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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:35 题号:19104570

Humans evolved from apes. This is what we learned in biology class. But what came before apes? Chinese scientists have discovered fossils that could enrich the evolutionary story of how humans evolved from fish.

According to four articles published in the journal Nature in late September, Chinese researchers found fish fossils that provide the “missing link” about the origin of the jaw (下颌), a key trait that 99.8 percent of vertebrate species (脊椎动物) have.

Zhu Min, a lead researcher of the studies from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Daily that the findings drew a large amount of interest in the science world due to the importance of jaws in animal evolution. However, the rise of the jaw had been a mystery due to a lack of sufficient fossil evidence to support that jawed vertebrates lived 450 million years ago.

The latest findings made by Zhu’s team presented a set of five surprisingly well-preserved fish fossils that included three whole-bodied fish, helping scientists paint a more accurate evolutionary picture of the origin of the jaw. The fish fossils were discovered at two sites in Chongqing and Guizhou, whose strata (地层) date back to the Silurian Period (志留纪) that began around 440 million years ago.

These fossils show that jawed fish were already thriving in the world’s ancient oceans at that time. Later on, more diverse and larger jawed fish evolved and began to spread around the world, paving the way for some fish to eventually go on land and evolve into other animals—including humans.

“These fossils provide an unprecedented opportunity to peek into the ‘dawn of fish’ and help scientists trace many human body structures back to these ancient fish, thus filling some key gaps in the evolutionary history of how fish evolved into humans,” Zhu said.

1. What is the significance of the newly discovered fossils?
A.They gave new clues to the origins of fish.
B.They provided new evidence on human evolution.
C.They are a newly discovered species of jawed fish.
D.They defined the time vertebrate species appeared.
2. What can we learn about the fish fossils found by Zhu’s team?
A.They were discovered in Chongqing.
B.They include five whole-bodied ancient fish.
C.They can be traced back to the Silurian Period.
D.They proved fish were the earliest vertebrate species.
3. What does the underlined word “thriving” probably mean in the second-to-last paragraph?
A.Booming.B.Surviving.C.Arriving.D.Depriving.
4. What is the text most probably taken from?
A.A travel brochure.B.Newspaper.C.A biology textbook.D.A biography.

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【推荐1】The Vjosa River, one of the last wild rivers in Europe, has been declared a national park by the Albanian government, making it become the first wild river park on the continent.

Home to more than 1,000 animal and plant species, the river flows for 270 kilometers, from Greece, through Albania and into the Adriatic Sea. Giving the credit to no dams or other artificial barriers, it is rich in aquatic species and supports a large number of wildlife species, including otters, the endangered Egyptian vulture and the critically endangered Balkan lynx.

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Albania’s prime minister, Edi Rama, described the creation of the national park as a “truly historic moment” for nature as well as social and economic development. “Today we protect the only wild river in Europe once and for all,” he said. “This is about to change a mindset. Protecting an area does not mean that you make it in isolation from the economy.” He said national parks attract 20% more   tourists   compared with non-protected areas.

The park will cover the 118 miles of the Vjosa in Albania, three main tributaries (支流), and some land, including areas at risk of flooding. Phase II will add other tributaries. Unlike the IUCN's Wilderness Protected Areas, which limit the number of visitors, it will allow recreational tourism and some   other activities such as local fishing, particularly for 60,000 residents in the catchment.

“We hope it will inspire others to come together to protect the wild places we have left, in a meaningful way,” said Ryan Gellert, Patagonia’s CEO, adding that the park was proof that the “destruction of nature did not have to be the price of progress”.

1. What makes the Vjosa River rich in wild species?
A.Sufficient water.
B.The government's policies.
C.The large area of fertile land.
D.The absence of human disturbance.
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C.It strengthens the protection of Vjosa's ecosystem.
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3. What can we infer from Edi Rama?
A.Building the park is beneficial to the economy.
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C.Non-protected areas will inspire a boom in tourism.
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4. How is the park different from IUCN's Wilderness Protected Areas?
A.It includes more tributaries.
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C.It covers areas at high risk of flooding.
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Children begin to wonder in nature. Natural materials such as leaves and sticks provide endless possibilities for play and imagination.     2     Children have to come up with ideas of how to use them.

Additionally, nature gives children ultimate freedom — they don’t necessarily have to follow the rules and tasks set for them when indoors. They become more confident by learning new skills. If they can catch a fish, they’ll have a cool story to share with their friends.     3    

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A.They play a significant role in maintaining the balance of nature.
B.They are a source of food.
C.They are beautiful and interesting.
D.They are not related to human beings.
3. Why do some people try to help save animals?
A.Because they are interested in animals.
B.Because they want to make money.
C.Because they realize the importance of animals.
D.Because they are ordered to do so by the government.
4. The purpose of this passage is ____.
A.to describe the importance of animals
B.to criticize human activities that harm animals
C.to call on people to protect animals
D.to introduce some endangered animals
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