组卷网 > 高中英语综合库 > 主题 > 人与社会 > 科普与现代技术 > 科普知识
题型:完形填空 难度:0.65 引用次数:35 题号:18679247

What’s your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television programme? Adults seldom _________ events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four _________ retain (记住) any specific, personal experiences.

A variety of explanations have been _________ by psychologists for this “childhood amnesia” (儿童失忆症). One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature _________ about the age of two. But the most popular theory maintains that, since adults do not think like children, they cannot _________ childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or _________ - one event follows another as in a novel or film. _________ when they search through their mental _________ for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don’t find any that fit the _________. It’s like trying to find a Chinese work in an English dictionary.

Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new ____________ for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply aren’t any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use ____________ spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term ____________of them into long-term memories. In other words, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about ____________ - Mother talking about the afternoon ____________ looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this ____________ reinforcement (强化), says Dr. Simms, children cannot form permanent memories of their personal experiences.

1.
A.recallB.resolveC.involveD.interpret
2.
A.merelyB.reallyC.largelyD.rarely
3.
A.proposedB.witnessedC.canceledD.figured
4.
A.afterB.sinceC.untilD.once
5.
A.accessB.referC.reflectD.attain
6.
A.regulationsB.descriptionsC.narrativesD.forecasts
7.
A.OtherwiseB.WhileC.SoD.But
8.
A.flashesB.filesC.outputsD.dreams
9.
A.frameB.landscapeC.footstepD.pattern
10.
A.explanationB.factorC.emphasisD.arrangement
11.
A.some elseB.someone else’sC.anyone elseD.anyone else’s
12.
A.impressions B.expectationsC.experiencesD.implications
13.
A.itB.themC.himD.theirs
14.
A.processedB.spentC.rewardedD.destroyed
15.
A.delicateB.mutualC.habitualD.verbal
【知识点】 科普知识 说明文

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【推荐1】My father decided to start learning French when he was 57. On the surface, his retirement hobby seems a little random — our family has no connection to French-speaking countries — but his ______ ran deeper than a passion for cakes. My grandmother developed signs of Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔兹海默症) in her early 70s, and studies suggest that being bilingual, that is, being able to speak two languages equally well, can ______ the start of the condition by up to five years. Drawn by that ______ benefit, many people have attempted to pick up a new language in adulthood.

Lots of activities are linked to better brain health in old age, like getting more education when you’re younger and physical activity. Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially ______ though. “We use language in all aspects of daily life, so a bilingual brain is ______ working,” said Mark Antoniou, a professor at Western Sydney University who specializes in bilingualism.

The age at which you learn another language appears to be less important than how ______ you speak it. The cognitive (认知的) benefit is from having to ______ your mother tongue, which your brain is forced to do if you’re trying to recall the right words in another language. So if the second language is used a lot, you’re getting that cognitive ______. That process is called cognitive inhibition. In theory, by improving these types of processes, the brain becomes stronger to the ______ caused by diseases like dementia. The stronger your mental power, the thinking goes, the longer you can function normally, even if your brain health starts to ______.

However, evidence for the benefits of learning a second language as a hobby in your 60s is ______. Research by Dr. Antoniou and colleagues found that while Chinese adults 60 and up improved on cognition tests after a six-month language learning program, people who played games like Sudoku did as well. Two more recent studies on the topic found virtually no ______ in cognitive performance after people took part in language-learning programs.

The scientists who conducted those studies offered a few potential ______. One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers, who may have already been at peak performance for their age, making it hard to see any ______. Another is that the language interventions were perhaps too short. The handful of studies looking into the issue have used language lessons that were very different in their ______ and frequency. Some studies taught participants for eight months, others for just one very intense week.

1.
A.affectionB.contributionC.motivationD.struggle
2.
A.delayB.preventC.signalD.stimulate
3.
A.additionalB.educationalC.lastingD.potential
4.
A.beneficialB.commonC.impracticalD.rare
5.
A.carelesslyB.constantlyC.creativelyD.delicately
6.
A.longB.oftenC.soonD.well
7.
A.commandB.practiceC.restrictD.spread
8.
A.functionB.psychologyC.systemD.training
9.
A.damagesB.operationsC.painsD.signs
10.
A.declineB.improveC.matterD.restore
11.
A.availableB.mountingC.strongerD.weaker
12.
A.differenceB.involvementC.pointD.reduction
13.
A.applicationsB.explanationsC.findingsD.suggestions
14.
A.diversitiesB.improvementsC.outcomesD.possibilities
15.
A.contentB.intentionC.lengthD.requirement
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【推荐2】You can actually catch a good mood or a bad mood from your friends, according to a recent study in the journal Royal Society Open Science. But that shouldn’t stop you from_________ with pals who are frustrated, say the study authors: _________, the effect isn’t large enough to push you into depression.

