If you’re a real fitness addict, you certainly know the ultimate running challenge is to take part in a marathon. It seems every major city and town around the world hosts an annual marathon, with thousands of athletes running an exhausting 42.1 kilometres. While many runners’ motivation is to beat their personal best and cross the finishing line without collapsing, they’re also doing it for a good cause — to generate funds for charity.
But like other major events, the marathon also generates a massive carbon footprint. Thousands travel – some by plane — to the location, and waste from food packaging and goody bags gets left behind by viewers and runners.
This is becoming a big issue for cities — how to host a worthwhile event, encouraging people to exercise and help charities, while protecting the environment? Several cities have developed formal plans to reduce their environmental impact and promote sustainable ideas. One event in Wales, for example, introduced recycling for old running kit. It’s something that this year’s London Marathon tried to tackle by reducing the number of drink stations on the running route, giving out water in paper cups and offering some drinks in eatable seaweed capsules. They also trialled new bottle belts made from recycled plastic, so 700 runners could carry water bottles with them during their run.
Meanwhile, some people still think running a marathon could be our best foot forward in helping the planet. Dr Andrea Collins from Cardiff University told the BBC: “Training for a marathon makes you more sustainable in day-to-day activities. I started walking or running to work every day. Being environmentally friendly while training kind of sticks with you and becomes a way of life.”
So while you may not be the top runner in a marathon, let’s hope the event, in terms of sustainability, certainly is!
1. What can we know about a marathon from paragraph 1?A.Everyone desires to join in it. | B.Athletes can finish it with ease. |
C.Local governments disapprove of it. | D.It can contribute to charitable causes. |
A.Holding a sustainable event. | B.Raising funds for charities. |
C.Encouraging people to exercise. | D.Recycling old running facilities. |
A.Favorable. | B.Intolerant. | C.Doubtful. | D.Conservative. |
A.Make Marathons Greener | B.How to Run Marathons Properly |
C.Participate in Marathons Actively | D.What Is Left Behind after Marathons |
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Housed in a modern facility , the displays reflect Australian childhood experience over time including play , child rearing , orphanage childhood , and home , school , and war time experience .
There are many hands –on exhibits and education sessions including the famous ‘lesson’ in the 1920s One Teacher Bush Classroom .
The Museum also hosts national touring exhibitions and conducts special activities on Sundays and school holidays(ring for details ).
Open: Tuesday- Friday 10am – 4pm , Sunday 10am – 4:30 pm , or by arrangement .
Special activities on Sundays as advertise .
Closed: Public holidays ,16 December-18 January .
Location: Edith Cowan University campus , Bay Road , Claremont (take bus 208 and alight at the Bay Road and Princess Road intersection . The Museum is 15 minutes’ walk from Claremont train station )
Tel :(08) 9442 1373 ; Fax ; (08 ) 9442 1314
1. On you can stay at the Museum until half past four .
A.Wednesday | B.Friday | C.Sunday | D.Monday |
A.Monday | B.Tuesday | C.Saturday | D.Sunday |
A.closed |
B.holding special activities |
C.not closed until 4:00 |
D.not closed until 4:30 |
A.display toys , dolls , infant and school material |
B.reflect Australian childhood experience over time |
C.host national touring exhibition |
D.tell you the famous ‘lesson’ in the 1920s |
【推荐2】A pacer is someone who runs in races or marathons to help set the pace for runners. There are different types of pacers. A race pacer usually carries a sign highlighting a specific competition time for a race. He helps runners reach their goals without relying on technology, such as a smart watch or GPS. Professional pacers are used in long-distance races. They run at different sections of the race to inspire runners. A record pacer helps a professional runner set a new record, who often leads the race for a predetermined distance at a predetermined pace.
