From life-saving medical technologies to everyday household items, these four brilliant women left an indelible mark on history with their inventions.
Modern ironing board by Sarah Boone
Before the invention, clothing used to be ironed on wooden planks balanced between chairs. Though it seems like a simple invention, Bone put a lot of thoughts into it, which was evident in the end product. Aside from solving the initial problem of uneven ironing, Boone also made the ironing board’s legs folded for storage and designed a curved (弧形的) shape for the body to accommodate sleeves and curved areas. Alongside her invention, Boone also became one of the first African-American woman to receive a patent.
Silk by Empress Lei Zu
Though there is no way of confirming the account, ancient writings (including Confucius’) attribute the first invention of silk to the Chinese Empress Lei Zu, who was four-teen at the time and had been enjoying tea in the imperial gardens when a fateful incident took place. A cocoon (茧) fell into her teacup and lost its cohesiveness (粘结性) upon contact with the hot water. The fact that the cocoon was a single strand of silk had drawn Lei Zu’s attention and she wove the thread into fabric, creating silk cloth.
Caller ID and call waiting by Shirley Ann Jackson
Dr Shirley Ann Jackson broke the glass ceiling as the first African-American woman to be awarded a doctorate from MIT. She contributed to the invention of caller ID and call waiting during her research period at AT&.T Bell Laboratories, so we can now see the phone number and name of whoever is ringing our phones.
Spray-on skin repair technique by Fiona Wood
Dr Fiona Wood introduced spray-on skin repair technique to the world in the 1990s. The technique changed the way in which burn victims used to be treated, as spray-on skin repair technique can be directly applied to wounds to form a new layer of skin that promotes healing and minimises the risk of infection.
1. What can we learn about Sarah Boone?A.She learned a lot from ironing. | B.She solved the problem of washing. |
C.She created a piece of useful furniture. | D.She was the first person to receive a patent. |
A.Her interest in drinking tea. | B.A cocoon dropping into her cup. |
C.A desire to write something crucial. | D.Her working in the imperial gardens. |
A.Sarah Boone. | B.Lei Zu. | C.Shirley Ann Jackson. | D.Fiona Wood. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Acton Scott Historic Working Farm
About
Acton Scott Historic Working Farm is a wonderful visitor attraction for all the family to enjoy. Founded by Thomas Acton to keep alive the19th-century farming practices he grew up with, the farm was the first of its kind and has been much copied since. Thomas’s foresight has helped to preserve many traditions that might otherwise have been lost to modern-day farming techniques.
The Historic Working Farm offers an interesting insight into rural life at the turn of the 19th century, as farm life unfolds daily while the land around is worked by heavy horses. There are daily demonstrations of period skills, providing a picture of life as it might have been on a Victorian country estate. Special events and traditional craft (技艺) and trade courses to learn about the forgotten skills of the past run throughout the year.
The Old School, originally built by Frances Stackhouse Acton in the late 19th century to educate children, has been recently restored and is now an attractive cafe. It serves home-cooked hot and cold meals, snacks and drinks.
Opening times
Saturday-Wednesday 10: 00 to 16:30 March — October, enter before 15:30
Ticket prices
0-2 | Free |
3-17 | £5.00 |
Adults | £9.00 |
Pensioners(领养老金者) | £8.00 |
A.Ride horses with their family. |
B.Learn traditional farming skills. |
C.Attend classes at the Old School. |
D.Cook meals with the farm products. |
A.At 2.00 pm, Monday, May. | B.At 10.00 am, Friday, March. |
C.At 11.30 am on January 1. | D.At 4.30 pm on October 20. |
A.£18. | B.£21. | C.£23. | D.£27. |
【推荐2】Four Best Online English Courses
Udemy: English for Beginners
This 77-hour course is among the bestselling courses. The design based on real need makes it easy to adapt to even the busiest schedules. It opens to students with no knowledge of the language. Learners will become good enough to speak clearly and confidently and understand the language well enough to follow movies and TV.
Price: $109
Time to complete: 20 weeks
Coursera: English for Career Development
Coursera is supported by the US Department of State’s Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs’ office of English learning. Coursera teaches English for business skills like job searching, resumes and interviewing. Learners can start at any time.
