Over millions of years humans have responded to certain situations without thinking too hard. If our ancestors spotted movement in the nearby forest, they would run first and question later. At the same time, the ability to analyze and to plan is part of what separates us from other animals. The question of when to trust your instinct (直觉) and when to think slow matters in the office as much as in the savannah (草原).
Slow thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and less to analysis. In demanding customer-service or public-facing situations, instinct is often a better guide to how to behave.
Instinct can also be improved. Plenty of research has shown that instinct becomes more unerring with experience. In one well-known experiment, volunteers were asked to assess whether a selection of designer handbags were real or not. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate (深思熟虑) over their decision. Instinct worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it outperformed analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instinct tends to be.
However, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. It is often the only way to get through the day. To take one example, when your inbox floods with new emails at the start of a new day, there is absolutely no way to read them all carefully. Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened. Fast thinking can also help the entire organization. The value of many managerial decisions lies in the simple fact that they have been made at all. Yet as data explodes, the temptation to ask for one more bit of analysis has become much harder to resist. Managers often suffer from overthinking, turning a simple problem into a complex one.
When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. Does the decision maker have real expertise in this area? Is this a field in which emotion matters more than reasoning? Above all, is it worth delaying the decision? Slow thinking is needed to get the big calls right. But fast thinking is the way to stop deliberation turning to a waste of time.
1. What does the underlined word “unerring” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?| A．accurate | B．creative | C．controllable | D．obvious |
| A．By process. | B．By comparison. | C．By example. | D．By classification. |
| A．Managers can afford the cost of slow thinking. | B．Fast thinking can be a boost to work efficiency. |
| C．Slow thinking will hold us back in the long run. | D．Too much data is to blame for wrong decisions. |
| A．To explain how instinct works in the office. |
| B．To tell the difference between instinct and slow thinking. |
| C．To highlight the value of instinct in the workplace. |
| D．To illustrate the development of different thinking patterns. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】A satellite is best understood as an object that has only one force acting on it gravity. Technically speaking, anything that crosses the Karman Line at an altitude of 100km is considered a satellite in space.
However, a satellite needs to be going fast at least 8km a second to avoid falling back down to the earth immediately. If a satellite is traveling fast enough, it will constantly “fall” toward the ball-shaped earth. It means that the satellite will fall around the earth instead of crashing back on the surface.
Here are several accepted orbits around the earth. One is called low-earth-orbit, which extends from about 160 to 2,000km. This is the orbit where the International Space Station and the Chinese Space Station orbit and where the spaceships usually do their work. In fact, all human missions, except for the Apollo and Chang’e flights to the moon, took place in this orbit. Most satellites also work in this orbit.
Geosynchronous (与地球同步的) orbit is the best spot for communication satellites to use, however. This is an orbit above the earth’s equator (赤道) at an altitude of 35,786km. At this altitude, the rate of "fall" around the earth is about the same as the earth’s rotation (自转), which allows the satellite to stay above the same spot on the earth almost constantly. The satellite thus keeps permanent connections with towers on the ground and allows for reliable communication.
While some satellites are best used around the equator, others are better suited to more polar orbits. Examples of polar-orbiting satellites include weather satellites, resource satellites and military satellites. Polar-orbiting satellites are necessary because they can help scientists compare images from the same season over several years and monitor changes over time.
1. What keeps a satellite from falling to the earth?| A．Its rotation. | B．Its orbit. | C．Its speed. | D．Its height. |
| A．It can be considered a satellite. | B．It is below the Karman Line. |
| C．It is circling the earth at 7km/s. | D．It has escaped the force of gravity. |
| A．Weather satellites. | B．Military satellites. |
| C．Resource satellites. | D．Communication satellites. |
| A．Gathering necessary equator data. | B．Comparing seasonal changes. |
| C．Providing precise weather forecast. | D．Providing better telephone signals |
【推荐2】When you hear the word “shapeshifting (变身)”, you may think of magic in some movies and not the climate. But that’s what animals are doing to go on living in the world.
