If you’ve ever had a dog, you know just how deep a connection you can develop with “man’s best friend“. But a dog’s life is much shorter than humans, about 12 to 15 years long, which means every dog owner has to go through the heartbreaking moment when their loving pet passes away.
Why not make a clone of that dog then? This is the solution offered by a South Korean company, Sooam Biotech Research Foundation. The company has already successfully cloned at least 400 dogs, mostly for US customers, ever since it pioneered the technique in 2005. Now, Sooam Biotech has introduced its business to UK dog owners as well, offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones.
To clone a dog, researchers first need to take a skin cell from a living dog or one that has just died. Meanwhile, another dog is selected to supply an egg. Researchers then replace the DNA in the egg with that from the skin cell and implant the egg into the womb of a female dog. The egg grows into a puppy over the following two months.
The whole process takes less than a day, but it comes at a shockingly high price-around £ 63,000. But if you can’t afford it now, you can also save the cell in a laboratory and access it at a later date.
However, magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect copy of the original one. Just like identical twins of humans, they share the exactly same DNA but there will still be small differences between them. “The spots on a Dalmatian clone will be different, for example,” Insung Hwang, head of Sooam Biotech, told The Guardian.
Dog owners will also have to accept the fact that personality is not “clone-able”. Apart from genes, personality is also determined by upbringing and environment, which are both random elements that cloning technologies simply cannot overcome, Professor Tom Kirkwood at Newcastle University, UK, told The Telegraph.
Perhaps bringing our dogs back by cloning is not the best way to remember them after all. Kirkwood, a dog owner himself, pointed out, “An important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”
1. What service does Sooam Biotech Research Foundation offer?A.Making copies of pet dogs. | B.Giving pet dogs identical twins. |
C.Helping dogs give birth to more puppies. | D.Helping dog owners love their dogs more. |
a. An egg is taken from another dog.
b. A skin cell is taken from the pet dog.
c. The egg grows into a puppy in two months.
d. The egg is placed in the womb of a female dog.
e. The DNA in the egg is replaced by the DNA from the skin cell.
A.a→d→b→e→c | B.a→e→b→ c | C.b→a→d→e→c | D.b→a→e→d→c |
A.It has not been put into practice until recently. |
B.It is very popular among US and UK pet owners. |
C.It might not give the owners an exactly same dog. |
D.It is very expensive and usually takes half a year to complete. |
A.negative | B.supportive | C.unconcerned | D.critical |
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【推荐1】Horsemen will always tell you that horses sense emotions(情感),especially fear. Now a new small study says not only can horses sense human emotions, they can also read human expressions and remember them for later.
Researchers at the universities in the UK held experiments in which horses were shown large photos of either an angry or a happy person. Several hours later, the horses met that man in person but with no expression.
However, the horses reacted based on how they saw the man in the photo, turning their look in a certain direction. When horses saw the person they had seen wearing an angry look in the photo, they spent more time looking with the left eye. They also showed signs of anxiety(焦虑). But when the horses saw the person they had seen smiling in the photo, they spent more time looking with the right eye.
“What we've found is that horses can not only read human facial expressions, but they can also remember a person's previous (先前的) emotional state when they meet them later that day, and, importantly, that they change their behavior accordingly," Professor Karen McComb from the University of Sussex said in a statement.
The horses seemed to have made a quick judgment on the person based only on the expression in the photo. The researchers believe having this ability helps horses with social bonding and avoid possible dangers.
“It is quite an amazing result really,” McComb told The Guardian. “It is really interesting that animals are picking up on the detailed emotional expressions that humans are showing on a moment—to—moment basis.
Importantly in taking that information in, they don't forget it, but they use it—they have a memory for the emotional states that they have seen in humans and they use that information.”