Price: $100
Time to complete: 40 weeks
Alison: English for Career Development
This self-paced (自定进度的) course takes a unique approach to teaching business English. English language learners learn the basics of searching, applying, and interviewing for jobs in the United States. Though all parts of the course are free, certification costs $30 and is available only to those who receive 80 percent or higher on their assessments (认证).
Price: Free
Time to complete: Self-paced
Perfectly Spoken: English for Daily Use
This course helps non-locals with the kinds of English used on the street and on vacation. It covers common expressions, such as what to say when meeting and greeting people, and how to express feelings. The course includes the language used when traveling, ordering at a restaurant, and during the United Kingdom holidays.
Price: $90
Time to complete: 36 weeks
1. How much should learners pay for Udemy?A.$30. | B.$90. | C.$100. | D.$109. |
A.They are free of charge. |
B.They must be finished in 40 weeks. |
C.They focus on business English. |
D.They are suitable for pupils. |
A.Perfectly Spoken. | B.Coursera. | C.Alison. | D.Udemy. |
【推荐3】Celebrating the Yorkshire Dialect (方言)
The Yorkshire Dialect Society (YDS) is kicking off a weekend of activities for Yorkshire Day in Keighley Library with what might be described as an important warm-up event and something unique and special about Yorkshire people—how they talk.
Keynote speakers will include Ian Stevenson on the story behind the Yorkshire dialect, such as the point from which it starts and its gradual development; Rod Dimbleby, Chairman of the YDS, on the 19th-century dialect poet and storyteller John Hartley; and Eric Scaife on readings and recitation s of dialect poems and prose (散文). There will also be an exhibition of books and booklets by the Keighley historian, writer and dialect poet, the late Ian Dewhirst.
The Schedule:10:30 Registration and coffee.
11:00 The welcome speech by Rod Dimbleby.
11:10 The story behind the Yorkshire dialect by Ian Stevenson.
12:15 The lunch break. You may bring sandwiches or go to local cafes in Keighley. During the lunch break, there will be time to see the exhibition in the library to remember Ian Dewhirst who sadly died in 2019.
13:30 A talk on John Hartley’s Clock Almanack, a gold mine of the Yorkshire dialect, by Rod Dimbleby.
14:30-14:45 The tea break.
14:45 “Tyke Talk”——a celebration of the Yorkshire dialect through humorous poems and amusing stories—by Eric Scaife.
16:00 Questions and discussion about the future of the Yorkshire dialect.
16:30 Close.
Tickets:
The admission price is £5 for members and £8 for non-members, both of which include the morning coffee and afternoon tea.
1. Who will give the talk on the origins of the dialect?A.Eric Scaife. | B.Ian Stevenson. | C.John Hartley. | D.Rod Dimbleby. |
A.Join in a question-and-answer session. | B.Go into a recitation of poems and prose. |
C.Make sandwiches in Keighley’s local cafes. | D.Attend an exhibition in memory of a poet. |
A.It lasts for two days in total. | B.It looks into the dialect’s future. |
C.It offers a discount to members. | D.It focuses on dialect poets’ life and work. |
【推荐1】On March 1, Dr. Dituri began a project to stay for 100 days at a special hotel called Jules’s Undersea Lodge 30 feet under the ocean surface in a conservation area in Key Largo.
The farther you go below the ocean’s surface, the greater the pressure. Dr. Dituri wanted to learn how this pressure would affect the human body over time. He believes that high pressure could help people live longer and stay healthier as they get older. It could also help doctors treat different medical problems, including brain injuries.
While he was living underwater, Dr. Dituri still stayed busy daily according to his schedule. He often exercised in the morning. He kept teaching his college classes virtually and had online chats with over 5,500 students from 15 different countries. He also worked with ocean experts to figure out ways to preserve the ocean. He even had a number of visitors who dove down to spend a little time with him.
On June 9, De. Dituri returned to the surface with a new world record, beating the old record of 73 days. Many friends, family and other supporters were there to greet him and celebrate his success. Doctors quickly checked him out to make sure he was okay. Actually, Dr. Dturi went through several big changes. For one thing, he became 1.3 centimeters shorter during his time in the higher undersea pressure. Sleeping much better, his health greatly improved in a couple of ways. Dr. Dituri and his team plan to study the information they collected during the project. In November, Dr. Dituri will speak at an important medical meeting in Scotland about the discoveries the scientists made during the project.