The new study adds to a growing body of research suggesting that happiness and sadness—as well as lifestyle and behavioral factors like smoking, drinking, obesity, fitness habits and even the ability to concentrate—can_________ across social networks, both online and in real life. But while many_________ studies have only looked at friendship data at one point in time, this is one of the few that measured social and mood changes over time.

The new research involved groups of junior-high and high-school students who took part in_________ screenings(筛查)and answered questions about their best friends, many of whom were also enrolled in the study. In total, 2,194 students were included in the_________, which used a mathematical model to look for connections among friend networks.

Overall, kids whose friends suffered from bad moods were more_________ to report bad moods themselves—and they were less likely to have improved when they were screened again six months to a year later. When people had more happy friends, _________ their moods were more likely to improve over time.

Some symptoms related to depression—like helplessness, tiredness and loss of interest—also seemed to follow this_________, which scientists call “social contagion”. But this isn’t something that people need to____________, says lead author Robert Eyre, a doctoral student at the University of Warwick. Rather, it’s likely just a “normal empathetic response that we’re all familiar with, and something we recognize by common sense,” he says. In other words, when a friend is going through a rough patch, it makes sense that you’ll feel some of their depression, and it’s certainly not a reason to stay away.

1.
A.keeping upB.making offC.hanging outD.taking off
2.
A.ThankfullyB.ParticularlyC.HopefullyD.Totally
3.
A.increaseB.generateC.delayD.spread
4.
A.growingB.previousC.realD.large-scale
5.
A.depressionB.anxietyC.angerD.friendship
6.
A.assessmentB.examinationC.analysisD.exercise
7.
A.willingB.reluctantC.ableD.likely
8.
A.what’s worseB.as a resultC.in generalD.likewise
9.
A.predictionB.patternC.reportD.advance
10.
A.take into accountB.look forC.rely onD.put forward
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【推荐3】Nathan Cornblatt is a 12-year-old seventh-grader at Georgetown Day School-in Washington, U. S. . In the fourth grade, he got in trouble at school once for drawing someone with green hair when it was _______ to be brown.

_______ , Nathan was not a troublemaker He is just “colorblind”. Though his friends say Nathan is “colorblind,” the scientific _______ for his condition is “color vision deficiency(缺陷)”, meaninghe1acks the _______ to see some colors as they appear to most people.

You see color _______ specialized cells in the part of your eye called the retina(视网膜). These cells contain chemicals that respond _______ light that is red, blue and green.

When the cells are working _______ , the colors mix together into a complete band of color. When the cells don't have the necessary light-sensitive _______ , a person has difficulty seeing certain colors.

Most people who have color vision deficiency are _______ it, and most are boys. About 8 percent of men are colorblind to some ________ , whereas only one-half of 1 percent of women suffer from the problem.

For most of you, the world is colorful. When you open your eyes, you see hundreds of hues(色彩). ________ , for the people who are colorblind, the world looks less colorful. Though there is no treatment for color blindness, there are ways to ________ the problem.

Some people label their clothes and other possessions. And they learn other ________ to help them figure out a color. For example, if they are at a traffic light and the top light is on, they know that means ________ , even if they can't see that it is red.

As for Nathan, he said he has ________ getting in trouble at school since that one incident. When he has to draw, he always checks to see what color is written on the crayon(蜡笔)wrapper!

1.
A.madeB.supposedC.setD.asked.
2.
A.In factB.In shortC.In generalD.In time
3.
A.proposalB.discoveryC.termD.impression
4.
A.courageB.confidenceC.abilityD.desire
5.
A.instead ofB.in case ofC.in spite ofD.because of
6.
A.toB.inC.forD.at
7.
A.instantlyB.properlyC.convenientlyD.physically
8.
A.coursesB.nutrientsC.factorsD.chemicals
9.
A.filled withB.born withC.involved inD.lost in
10.
A.contentB.wayC.partD.extent
11.
A.FurthermoreB.SoC.HoweverD.While.
12.
A.denyB.overcomeC.hideD.identify
13.
A.postsB.seriesC.meansD.events
14.
A.stopB.waitC.queueD.go
15.
A.admittedB.missedC.appreciatedD.avoided
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