1. What can be learned about the experiment?A.Horses looked at previously happy people with the right eye. |
B.Horses refused to see people with no expression. |
C.Horses showed curiosity about unhappy expressions. |
D.Horses preferred to see the photos of happy people. |
A.They can run much faster. |
B.They can better protect themselves. |
C.They can have a smarter brain. |
D.They can better express themselves. |
A.The information. | B.The ability. |
C.The moment. | D.The result. |
A.Horses have a talent for judging photos. |
B.Horses have the same emotions just as human beings. |
C.Horses can read human expressions and learn from them. |
D.Horses can remember and react to people' s previous look. |
【推荐2】When most people go to the famous amusement parks in Orlando, Florida, they miss some of the natural wonders the State has to offer. It was in Citrus County on the beautiful west coast of Florida that we went to see the manatee (海牛), which occupies coastal waters and rivers.
Our days started early in the morning at Homosassa Springs. We boarded a boat with Captain Traci Wood from Native Vacations. Having spotted two manatees just below the water, Captain Traci stopped the boat as they slowly swam toward us. They used their tails to drive themselves, steering with their flippers(脚蹼), gracefully moving their bodies through the water in our direction. Our boat was soon surrounded by other members of this gentle species.
Soon we continued our journey. Within a few minutes Captain Traci stopped the boat again and we were given instructions. Whatever you do, she said, remember the three golden rules: minimize splash (拍水) noise; act with very slow movements; and when you touch one of these friendly, gentle grey giants on the back or stomach, never touch with more than one hand at a time. The Endangered Species Act forbids touching a manatee unless it touches you first, and they will let you know. The protection of this endangered species is taken very seriously. But this won’t affect the experience in the least. Most Homosassa manatees are very social and will come to you.
Manatees feed strictly on plants, and they eat a great variety of species, including hyacinth and water lettuce. They’re very big, measuring 3 to 5 metres and weighing as much as 1,600 kilos. Despite this, they look very cute. Manatees are of course wild creatures, although when face to face with them, you’re unlikely to feel any fear.
From December to March, groups of manatees escape the cold winter ocean and bathe in the warm waters near power plants and coastal springs that stay about 23 degrees year-round. Divers and swimmers come to Florida from all over the world for a chance to swim or interact with the manatee in its natural environment, rich in marine vegetation. This rich source of food makes this area an ideal place for the manatees. So the manatees arrive every year by the hundreds to find warmth, nourishment(营养) and maybe, just maybe, to visit us, the curious humans.
1. According to Captain Traci, those who swim with manatees mustn’t________.A.be under the age of twelve | B.make any noise to annoy them |
C.swim so slowly as to be caught by them | D.touch them with both hands at the same time |
A.They live on other sea animals. | B.They are not dangerous to humans. |
C.They remain curious about humans. | D.They are among the biggest sea animals. |
A.To stay away from the cold weather. | B.To interact with human beings. |
C.To give birth to their babies. | D.To clean their bodies. |
【推荐3】In March 2013, on a rainy night, my partner Reece remembered that he had forgotten a box in his car and went out to get it. On his way back inside he noticed a small shadow moving on the driveway. As Reece moved towards the shadow, he realised it was a young hedgehog(刺猬), all wet in the grass,eating mud. He quickly removed his jacket and picked it up. The hedgehog was very weak and unable to move about quickly. He didn’t seem to be frightened, nor did he resist being lifted.
Once inside, Reece called out to me, saying that he had something that would make my heart melt-he was right! We named the hedgehog Alf, and this little creature was amazingly intelligent. Not only did he learn to cat his dinner and drink water from his bowls, and use a paper-covered mat for his “business”, but he also learnt to wait for us inside his little indoor house and also jump into his pet carrier whenever we took him out with us. Alf knows us very well and recognises both our voices Unfortunately.in April 2014. I was caught in a car accident and had to spend two months in Auckland City Hospital. And I really missed Alf. Reece told me that Alf had been searching around the house for me, checking in places where I’d normally be, such as my desk, my favourite seat in front of the TV and even my side of the bed.
One evening, Reece set up a video call for me from my hospital bed and I was extremely happy when I saw the little guy appear on my phone. When I told Alf that I would be home soon, he started moving his head and holding out his arms as if trying to reach me through the screen.