A new study shows that some animals are slowly growing larger beaks, legs and ears. In this way they can cool themselves down more easily as the Earth gets warmer. When we talk about the climate change, we often ask “What can humans do with this?” “How can we live in the future?” “But we should know that animals also have to face these changes,” said Sara Ryding, from Deakin University, Australia. If animals do nothing to keep their normal body temperature, they will die.
In one example, the beaks of some kinds of Australian parrots have grown 4 to 10 percent larger. The study says it has a lot to do with the hotter summer over the years. There are other similar examples. Wood mice have longer tails and bats in warm climates have bigger wings.
Although the changes are still small, they could be common as the weather becomes hotter. “Body parts like ears may become bigger, so we might be able to see a real Dumbo (big-eared elephant from a Disney cartoon) in the near future,” Ryding told the reporters.
1. Why do animals grow bigger body parts?| A．To become stronger. | B．To enjoy a better life. |
| C．To find food easily. | D．To keep normal body temperature. |
| A．2. | B．3. | C．4. | D．5. |
| A．Changes. | B．Tails. | C．Wings. | D．Examples. |
| A．Why climate changes so much. | B．When the climate starts to change. |
| C．How animals deal with hotter weather. | D．What the weather will be like in the future. |
【推荐3】Surprising Health Benefits of Staying Hydrated( 保湿)
How much water you need to consume on a daily basis depends on several factors, including your weight, the climate where you live and how often you exercise. The clearest sign that you’re adequately hydrated is transparent yellow or pale urine(尿液).
Give you more energy and strength
A 2016 study from the University of Illinois involving more than 18,000 adults found that when people increased their daily water intake by 250 to 750 milliliters, they consumed as many as 205 fewer calories a day. Drinking more water will help with overeating.
Improve your memory
Help you fight a cold
There’s a reason your doctor tells you to drink more when you’re getting sick.
| A．Help you digest better. |
| B．Help you limit your appetite. |
| C．Our brains are hugely dependent on fluid(液体). |
| D．By drinking more water, your skin will stay smooth and healthy. |
| E．If yours is a darker yellow, you probably need to start drinking more. |
| F．Water helps keep up a steady flow of nutrients into your cells, which boosts your energy. |
| G．As your body launches its attack against germs, your cells need hydrating to keep that effort. |
【推荐1】There was a time when a trip to the supermarket in the United States often ended with a seemingly simple question from the cashier, "Paper or plastic？"Well, which type of bag would you choose？
While both types of bags have some influence on the environment, it has long been supposed that paper bags are kinder. They are made from a renewable source, are broken down easily, burn without giving off thick smoke and can be recycled. However, the producing process behind paper bags uses more energy than that of plastic ones. How can this be true？
Studies show that paper bag production requires four times as much energy as plastic bag production.
And the amount of water used to make them is twenty times higher. Besides, the influence on forests is very serious. It takes about fourteen million trees to produce ten billion paper bags, which happen to be the number of bags used in the United States yearly. In terms of recycling, the idea that paper bags are more environment friendly than plastic ones can be quickly discarded. Research shows it requires about 98% less energy to recycle plastic than it does to recycle paper.
Even though paper bags might be more harmful than plastic ones, plastic still seems to be considered as the more harmful of the two by governments. In Ireland, for example, a tax has been introduced to discourage the use of plastic bags. People have to pay 22 cents for every plastic bag, and as a result, their use has dropped quickly.
There’s no doubt that it makes more sense to reuse these bags. However, we don’t seem to be doing that at present. That may be because they fall apart quickly. If so, cloth bags are a better choice, but still, their production also has a bad influence on the environment. So what to do? How should we answer the question of “Paper or plastic?” It seems that we first need to ask ourselves one more general question: “What can I do to help the environment?”