A runner being paced runs directly following a pacer. Having a pacer can be helpful for a long-distance runner because researches show that it takes more energy to lead in a race all through the race than to follow another runner. The pacer takes on the responsibility of timing and establishing the pace so the runner only has to focus on his own running. Having a pacer as a guide in a long race can take some of the stress and pressure off by keeping an even pace. The pacer may also provide encouragement along the way to work towards the goal.
There are times, though, when running with a pacer can be more stressful than beneficial for a runner — especially for amateur runners. Not having taken professional training, you set a goal to run a particular pace, but then you realize this may not be the best speed for you. In some cases, the pacer is running too quickly for what you can stand. Other times, you could misjudge your abilities and run a slower pace than what your body can bear.
It is important to note that you don’t have to stay with a pacer just because you started with him. If you feel strong at the end and want to finish faster, you can run ahead. Or if he is too fast, you could slow down and maybe even join the slower pace group behind you.
1. What does a record pacer do?A.He provides technical support. |
B.He helps a runner keep the record. |
C.He offers medical help to a runner. |
D.He leads a professional runner at a speed set beforehand. |
A.Injured. | B.Legendary. | C.Unprofessional. | D.Graceful. |
A.Changing pacers from time to time. |
B.Following the pacer strictly all through the race. |
C.Giving up something and preparing for a breakthrough. |
D.Listening to your body and doing what feels right for you. |
A.Sport and fitness. | B.Science and technology. |
C.History and culture. | D.Health and lifestyle. |
【推荐3】We love the idea of writing contests, but we hate con test fees. That’s why we’ve rounded up these 4 writing contests that all have no entry or reading fees. Some end soon, so be sure to apply for those right away if you’re interested.
The Lindquist & Vennum Prize for Poetry is currently open for submissions. Poets can submit a book-length manuscript, but there is no page requirement. The winner will receive $10,000 and publication by Milkweed Editions. Deadline is March 1. To learn more, click the prize submission guidelines.
The Eugene & Marilyn Glick Indiana Authors Award is currently accepting nominations (提名,推荐). Indiana-born or Indiana-based Authors may nominate themselves or be nominated. There are several award categories. The cash awards range from $6,000 to $10,000. Deadline for nominations is March 18. To learn more, click the award guidelines.
Winning Writers is currently hosting its Wergle Flomp Humor Poetry Contest. Poets can submit one humorous poem for consideration. The first place winner will receive $1,000; second place will receive $250; and 10 honorable mentions will receive $100 each. All winners will be published online. Deadline is April 1. To learn more, click the contest guidelines.
The Griffin Poetry Prize welcomes poets and translators to submit their work. Two prizes will be awarded. The Canadian Prize will go to a Canadian poet or translator who has published or translated a work. The International Prize will go to a poet or translator from any part of the world. Each prize winner will receive $65,000 CAD. Deadline is June 30, with a second deadline of December 31. To learn more, click the prize guidelines.
1. What do the four contests have in common?A.All of them are for poetry only. | B.The winners’ works will be published. |
C.Everyone is welcome to submit their works. | D.Application for the contests is free of charge. |
A.The Griffin Poetry Prize. | B.Wergle Flomp Humor Poetry Contest. |
C.The Lindquist & Vennum Prize for Poetry. | D.The Eugene & Marilyn Glick Indiana Authors Award. |
A.In a magazine. | B.On a website. | C.In an advertisement. | D.On a poster. |
【推荐1】Sanjiangyuan National Park
Located on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau , the Sanjiangyuan covers about 123,100 square kilometeris .It is home to the headwaters of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers, which help to nurture billions of lives. Hence it is also called China's water tower.
The giant panda national park
The giant panda national park covers about 27,000 square kilometers in three provinces – Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi in the country's west. The park is home to 1,631 wild pandas, accounting for 87.50 percent of the country's total wild panda population.
Northeast China tiger and leopard national park
Northeast China tiger and leopard national park is located in the northeast of Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces at the junction, with a total area of 1.4612 square kilometers. The park is China's most important settlement and breeding area of the Siberian tiger and Amur leopard. It is also an important wildlife distribution area and one of the areas with the richest biodiversity in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.
Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park
Located in the south-central part of Hainan Island, Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park covers an area of 4,269 square kilometers, covering more than 95 percent of the island's primary forest and 55 percent of its natural forest.
The park has the most concentrated distribution of the best preserved and the largest contiguous area of island tropical rain forest in China, an important part of the world's tropical rain forest, with a national representative and global protection significance.
1. Which park is called China's water tower?A.The giant panda national park |
B.Northeast China tiger and leopard national park |
C.Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park |
D.Sanjiangyuan National Park |
A.The giant panda national park | B.Northeast China tiger and leopard national park |
C.Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park | D.Sanjiangyuan National Park |
A.Heilongjiang | B.Sichuan | C.Gansu | D.Shaanxi |
A.The giant panda national park | B.Northeast China tiger and leopard national park |
C.Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park | D.Sanjiangyuan National Park |
【推荐2】This summer we witnessed interview teams at the North Pole wearing short sleeve shirts due to the warm weather. A study published on Aug 29 revealed more concerning issues in the supposedly coldest area of the world. Zombie ice (僵尸冰) from a massive Greenland ice sheet was confirmed to be melting, which would finally raise global sea levels by at least 10 inches on its own, reported Associated Press (AP).
Zombie ice is the kind of ice that is still attached to thicker areas of ice, but is no longer getting fed by larger glaciers (冰川). Since glaciers are getting less snow to complement the amount of ice melted, once the zombie ice is melted, it cannot be re-formed.
Scientists decided to look at the balance of the ice. In perfect balance, snow in the mountains of Greenland flows down and thickens the sides of glaciers, balancing out what’s melting on the edges, according to AP. But in the last few decades, there is less refill and more melting, creating an imbalance.
Study co-author William Colgan at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland told AP that 3.3 percent of Greenland’s total ice volume would melt eventually. “Hunger” would be a good phrase for what’s happening to the ice, Colgan added.
With a great number of natural resources buried under the earth, areas of melted ice revealed treasures that attracted the world’s richest men. According to CNN, in early August, there was a “treasure hunt” in Greenland. Billionaires, including Bill Gates and others, financially backed KoBold Metals, a US-based mineral exploration company, to explore the rare metals under the glaciers in Greenland. The company told CNN that since there were enough minerals to power hundreds of millions of electric vehicles, the critical resource is capable of powering the green energy transition.
While investors are taking advantage of global warming, experts express their concerns that the mineral exploration is likely to worsen the local environment, draining (榨干) up the world’s resources at a faster rate.
1. What can we learn about the Zombie ice?A.It was caused by warm weather. | B.It increased by at least 10 inches. |
C.It started to become less. | D.It no longer existed. |
A.The ice in Greenland needed refill badly. |
B.3.3 percent of the ice in the world would melt. |
C.Snow there could make up for the melted ice. |
D.Melting only happened on the edge of the glaciers. |
A.It was started by Bill Gates. | B.It was environmentally friendly. |
C.It has drained up the world’s resources. | D.All people are not in support of it. |
A.The Increasing Temperature at the North Pole. | B.The Melting Zombie Ice from Greenland. |
C.The Findings of Associate Press. | D.The Rising Global Sea Levels. |
【推荐3】About 5,000 children die each day because of preventable diseases such as cholera (霍乱) and dysentery (痢疾), which spread when people use unclean water for drinking or cooking. A lack of water for personal health leads to the spread of totally preventable diseases like trachoma (沙眼), which has blinded some six million people.
Water troubles also trap many lowincome families in a cycle of poverty and poor education and the poorest suffer most from lack of access to water. People who spend much of their time on ill health, caring for sick children, or collecting water at a distance averaging 3.75 miles a day don’t have educational and economic chances to better their lives.
Agriculture is called the lion’s share of clean water worldwide, using some 70 percent, and industrial use needs another 22 percent. Water areas have no political borders and nations don’t always work together to share common resources, so water can be a frequent source of international problems as well.