The fact that Alf recognised that it was me, gave me the strength to get through my recovery. I cannot describe the feeling when I arrived home and saw his little face again.
1. How was the hedgehog when he was found?A.He was pitiful. | B.He was scared. |
C.He was spirited. | D.He was aggressive. |
A.He fell seriously ill. | B.He learnt to play games. |
C.He attempted to find her. | D.He made a mess of the house. |
A.Alf was trained as an actor. |
B.Alf showed the author a video. |
C.Alf helped lift the author’s spirits. |
D.Alf kept the author company in hospital. |
A.Alf saves the day | B.An unfortunate accident |
C.Hedgehog hugs and kisses | D.Clever pets, human friends |
JIUQUAN, Gansu Province, Sept. 6 (Xinhua) — China’s manned spacecraft Shenzhou-7 will be launched at an appropriate time between Sept. 25 and 30 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern Gansu Province, a spokesman said here on Saturday. The mission will accomplish the first spacewalk by Chinese astronauts.
“All the major systems involved in the launching are now in the final preparation. The main tests for the spacecraft, the Long-March II-F rocket, suits for the space walk and a satellite accompanying the fly have also been finished, ” said the spokesman.
In addition, the ground control system is fully prepared, including the launch site, the landing site, and the communication for observation and control.
When Shenzhou-7 enters its orbit, one of the three taikonauts will conduct a space walk, said Zhao Changxi, a senior scientist with the project, earlier.
According to Zhao, cameras would be fixed outside and inside of the ship for live broadcasting of the space walk.
While the last mission of Shenzhou-6, with a crew of two, was aimed at several days of manned flight, this time the task might be more stringent as one of its main goals is the space walk.
Earlier reports said a crew of six astronauts had been chosen for the mission, with three manning the spacecraft and three substitutes.
China successfully put two manned spacecrafts into orbit in 2003 and 2005 respectively, becoming the third country to send an astronaut into space after the United States and the former Soviet Union (now Russia).
1. What is the main idea of the passage?A.Shenzhou 7 is better equipped than the last two spaceships. |
B.Shenzhou 7 will be more successful than the last two launches. |
C.All the systems involved in the launching have been prepared. |
D.China is ready for the launching of SHenzhou 7. |
A.This will be the third time for Chinese astronauts to have a space walk. |
B.Three of the six astronauts chosen for the mission will walk in space |
C.The space walk will be live broadcast on TV |
D.Everything has been prepared except communication system |
【推荐2】A company Watergen has created a machine that can produce clean and drinkable water out of air. The device, called GENNY, is small enough to be used in a home or office but can produce up to 30 liters of water a day.
GENNY takes air in and passes through a filter (过滤器) to remove dust and dirt. The filter is powerful enough to work with high air pollution. The air is directed through GENIUS, a heating and cooling process which causes water in the air to condense(凝结). This water is then passed through several more filters and minerals are added to improve the flavor of the water. Finally, the water is stored in a tank to keep it fresh. Therefore, the water produced by GENNY is often of a higher quality than water running through filtration systems attached to the city’s water lines.
The technology of GENIUS is much better than other technologies that produce water from air. It produces four to five times more water per kilowatt-hour. Watergen has other products that use this same technology on a larger scale, the largest of which can produce up to 5,000 liters of water per day.
As an added bonus, during the water production process, GENNY can send out clean air which is healthier for people to breathe.
At the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, GENNY was named the Energy Efficient Product of the Year. The award series recognize the world’s top high-tech home products.
Last year, Watergen’s large-scale products were donated to authorities in Brazil, Vietnam and India for people to use. They also assisted rescue and recovery efforts during the 2018 California wildfires and provided clean and safe water for the residents of Texas and Florida due to the result of the destruction caused by hurricanes Harvey and Irma.