1. The question at the end of Paragraph 1 is used to ________.| A．introduce points for discussion |
| B．tell readers how to save money |
| C．express the author's doubts |
| D．show the kindness of the cashier |
| A．take more time to break down |
| B．require less energy to recycle |
| C．need more water to produce |
| D．have less influence on forests |
| A．share | B．put forward |
| C．discuss | D．give up |
| A．Paper or cloth? |
| B．A new bag or your own one? |
| C．A small bag or big one? |
| D．Paper or plastic？ |
【推荐2】Nowadays, schools still focus on traditional subjects more than modern subjects. Many subjects can not meet the needs of the future jobs. I completely agree with the statement that schools too much concentrate on traditional subjects.
To begin with, schools must be more flexible in the education because every student will choose and follow the different ways. So they need a different knowledge’s source. For example, the technology development is becoming a vital part in modern society which demands a number of skilled workforce (劳动力). As a result, if students are skilled in using computer or machine, they will achieve success in their career.
In addition, the traditional subjects always teach a lot of theories than skills. That is the reason why many students feel bored when studying them, such as history, literature or geography. But people can ignore them because all the subjects are concerned about culture and the society’s problems. So the education system should be improved. Instead of researching lessons in class or books, we need to hold the meeting or game shows to exchange knowledge and skills between students. Besides, schools have to add some soft skill subjects.
In conclusion, the traditional subjects are still being concentrated too much, Schools should improve systems so that students can acquire many new things and meet the needs in the world of work.
1. Why should education be flexible in schools?| A．Students are tired of studying |
| B．Each student has different needs |
| C．Students’ interests are various |
| A．Theories. | B．Skills. | C．Grades. |
| A．Read books aloud. | B．Research lessons in class. | C．Increase soft skill subjects. |
| A．They require improving. |
| B．They are discouraging. |
| C．They prove useless. |
【推荐3】He was already asleep. His bag stood ready by the backdoor. His pencil box was filled with freshly sharpened (削尖的) pencils. A big day lay ahead. My eyes filled with tears (泪水) as I thought about his new journey in the morning. My baby was off to high school.
I thought back to his first day of kindergarten (幼儿园). How he ran in excitement to the bus as my heart broke, how his smiling face in the window caused my tears to flow. I thought about how hard it was to let go of his hand and let him fly on his own for the first time. But this time, I found it was even harder.
Kindergarten is paper and glue sticks. High school is computer projects and technology you don't understand. Kindergarten is Mother's Day gifts made with handprints.High school is a funny card and a “Love you, Ma.” Kindergarten is emails to the teacher about his difficulty with math. High school is depending on him to ask for help in class. Kindergarten is afternoons at the park. High school is keys to the car.Kindergarten is exciting talk about his day. High school is just “My day was fine, Ma.”
Kindergarten is the beginning.High school is the beginning of the end. You know that your time with him at home will become less and less. The moments where your family will always feel complete at the end of the day are coming to an end. I've raised him to leave us. I've raised him to be independent (独立的), and I'm watching him pull away, one day at a time.
As I watched him board the bus to high school, my eyes filled with tears again and my heart ached more deeply than it did on his first day of kindergarten. The bus pulled away, and my eyes met his. He gave a quick wave (挥手) and mouthed, “Love you.” And then he made a silly face, and he wanted his mom to go back into the house now and set her mind at rest. I waved back and laughed. High school, here we come.
1. How did the author find sending her son to high school?| A．It was more difficult than sending him to kindergarten. |
| B．It would allow her more free time to enjoy life. |
| C．It was much easier than she had expected. |
| D．It would steal his love for her. |
| A．To tell interesting stories of her son. |
| B．To describe her feelings about her son. |
| C．To compare kindergarten and high school. |
| D．To show it's important for kids to be independent. |
| A．Her son is going to college. |
| B．Her son will leave her someday. |
| C．Her son has completed middle school. |
| D．Her son must spend more time at school. |
| A．To stop the author from worrying about him. |
| B．To make himself less nervous about high school. |
| C．To keep the tears in his eyes secret from the author. |
| D．To show his excitement about going to high school. |
