【推荐2】A woman who lost one leg to cancer broke a world record by completing 102 marathon-length runs in 102 days. A marathon is a race that goes 42 kilometres.

Jacky Hunt-Broersma, who lives in Arizona, set her goal in mid-January in 2022. And every day since then, she has been running the distance of a marathon.

Most of the time, she runs on roads and trails near her home in Gilbert, Arizona. Sometimes she completes her runs on a running machine called a treadmill. Hunt-Broersma averages just over five hours to complete the runs.

She kept successfully completing marathon-length runs every day, reaching her goal by April 28. She would then hold the world record for completing 102 back-to-back marathon runs.

The current world record of 101 marathons was set April 10 by British runner Kate Jayden. The 35-year-old Jayden does not have a disability.

Hunt-Broersma, a native of South Africa, lost the bottom half of her left leg to a rare form of cancer in 2001. Until five years ago, she was not very active. But then she looked into running and decided to give it a try. The sport ended up being quite costly. But Hunt-Broersma says her investment has been well worth it.

However, she faced both physical and mental difficulties during her record-breaking attempt. On one recent day, she felt near collapse at 24 kilometres and began to cry. In that moment, she felt like her planned goal might not happen at all.

One of her recent runs was the world-famous Boston Marathon in Boston, Massachusetts. She finished that race, held April 18, with a time of 5 hours, 5 minutes.

Hunt-Broersma’s main support team is her husband and their two young children. She is documenting her progress online and has also gained a large social media following.

Hunt-Broersma is hoping to inspire a single thought in others, regardless of their own physical limitations. She often tells people, “You’re stronger than you think—and you’re capable of so much more.”

1. How did Hunt-Broersma complete the continuous marathon record mostly?

A．By training in the park.	B．With the help of special equipment.
C．Through hard running on ordinary roads.	D．By participating in the official Marathon.

2. According to the text, when did Hunt-Broersma break a world record?

A．By April 10.	B．On April 18.
C．By April 28.	D．At the beginning of May.

3. Why did Hunt-Broersma insist on running a marathon?

A．She wanted to have more fans.

B．She wanted to prove herself.

C．She loved this sport since childhood.

D．This sport didn’t require a lot of investment.

4. Which is the idea reflected in the text?

A．Promise is debt.

B．A close mouth catches no flies.

C．One false move may lose the game.

D．Holding on to the last can overcome difficulties.

【推荐3】This weekly four-day physical activity schedule will get your kids excited about being active.

Tuesday

When the kids get home from school, don’t let them go straight to the TV and get settled in. Encourage them to get moving and get off the couch(沙发) by giving them a pedometer(计步器). Pedometers are the most fun when parents also use one because that turns stepping, walking and running into a game to see who can get the most steps.

Thursday

The kids have done a great job so far this week, but now they long for a little more TV time. Instead of turning on cartoons, let them watch fitness movies made just for kids. These movies encourage watchers to get up and dance along to kid-friendly music.

Saturday

Get the whole family out of the house together and over to a park. Bring lots of sports equipment, pack a healthy picnic and have a family competitive sports day. Kids and adults get into groups and play against each other in tennis, basketball or soccer. After everyone has played hard for a couple of hours, stop for a picnic and then if your family isn’t too tired, go back and play some more.

Sunday

Every child loves to play video games and there is no better time to allow kids to play them than on Sunday when no homework is due. But don’t let them play a game that forces them to sit down for hours. Dance games with a floor mat(垫子) to help kids follow the dance moves are popular to kids.

1. Parents are advised to use a pedometer together with their kids because _______.

A．they can give their kids some advice about walking

B．it can prevent them from watching TV too much

C．their kids will not use it if they don’t

D．this will allow them and their kids to have a fun competition

2. On Thursday when a kid wants to watch TV, his parents should ______.

A．let him watch it for a short time	B．show fitness movies to him
C．take him out for a walk instead	D．watch cartoons with him

3. According to the author, the best time for a kid to play video games is ______.

A．Sunday	B．Tuesday
C．Saturday	D．Thursday

【推荐1】Along with the development of the globe and globalization, an increasing number of events are held in various areas of the world to help connect countries, and there are different views about it. Some people believe that holding international sporting events benefits a country, while others believe that it has negative results.