Dr. Dituri says his favorite part of the project was talking with young people. “Who knows?” he said. “Maybe one day, one of them will come back and break the record we just set. My greatest hope is that I have inspired a new generation of explorers and researchers to push past all boundaries.”
1. What is Jules’s Undersea Lodge special for?A.Its location. | B.Its reputation. |
C.Its convenience. | D.Its luxuriousness. |
A.To treat his brain injuries. | B.To live longer and healthier. |
C.To deal with medical problems. | D.To test one of his academic ideas. |
A.He was busy with medical experiments. |
B.He kept a daily routine almost as usual. |
C.He led a dull life separated from other people. |
D.He set a world record of living 73 days underwater. |
A.Communicate more with him | B.Explore the unknown bravely. |
C.Meet at the conference in Scotland. | D.Study the information of the project. |
【推荐2】Most people have never heard of Tim Berners Lee. He is not nearly as rich or famous as Marc Andreessen, who is the founder (创办者) of Netscape, or Bill Gates, whose name has become a well known word.
Berners Lee, who works in a small office at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is the creator of the World Wide Web. The creation of the Web is so important that some people compare (比较) Berners Lee to Johann Gutenberg, who invented printing by movable type (活字) in the fifteenth century.
Berners Lee was born in England in 1955. His parents, who helped design the world's first commercially (商业地) computer, gave him a great love of mathematics and learning. In 1980, Berners Lee went to work at CERN, a physics laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland, where he had a lot of material to learn quickly. Now that he had a poor memory for facts, he wanted to find a way to help him keep track of things he couldn't remember. He invented a software program that allowed him to create a document that had links to other documents. He continued to develop his idea through the 1980s. He wanted to find a way to connect the knowledge and creativity of people all over the world.
In 1991, his project became known as the World Wide Web. The number of Internet users started to grow quickly. However, Berners Lee is not completely happy with the way the Web has developed. He thinks it has become a passive (消极的) tool for so many people, not the tool for creativity that he had imagined.
1. What can we know about Berners-Lee from Paragraph 1?A.He is the founder of Netscape. |
B.He is as well-known as Bill Gates. |
C.He is a friend of Marc Andreessen. |
D.He is nobody compared with Marc and Bill. |
A.Bill Gates. |
B.Tim Berners Lee. |
C.Johann Gutenberg. |
D.Marc Andreessen. |
A.Because he wanted to build a database. |
B.Because he was crazy about mathematics. |
C.Because he wanted to make more money. |
D.Because he wanted to link knowledge to creativity. |
A.Positive. | B.Uncertain. |
C.Unsatisfied. | D.Indifferent. |
【推荐3】As a well-known Chinese TV hostess, Dong Qing is now hosting two cultural shows, Chinese Poetry Conference and Readers. The two shows are encouraging people to love traditional culture and find the beauty of life.
Dong was born in a highly educated family in 1973. She had a great love for traditional literature from an early age. In 2015 when she was about to study in the U.S, Dong received an invitation from the director of Chinese Poetry Conference asking her to be the hostess. Because of her passion for traditional literature, Dong accepted the job.
“The contest interests me very much. Hosting it is a process of learning about poetry and performing, ”said Dong. To her great joy, the show has become more and more popular.
Under the slogan ”Reading touches people’s hearts”, the new TV show Readers has become a success. It invites famous guests from all walks of life to read something. Dong works as both hostess and producer.
Readers became a turning point in Dong’ s 21 years of hosting She said it brought her “quite a huge challenge”.
”There is no shortcut in this world. If you want to be a good host, you need to make thorough preparations, said the beautiful hostess. “The charm of life lies in its unknown, so we just have to try and keep going.
1. What show is Dong Qing hosting now?A.Readers. |
B.Chinese Poetry Conference. |
C.Chinese poetry Conference and Readers. |
D.The Voice of China. |
A.In France | B.In England | C.In Japan | D.In America |
A.An actress | B.A singer |
C.A hostess | D.A hostess and producer |
A.love | B.joy | C.surprise | D.pride |