【推荐1】When it comes to transportation in New York City, most people choose yellow cabs or the affordable subway system. But I've realised that biking is one of the best ways to see the city. It can be a kind of workout, and it can also be such a great way to discover new places and really enjoy the journey throughout the city. Here are a few of my favourite routes, tips, and tricks.

Central Park Loop(环线)

The 6.1­mile loop is a standard for city cyclists of all fitness levels. A comfortable place in the middle of crowded Manhattan, the Central Park Loop is a great way to cycle without worrying about taxi doors suddenly opening or dealing with car traffic. There are so many ponds, lakes and complex bridges that you won't spot on a picnic in Sheep Meadow.

Prospect Park Loop

It's like Central Park but without tourists. My boyfriend and I regularly bike down to Prospect Park to do the loop, and it's my favourite way to relax after a stressful day. Prospect Park was designed by the same man who did Central Park, so there are a lot of similarities—gently rolling hills, plenty of shade, lakes, and ponds.

Governors Island

Governors Island is one of the few spaces in the New York City area where there are basically no cars! While the island is easy enough to walk around, it's not that big. But it's just big enough to make a few loops really enjoyable.

Manhattan Bridge

The Brooklyn Bridge might be the famous one. And the Williamsburg Bridge is a necessity for people, but the slope(斜坡) makes it easy to take exercise. Manhattan Bridge isn't much of a looker, but it's my favourite bridge to bike across: fairly easy incline, good views.

【推荐3】When you think about a Hawaiian holiday, you probably think about relaxing on the beach with a drink in your hand and the sun on your body. Although Hawaii is certainly a perfect place for a lazy holiday, there is much more than just sunshine and beaches.

These large islands of Hawaii that are open to visitors each offer something a little different, where you go will depend on what kind of holiday you prefer.

Molokai(莫洛凯岛）

If you go on holiday to experience local culture and history, then there is no place better than the island of Molokai. Take a tour of the Halawa Valley, where the earliest Hawaiians are thought to have built one of the island's first villages, and find out what Hawaii might have looked like hundreds of years ago.

Kauai（考艾岛)

Do you prefer your holiday to be more exciting? The island of Kauai is home to the Napali Coast State Wilderness Park ,a state park full of beautiful scenery and nature trails(小路). Why not try a hike along the ocean the 18-kilometer trail? Or book a place at the Hanakoa campsite so you can rest under the stars .

The Island of Hawaii

Hawaii's biggest cities are on the island of Oahu, but Oahu isn't the state's largest island. That would be the Island of Hawaii, also called the "Big Island". And if you dream about leaving the city behind and spending all of your time with the local wildlife, this may be the place for you! Here you can swim with manta rays(魔鬼鱼)and snorkel(用通气管潜泳)with green sea turtles, and maybe you'll see a dolphin or a humpback whale by the Kona Coast.

【推荐2】More than 90% of Great Barrier Reef coral(大堡礁珊瑚)surveyed this year was bleached(漂白)the fourth time in seven years, Australian government scientists said. Bleaching in 2016, 2017 and 2020 damaged two-thirds of the coral in the reef. The environmental group Greenpeace Australia Pacific said in a statement the extent of the latest bleaching was “another complaint of the Morrison government which has failed to protect the reef and worsened the problem through its support of fossil fuels(化石燃料).”

Scientists hope most of the coral in the reef off Australia’s eastern coast will recover from the current event, said David Wachenfeld, chief scientist at the authority. ”The early indications are that the death won’t be very high, “Wachenfeld said Wednesday. ”We are hoping that we will see most of the bleaching coral recover. We will probably end up with an event more like 2020. In 2020, there was mass bleaching, but there were low deaths. However, the bleaching events in 2016 and 2017 led to quite high levels of coral mortality.