On the one hand, there are a number of reasons why many people think that hosting an international sporting event is detrimental. Firstly, there will be large gatherings of people, which makes governments have difficulty in controlling the crowd. Things against the law may happen because few people will notice, such as thieves stealing fans’ belongings. Furthermore, fights might occur among too crazy supporters. Secondly, arranging a major sporting festival may cost a large amount of money, which can put a country under great pressure.

On the other hand, the host country might gain certain benefits. Above all, it will promote tourism. The large number of sports fans will allow the country to benefit from the costs of hotels and other expenses resulting from the supporters during their visit to the host country. The host country will also have the chance to improve the country’s image across the globe, which not only helps it attract a big number of foreign tourists, but also helps it improve its international status (地位). Moreover, that a country hosts international events will attract a great number of local audiences, whether or not they are sports fans, which will influence many people’s thinking, increasing their national pride and love for their homeland.

In conclusion, I believe that organizing international sports events will bring more benefits than harm to a country.

1. Why are international sporting events often held according to the passage?

A．They help countries live in peace with each other.

B．They help the host country present a good image.

C．They give sportspeople a chance to show their talents.

D．They can strengthen the connection among countries.

2. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “detrimental” in the second paragraph?

A．Wonderful.	B．Harmful.
C．Unbelievable.	D．Challenging.

3. Which of the following will benefit most by hosting an international sports competition?

A．Tourism.	B．Athletes.
C．The local audiences.	D．The country’s image.

4. What’s the author’s attitude to hosting international sporting events?

A．Negative.	B．Positive.
C．Neutral (中立的).	D．Unclear.

【推荐2】In agricultural, pre-industrial Europe, “you’d want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you’d go back to work,” says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific. “Later, at 5 or 6, you’d have a smaller supper.”

This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family. “Meals are the foundation of the family,” says Carole Counihan, a professor at Millersville University in Pennsylvania, “so there was a very important interconnection between eating together and strengthening family ties.”

Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder, with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand. Certainly, there were benefits. Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, including a dramatic increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us stronger than our ancestors.

Yet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat. Take Italy for example. It’s no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and eat. Italians, says Counihan, traditionally began the day with a small meal. The big meal came at around 1 p.m. In between the midday meal and a late, smaller dinner came a small snack. Today, when time zones have less and less meaning, there is little tolerance for offices’ closing for lunch, and worsening traffic in cities means workers can’t make it home and back fast enough anyway. So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day, the only one at which the family has a chance to get together. “The evening meal carries the full burden that used to be spread over two meals,” says Counihan.

1. What do we learn about people in pre-industrial Europe?

A．They had to work from early morning till late at night.

B．Their life was much more comfortable than that of today.

C．They were so busy working that they only ate simple meals.

D．Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle.

2. What does Professor Carole Counihan say about pre-industrial European families eating meals together?

A．It enabled families to save a lot of money.

B．It was characteristic of the agrarian culture.

C．It brought family members closer to each other.

D．It was helpful to maintaining a nation’s tradition.

3. What does “cultural metabolism” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Pace of life.	B．Changes in lifestyle.
C．Social progress.	D．Evolutionary adaptation.

4. What does the author say about Italians of the old days?

A．They were expert at cooking meals.	B．They enjoyed cooking as well as eating.
C．They ate a big dinner late in the evening.	D．They ate three meals regularly every day.

【推荐3】“Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science.

To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become complex and change, so do scientific methods.

But methodological reform hasn’t come without some worries and friction. Unpleasant things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow (附带事件).

What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic probably shares.

One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire (适得其反) when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.

Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive (认知的) modesty along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.

Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis (假说): that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together.

1. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A．People hold wrong assumptions about the culture of science.

B．The scientific community should practice critical self-reflection.

C．Scientists are unwilling to express kind criticisms.

D．Reformers tend to devalue researchers’ work.

2. What may the strategy of “assuming you are wrong” contribute to?

A．The enormous efforts of scientists at work.

B．The public’s passion for scientific findings.

C．The improvement in the quality of evidence.

D．The reliability of potential research results.

3. What does the underlined word “demoralizing” in Paragraph 5 mean?

A．misleading

B．ineffective

C．discouraging

D．unfair

4. What’s the tone the author uses in talking about the untested hypothesis?

A．reflective and persuasive	B．uncertain but sincere
C．authoritative and direct	D．disapproving but soft