1. What do we know about GENNY?A.The water is stored in GENIUS. |
B.GENNY can be used to clean rivers. |
C.GENIUS is a heating and cooling process. |
D.The water produced by GENNY is more nutritious. |
A.It can absorb dirty air. | B.It can give off clean air. |
C.It can blow off polluted air. | D.It can identify the quality of air. |
A.It can make water taste much better. |
B.It can keep water fresh for a longer time. |
C.It can kill harmful bacteria more efficiently. |
D.It can produce much more water per kilowatt-hour. |
A.The practical use of Watergen’s products. |
B.The characteristics of Watergen’s products. |
C.The disadvantages of Watergen’s products. |
D.The market response to Watergen’s products. |
【推荐3】Robots are smart. With their computer brains, they help people work in dangerous places or do difficult jobs. Some robots do regular jobs. Bobby, the mail carrier, brings mails to a large office building in Washington D.C. He is one of 250 mail carriers in the United States.
Mr. Leachim, who weighs two hundred pounds and is six feet tall, has some advantages as a teacher. One is that he does not forget details. He knows each child’s name, the parents’ names and what each child knows and needs to know. In addition, he knows each child’s pets and hobbies. Mr. Leachim does not make mistakes. Each child goes and tells him his or her name, then dials an identification number. His computer brain puts each child’s voice and number together. He identifies the children with no mistakes. Then he starts the lesson.
Another advantage is that Mr. Leachim is flexible. If the children need more time to do their lessons they can move switches. In this way they can repeat Mr. Leachim’s lesson over and over again. When the children do a good job, he tells them something interesting about their hobbies. At the end of the lesson the children switch Mr. Leachim off.
1. The first paragraph of the passage tells us________.A.human beings are not as smart as robots |
B.robots will take the place of man to rule the earth |
C.we can only use robots to do some regular jobs |
D.robots can help people in many different ways |
A.knowledge | B.appearance |
C.advantages | D.energy |
A.To meet the needs of each student. |
B.To talk to the students in different languages. |
C.To keep everyone’s interest in his lessons. |
D.To introduce more hobbies to the children. |
A.There are 250 robot teachers in the United States. |
B.Mr. Leachim is run and controlled by electricity. |
C.Bobby works in a large office building in Washington D.C. |
D.The lessons taught by Mr. Leachim are given on a TV set. |
【推荐1】Dragging a sleigh loaded with enough presents for the world's children can be no easy skill. But, since ancient times, the duty has been performed by a team of beloved reindeer.
Soon, however, we may have to start looking around for a stronger type of animal, as new research shows the species is becoming increasingly puny. A 16-year survey on the arctic Norwegian islands, Svalbard, found the reindeer there have declined in weight by an alarming 12 percent.
The reduction in average body weight is being blamed on global warming. In the research presented lately at a meeting of the British Ecological Society in Liverpool, scientists have explained how upward temperatures are robbing female reindeer of nutrients during important periods of pregnancy.
Snow in Svalbard typically covers the ground for eight months of a year, which, combined with low temperatures, limits grass growth to June and July. But as summer temperatures increase by around 1.5 ℃, grass has become more productive, allowing female reindeer to gain more weight by autumn and therefore to have more babies. However, winters have brought with them greater rainfall which freezes when it settles on the snow. Reindeer can often access the poor food sources beneath the snow by clearing it away with their antlers(鹿角), but they cannot break through the hard ice. As a result, female reindeer are becoming starved, causing them to lose their babies or give birth to the much lighter young.
Despite the findings, reindeer appear to be suffering less from the effect of climate change than some other arctic species. Last week the scientists warned that a third of the world's polar bears could disappear in the next 40 years.
1. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “puny” in Paragraph 2?A.Strong. | B.Mature. |
C.Heavy. | D.Weak. |
A.The temperature is getting low. |
B.They give birth to more babies. |
C.Grass grows well during the period. |
D.They often break through the hard ice. |
A.Climate change has little effect on reindeer. |
B.Polar bears suffer more from climate change. |
C.Reindeer have no trouble finding food in winter. |
D.Polar bears will disappear totally in the near future. |
A.The duty of dragging a sleigh will not be carried out by reindeer. |
B.Reindeer have decreased in weight owing to global warming. |
C.Global warming contributes to more young reindeer. |
D.Many arctic species are at the risk of dying out. |
【推荐2】As the world’s population continues to increase, so does the amount of global waste people produce. According to data collected by the World Bank Group, nations are on pace to generate 4 billion tons of waste annually by the year 2100. Many experts are calling the problem of global waste a worldwide health crisis because the waste is ruining the world’s oceans, air and soil and endangering the health of all living things.