Daybyday demand keeps growing, further draining water sources, from great rivers to groundwater. “We’re going deeper into debt on our groundwater use,” Postel said, “and that has great effects on global water safety. The rate of groundwater use has doubled since 1960.”
Some of Earth’s groundwater is fossil water created when Earth’s climate was far different. Today such water is as limited as petrol. “But we’re pumping much of them out faster than ever,” Postel explained. “Man’s growing thirst also causes a major problem about water and our ecosystems. And that also creates a cost to us, to our sons and to our grandsons, not just to nature.”
1. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A.Water shortage has been a most serious challenge. |
B.So many children die of polluted water every day. |
C.Diseases should be properly controlled and treated. |
D.Wasting water leads to the unrest of the world. |
A.Because nations don’t always work together to save water. |
B.Because agriculture uses about two thirds of clean water. |
C.Because more people live on the agricultural produce. |
D.Because agriculture is much stronger than industry. |
A.groundwater is rich for us to use | B.there is no need to dig deep for groundwater |
C.we are using our next generation’ water | D.we should use river water instead of groundwater |
A.Water should be distributed equally. | B.Laws should be passed from groundwater. |
C.We shouldn’t use water from rivers. | D.We should protect our ecosystems. |
【推荐1】The rise of satellite-enabled GPS was revolutionary for navigation, and with the rise of mobile phones, anyone can have their personal navigation. GPS navigation apps enable egocentric (自我中心的) navigation with easy-to-follow turn-by-turn directions. With these conveniences at our fingertips, we are no longer active navigators, we are passive passengers aboard the GPS.
However, multiple experiments have shown that this easy egocentric navigation also reduces spatial awareness and mental mapping when compared to more traditional forms like paper maps.
Our question is: Can we find a way to still use GPS but reduce the harmful effects of current GPS navigation on memory? The challenge is to create alternative forms of GPS navigation that will remain easy enough for the general public, but also enable traditional navigation and thus be more likely to improve spatial awareness.
Our research finds that appropriately-designed audio beacons (声音指引) offer an alternative that develops a much more active form of egocentric navigation. Instead of guiding users to turn right and turn left on the way to their desired destination, we can change a location of interest to a distinctive auditory beacon via earbuds or headphones. Our auditory navigation application, known as Soundscape, has an effect that resembles a church bell, where loud ringing of the bell or calls to prayer can be heard at great distance; our would-be navigator can make way by heading toward the sound.
Auditory beacon navigation is an example of how we are entering into an era where negative effects of automation on our brain health will be at the forefront of technological development. Technology does not need to replace our evolutionary functions and distance us from our environments, but rather with appropriate design can add the sensory inputs processed by our brain. Perhaps instead of evolving into a new species of turn-by-turn zombies, we can thereby all engage more deeply with humanity, our local environment and life itself.
1. How does GPS navigation negatively affect people?A.It turns people into active navigators. |
B.It makes people develop to be selfish. |
C.It weakens their sense of space and mental mapping. |
D.It encourages people form bad habits while driving. |
A.Creating new apps to improve health. |
B.Replacing those technological functions. |
C.Making alternative forms more intelligent. |
D.Combining the conveniences and traditional ways. |
A.Properly designed signal guides. | B.Distinctive headphones. |
C.New species of turning zombies. | D.Automated brain processors. |
A.Technology will distance people from the environment. |
B.Technology is not necessarily connected to people’s lifestyle. |
C.It’s impossible to wipe out all the negative effects of technology. |
D.A good design is to develop a bond between technology and people. |
【推荐2】I have a rule for travel:Never carry a map.I prefer to ask for directions.
Foreign visitors are often puzzled in Japan because most streets there don’t have names.In Japan,people use landmarks in their directions instead of street names.For example,the Japanese will say to travellers,“Go straight down to the corner.Turn left at the big hotel and go pass a fruit market.The post office is across from the bus stop.”
