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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:216 题号:19213396

The atmospheric level of carbon dioxide (CO2)—a gas that is great at trapping heat, contributing to climate change—is almost double what it was prior to the Industrial Revolution. This presents a challenge to researchers attempting to design artificial trees or other methods of capturing (捕获) carbon dioxide directly from the air. That challenge is one a Sandia National Laboratories-led team is trying to solve.

Led by Sandia chemical engineer Tuan Ho, the team has been working on a project using powerful computer models combined with laboratory experiments to study how a kind of clay can take in carbon dioxide and store it. “These fundamental findings have potential for direct-air capture; that is what we’re working toward,” said Ho. “Clay is really inexpensive and rich in nature, which should allow us to reduce the cost of direct-air carbon capture significantly, if this high-risk, high-reward project ultimately leads to a technology. What’s more, it can be used like sponges (海绵) to absorb carbon dioxide, and then the gas will be ‘squeezed’ out of and pumped deep underground.”

Carbon capture and storage is the process of capturing extra carbon dioxide from the Earth’s atmosphere and storing it deep underground with the aim of reducing the impacts of climate change such as more frequent severe storms, rising sea levels and increased droughts and wildfires. This carbon dioxide could be captured from fossil-fuel-burning power plants, or other industrial facilities or directly from the air, which is more technologically challenging. Carbon capture and storage is widely considered one of the least controversial technologies, to deal with climate change.

“We would like low-cost energy, without ruining the environment,” said Susan Rempe, a Sandia bioengineer on the project. “Direct-air carbon capture is important for reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. We can live in a way that doesn’t produce as much carbon dioxide, but unfortunately, we can’t control what our neighbors do.”

1. What problem is presented in paragraph 1?
A.The constant change of atmosphere.
B.The design of artificial trees.
C.The rising amount of carbon dioxide.
D.The storage of carbon dioxide.
2. What does “that” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.A computer-aided model.B.High-reward investment.
C.Some low-risk technology.D.Clay-based carbon capture.
3. What can be inferred from Susan Rempe’s words?
A.We need joint efforts to reduce carbon release.
B.Carbon dioxide holds the key to air pollution.
C.Human activities have ruined our environment.
D.Our neighboring countries should take the blame.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.To Capture Carbon Dioxide or Not?
B.Can Clay Capture Carbon Dioxide?
C.What Carbon Dioxide Can Create
D.How Carbon Dioxide Traps Heat
2023·安徽合肥·三模 查看更多[2]

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【推荐1】Secret codes (密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.

People have used secret codes for thousands of years.     1    Code breaking never lags (落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

There are three main types of cryptography.     2    For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

    3    You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”

A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book.     4    For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.”     5    However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.

A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.
B.In any language, some letters are used more than others.
C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D.As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.
E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
F.With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.
G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
2016-11-26更新 | 3074次组卷
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文章大意:本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲的是在一项新的研究中,科学家们将来自60万颗恒星的光分解成确定恒星化学成分的范围。通过这样做,他们能够发现哪些恒星群是银河系的家园,哪些是来自其他起源的闯入者。

【推荐2】By studying light from hundreds of thousands of stars in the Milky Way, scientists have showed where the pieces that make up our galaxy came from.

In a new study, scientists broke the light coming from 600,000 stars into ranges that determine the stars’ chemical composition. In doing this, they were able to find which groups of stars are at home in the Milky Way and which are interlopers (闯入者) with other origins.

“The Milky Way ate up lots of smaller galaxies but we did not have enough evidence for sure.” Sven Buder, a scientist said. “That’s because simple images of stars in our Milky Way look the same whether they were born inside the galaxy or outside and then blended into the galaxy.”

For some time, data showing the motion patterns of stars has indicated that there are many populations of stars in the Milky Way that were not born there. This data has shown that some groups of stars move in different directions from the rest, suggesting that they could have arrived from outside of the galaxy.

Buder and his co-workers used the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) to split the light of those stars into a range of individual colors. By studying these colorful ranges, scientists can see the differing chemical compositions of the observed stars.

“By scanning, we measured how abundant 30 elements, such as iron and manganese (锰), were, and how they appeared in different concentrations depending on where the star was born,” Buder said.

Stars that originated in the Milky Way appear greener, while those from outside glow in yellower shades. Understanding the origins of star populations in the Milky Way may help solve further mysteries of the galaxy’s structure and composition. In the band of the Milky Way, which is visible in the night sky from Earth, older stars are separated from younger ones, but they have not yet figured out why. “Although the Milky Way is our home galaxy, we still do not understand how it formed and evolved,” Buder said.

1. What are scientists trying to know about the Milky Way?
A.How many galaxies it has.B.Where its stars came from.
C.When it came into existence.D.How far it is away from the Earth.
2. Why did Buder use AAT to split the light of stars?
A.To identify the colour of stars.B.To judge the time of their births.
C.To find out their chemical make-up.D.To research the process of their formation.
3. What stars look yellower in the Milky Way?
A.The older stars.B.The younger stars.
C.The stars appearing in the galaxy.D.The stars coming outside the galaxy.
4. What is mainly stressed in the last paragraph?
A.The result of the research.B.The limit of the research.
C.The outlook of the research.D.The significance of the research.
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【推荐3】Having high self-control is often seen as a good thing. It’s believed to be the key to success in life. But as suggested in a theory published by Professor Thomas Lynch, it may not always be a good thing—and for some, it could be linked to certain mental health problems.

According to Lynch’s theory, everyone leans (偏向) more towards one of two personality styles: under control or overcontrol. Being under controlled or overcontrolled is neither good nor bad because most of us are psychologically flexible, and can adapt to different situations. So, regardless of whether we're overcontrolled or under controlled, this flexibility helps us deal with life's challenges and setbacks in a constructive way.

But when we are much less flexible, both under control and overcontrol can become problematic. Most of us are probably more familiar with highly under controlled people, who may struggle to control their emotions and their behaviors may be unpredictable. This can negatively affect their relationships, education, work, and health.

Unfortunately, overcontrol isn't talked about as much. This may be because overcontrolled characteristics—such as persistence, the ability to make plans and stick to them, pursuing perfection, and being in control of emotions-are often highly regarded in our society.

However, highly overcontrolled people may struggle to adapt to changes. They may be less open to new experiences. They may experience bitter feelings of envy towards others, and struggle to relax and have fun in many social situations. They may also use fewer gestures, and rarely smile or cry. Together, these may make a person more likely to experience social isolation and loneliness. This may eventually cause their mental health to worsen.

Alongside his theory, Lynch also developed a treatment designed to treat issues of overcontrol. It helps overcontrolled people by teaching them how to let go of the need t oalways be in control, be more open about their emotions, better communicate with other people, and be more flexible in changing situations. Continued work in the field will hopefully make it easier for people to get the help they need.

1. How does psychological flexibility help people?
A.It backs adjusting to changes effectively.
B.It assists in dealing with similar situations.
C.It supports overcoming physical challenges.
D.It encourages choosing the right personality style.
2. Why is overcontrolled personality less talked about?
A.It is insignificant.B.It is underestimated.C.It fits social values.D.It has changing features.
3. What can be inferred about highly overcontrolled people in paragraph 5?
A.They ignore their mental health.B.They know little of body gestures.
C.They experience few new emotions.D.They have a poor social support network.
4. What is Lynch’s suggestion for highly overcontrolled people?
A.Accepting more changes.B.Interacting with others more.
C.Evaluating feelings more often.D.Releasing more personal needs.
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