Coral is made up of tiny animals called polyps(息肉)that are fed by microscopic seaweed that live inside the reefs and are sensitive to changes in water temperatures. The seaweed provides the reefs with their colors and produce sugars that provide the coral with most of its nutrients. Rising ocean temperatures turn the chemicals that the seaweed produce into poison. The coral turns white as it effectively spits the poisonous seaweed out. So, coral bleaches as a heat stress response. Heat stress beyond a few weeks can lead the coral to die of hunger.

“This is heartbreaking. Our Barrier Reef really is in very serious trouble indeed. ”Simon Bradshaw, a researcher at the Climate Council, said, “the reef’s survival depended on global cutting down heat giving out within the decade.”

【推荐3】Up to one fifth of the Amazon rainforest is emitting more carbon dioxide (CO2), than it absorbs, new research suggests.

Results from a decade-long study of greenhouse gases over the Amazon rainforest appear to show around 20% of the total area has become a net source of CO₂ in the atmosphere. One of the main causes is deforestation. While trees are growing, they absorb CO₂ from the atmosphere; dead trees release it again. However, the fact is that millions of trees have been lost to logging and fires in recent years.

The results of the study, which have not yet been published, have implications for the effort to combat climate change. They suggest that the Amazon rainforest, a vital carbon “store”, or “sink”, that slows the pace of global warming may be turning into a carbon source faster than previously thought. Every two weeks for the past 10 years, a team of scientists led by Professor Luciana Gatti, a researcher at Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research (INPE), has been measuring greenhouse gases by flying aircraft fitted with sensors over different parts of the Amazon basin. What the group found was startling: while most of the rainforest still retains its ability to absorb large quantities of CO₂ — especially in wetter years — one portion of the forest, which is especially heavily deforested, appears to have lost that capacity.

Gatti’s research suggests this south-eastern part of the forest, about 20% of the total area, has become a carbon source. “Each year is worse,” she told Newsnight. “We observed that this area in the south-east is an important source of carbon. And it doesn’t matter whether it is a wet year or a dry year. 2017 was a wet year, but it didn’t make any difference.”

A forest can become a source of carbon rather than a “store”, or “sink”, when trees die and emit carbon into the atmosphere. Areas of deforestation also contribute to the Amazon’s inability to absorb carbon.

Carlos Nobre, who co-authored Prof Gatti’s study, called the observation “very worrying” because “it could be showing the beginnings of a major tipping point”. He believes the new findings suggest that in the next 30 years, more than half of the Amazon could transform from rainforest into savanna (稀树草原).

【推荐1】Wearing heavy cotton clothing, head protection and a device to help her breathe, Jessica Ball recently spent the night observing lava (岩浆) coming out of Hawaii’s Kilauca Volcano.

Ball is a researcher from the United States Geological Survey, the agency which studies the country’s land and natural resources. She was at “fissure 8”, one of at least 22 holes that have opened around the Kilauea Volcano in the past two months.

Rock from deep inside the volcano is so hot that it has become a liquid. The liquid, known as lava, began flowing from the openings in early May. At “fissure 8”, the lava shot up as high as 45 meters in the air before slowly heading for the Pacific Ocean a few kilometers away.

Scientists have been in the area of the volcanic activity measuring the eruptions 24 hours a day, seven days a week since Kilauea first erupted. The severe heat will melt (融化) any non-natural clothing materials, so the team members can only wear heavy cotton. Gloves protect their hands from sharp volcanic rock and glass. Head coverings protect against falling lava stones, and breathing devices protect against gases coming from the openings.

Kilauea has been erupting almost without stopping since 1983. It is one of the world’s most closely observed volcanoes. Most of these observations took place at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory on Kilauea’s highest point, from which researchers have now had to escape. But the latest eruption is the biggest and could provide scientists with a lot of new information.

Ball says they want to learn what warning signs may exist for future eruptions to better protect Hawaii’s communities.

Hundreds of small earthquakes caused by the eruptions have damaged the structure of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. So scientists pulled equipment and records out of the building and moved them to the University of Hawaii at Hilo.