For years, government agencies have been telling citizens that living a zero-waste lifestyle is the way to go. Now some grocery stores are helping people do that.
Most grocery stores produce waste when they throw away food and packaging material. In some cases, the food consists of fruit and vegetables that don’t look good any more. In other cases, it’s packaged food that is nearing the “sell-by” date printed on the package. After the sell-by date passes, the food is not considered safe to eat. Thus, many stores throw out unsold packaged food before that date arrives.
To solve this problem, business people are opening smaller zero-waste grocery stores. Instead of selling food in packages, these stores offer it in open containers. Customers bring their own bags or clean containers to the store. There, they fill their bags or containers with everything from nuts and grains to oil and vinegar. They pay for only the amount of each product that they need. Zero-waste stores often sell fruit and vegetables as well. When these goods start to look old, they’re sold at a discount or donated to a charity. Inspired by these smaller zero-waste grocery stores, some large supermarkets are taking similar steps to reduce the amount of waste that they produce.
1. What causes some produce to be thrown away?A.Poor sales performance. |
B.Lack of visual attraction. |
C.No printed sell-by date. |
D.Ruined packaging material. |
A.Packaged food is available there. |
B.Nuts and grains are free of charge there. |
C.The fruit there is donated from a charity. |
D.Their customers can bring empty glass jars. |
A.Taking steps to regulate smaller stores. |
B.Following the example of smaller stores. |
C.Establishing partnerships with smaller stores. |
D.Putting several smaller stores out of business. |
A.Guide to Outdoor Recreation. |
B.Best Craft and Hobby Magazine. |
C.Journal of American Literary Research. |
D.Weekly Bulletin of Environmental News. |
【推荐3】A Walking Tour in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado
Rocky Mountain National Park covens about 41 square miles with dozens of mountain peaks. More than 250 species of birds will delight your senses and more than 900 types of wildflowers will keep you marveling(感到惊奇)a their beauty.
Your Colorado walking tour officially begins. To ensure that you arrive on time we strongly suggest that arrive one day before the departure date.
Day 1 The trip begins a 1:00 p. m. Travel by bus to Rocky Mountain National Park. Check in our accommodations,enjoy a fresh lunch and head into the park for our first hike.
Day 2 During today’s hike we will cover 3.8 mile. We’ll stop to enjoy both “The Pool” and Fern Falls on our way to Fern Lake. You’ll enjoy every minute of today’s hike and then spend a relaxing evening n the town of Estes Park.
Day 3 Glacier Gorge .the main section of the Park, has some of the most beautiful attractions in the Park. Today we’ll push our boots u the trail to Black Lake,about 4.7 miles. With views of Longs Peak, we’ll hike Past a major waterfall and several smaller lakes before arriving at Black Lake.
Day 4 Today we’ll head t1o Wild Basin, southeast of the main park area, for a hike to Ouzel Lake. Wild Basin traverses(穿过)through Aspen forest past rushing streams, to a high mountain lake where we will enjoy a picnic lunch.
Day 5 The Flat Top Mountain area will delight your senses with thick forests and meadows of abundant wildflower Our feet will carry u for about 8.8 miles.
Day 6 Catch the Estes Park Shuttle to Denver International Airport or continue on your own to other adventures!
1. Where will people sleep on the second day?A.By Black Lake. | B.By Fem Lake. |
C.On Flat Top Mountain. | D.In the town of Estes Park. |
A.Day 1. | B.Day 2. | C.Day 3. | D.Day 4. |
A.Lots of flowers. | B.Major waterfall. | C.Rushing streams. | D.A lake. |