a relatively harmless mood booster but could possibly grow into a compulsion (冲动) that causes financial collapse and conflict, thereby adding a significant amount of stress to a person’s life.

1. What can we infer about the finding of the study?
A.Shopping was three times more effective to relieve stress.
B.23 percent of respondents maxed out a credit card to relieve stress.
C.Younger people tended to go shopping to relieve stress.
D.Most men preferred alcohol and electronics to relieve stress.
2. How does the author develop the finding of the study in paragraph 4?
A.By clarifying a concept.B.By presenting a fact.C.By making an argument.D.By making a comparison.
3. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A.The retail therapy.B.The stress regulation.C.The mood booster.D.The shopping survey.
4. What is the author’s purpose of writing this article?
A.To share people’s preferences for shopping.B.To introduce the effect of shopping.
C.To recommend ways of shopping.D.To show the popularity of shopping.
2022-12-15更新 | 109次组卷
阅读理解-七选五(约190词) | 适中 (0.65)
名校
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一月的满月在北美被称为狼月的由来及狼嚎的意义。

【推荐2】In ancient times, people tracked the seasons by following the lunar months. Many times, the names of the moons were related with what features the seasons had.    1    It is a special name with a history dating back to Native American tribes (部落). The name is also thought to have a Celtic origin, brought over to North America by European settlers.

Regardless of where the name Wolf Moon comes from, wolves howl (嚎叫) to communicate over long distances both in North America and in Europe. It is a way of saying “here I am” to the rest of the pack or “stay away” to enemies.    2    As the late summer moves towards fall, wolves call more and more to neighbors and enemies.

    3    However, howls by a pack can last from 30 to 120 second, and longer during the breeding (繁殖) season. As a result, wolves are particularly loud in the first month of the year.    4    

Science has not shown that the Moon phase (月相) plays any particular part in the calls of wolves, but wolves are animals that are in general more active at night.    5    They point their faces toward the sky because projecting their howls upward carries the sound farther.

A.They are energetic in January.
B.Wolves howl in the direction of the Moon.
C.In spring and early summer, wolves howl to seek mates.
D.An average howl from a single wolf lasts from 3 to 7 seconds.
E.That is probably why people related January with howling wolves.
F.It doesn’t quite fit in with the traditional Full Moon naming system.
G.January’s Full Moon in North America is known as the Wolf Moon.
2023-12-30更新 | 61次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约400词) | 适中 (0.65)
名校

【推荐3】By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.

At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.

Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.

Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing.” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”

And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.

Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.

1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A.The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B.The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C.The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D.The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
2. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Sensitive.B.Beneficial.
C.Significant.D.Unnoticeable.
3. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B.To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C.To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D.To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
2021-10-27更新 | 93次组卷
共计 平均难度:一般