In the countryside of the American Midwest,usually there are not many landmarks.There are no mountains,so the land is very flat(平坦的).In many places there are no towns or buildings within miles.Instead of landmarks,people will tell you directions and distance.In Kansas or Iowa,for example,people will say,“Go north two miles.Turn east,and then go another mile.”
People in Los Angeles,California,have no idea of distance on the map:They measure distance by means of time,not miles.“How far away is the post office?” you ask.“Oh,” they answer,“It’s about five minutes from here.” you say,“Yes,but how many miles away is it?” They don’t know.
People in Greece sometimes do not even try to give directions because visitors seldom understand the Greek language.Instead of giving you the direction,a Greek will often say,“Follow me.” Then he’ll lead you through the streets of the city to the post office.
Sometimes a person doesn’t know the answer to your question.What happens in this situation?A New Yorker might say,“Sorry,I have no idea.” But in Yucatan,Mexico,no one answers,“I don’t know.” People in Yucatan think that “I don’t know” is impolite.They usually give an answer,often a wrong one.A visitor can get very,very lost in Yucatan!
One thing will help you everywhere—in Japan,in the United States,in Greece,in Mexico,or in any other place.You might not understand a person’s words,but maybe you can understand his body language.He or she will usually turn and then point in the correct direction.Go in that direction,and you may find the post office!
1. The passage mainly tells us that .A.never carry a map for travel |
B.there are not many landmarks in the American Midwest |
C.there are different ways to give directions in different parts of the world |
D.New Yorkers often say,“I have no idea,” but people in Yucatan,Mexico,never say “I don’t know.” |
A.building names |
B.street names |
C.hotels,markets and bus stops |
D.buildings or places which are easily recognised |
A.Japan. | B.American Midwest. |
C.Los Angeles,California. | D.Greece. |
A.People in different places always give directions in the same way:They use street names. |
B.A person’s body language can help you understand directions. |
C.People in some places give directions in miles,but people in other places give directions by means of time. |
D.Travellers can learn about people’s customs by asking questions about directions. |
【推荐3】Yet although officers will not disappear, it’s hard to imagine that working life will return to before-COVID-19 (新冠肺炎) ways. For more than a century workers have pushed themselves on-to crowded trains and buses, or suffered traffic jams, to get into the office, and back, five days a week. However, for the past one year they have not had to commute (上下班往返), and may enjoy it for a long time.
Employers, for their part, have supported expensive offices in city centers because they need to gather workers in one place. The rent is only part of the cost; there are cleaning, lightning, printers, catering and security on top. Needless to say, in the homeworking era these costs are cut down.
Another part of the homeworking era may be the disappearance of the five-day working week. Even before the COVID-19 many workers became used to taking phone calls or answering emails at the weekend. In the homeworking era, the dividing line between home and working life, a useful way of relieving stress, will be even harder to keep. It may be lost altogether.
What’s more, without the Monday-to-Friday commute, the weekend seems more nebulous, for employees may walk and take breaks freely, with only the company video calls unchanged.
Looking further out, the homeworking era may bring other changes. Some may decide to live in small towns where housing costs are lower, since they have no need to commute. Men will have fewer excuses to skip cleaning or childcare if they are not disappearing to the office.
In a sense, this is a return to normal: until the 19th century most people worked at or close to their homes. But social historians may still regard 2020 as the start of a new age.
1. Which one is the change of the working life after the COVID-19?A.Living in big cities. | B.More traffic jams. |
C.Reduced working cost. | D.Less phone calls at the weekend. |
A.Important. | B.Unclear. | C.Fruitful. | D.Annoying. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Objective. | C.Supportive. | D.Negative. |
A.2020: the Start of a New Age? |
B.Working at Home: Are You Ready? |
C.Who is the Winner: Employer or Employee? |
D.Home and Working Life: How to Keep Balanced? |