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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.4 引用次数:93 题号:19304560

Working out exactly what students and taxpayers get for the money they spend on universities is a tricky business. Now the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD), a Paris-based think-tank for rich countries, is planning to make the task a bit easier, by producing the first international comparison of how successfully universities teach.

“Rather than assuming that because a university spends more it must be better, or using other proxy measures for quality, we will look at learning outcomes,” explains Andreas Schleicher, the OECD’s head of education research. Just as the OECD assesses primary and secondary education by testing randomly chosen groups of youngsters from each country in reading and mathematics, it will sample university students to see what they have learned. Once enough universities are taking part, it may publish league tables showing where each country stands, just as it now does for compulsory education. That may produce a fairer assessment than the two established rankings, though the British one does try to broaden its inquiry by taking opinions from academics and employers.

There is much to be said for the OECD’s approach. Of course a Nobel laureate’s view on where to study may be worth hearing, but those professors may be so busy writing and researching that they spend little or no time teaching—a big weakness at America’s famous universities. And changes in methodology can bring surprising shifts. The high-flying London School of Economics, for example, tumbled(暴跌)from 17th to 59th in the British rankings published last week, primarily because it got less credit than in previous years for the impressive number of foreign students it had managed to attract.

The OECD plan awaits approval from an education ministers’ meeting in January. The first rankings are planned by 2021. They will be of interest not just as a guide for shoppers in the global market, but also as indicators of performance in domestic markets. They will help academics wondering whether to stay put or switch jobs, students choosing where to spend their time and money, and ambitious university bosses who want a sharper competitive edge for their institution.

The task the OECD has set itself is formidable. In many subjects, such as literature and history, the syllabus varies hugely from one country, and even one campus, to another. But OECD researchers think that problem can be overcome by concentrating on the transferable skills that employers value, such as critical thinking and analysis, and testing subject knowledge only in fields like economics and engineering, with a big common core.

Moreover, says Mr Schleicher, it is a job worth doing. Today’s rankings, he believes, do not help governments assess whether they get a return on the money they give universities to teach their undergraduates. Students overlook second-rank institutions in favour of big names, even though the less grand may be better at teaching. Worst of all, ranking by reputation allows famous places to coast along, while making life hard for feisty upstarts. “We will not be reflecting a university’s history,” says Mr Schleicher, “but asking: what is a global employer looking for?” A fair question, even if not every single student’s destiny is to work for a multinational firm.

1. The project by OECD is aimed to__________.
A.assess primary and secondary education of each school that subscribe to the service
B.appraise the learning outcomes of university students as part of their academic performance
C.establish a new evaluation system for universities
D.set up a new ranking for compulsory education
2. The assessment method by OECD is different from the established rankings in__________.
A.that its inquiry is broader as to include all the students and staff
B.that its samples are chosen randomly based on statistical analysis of method
C.that it attaches more importance to the learning efficiency
D.that it takes opinions from the students to see what they have learnt
3. By the case of London School of Economies, the author wants to show that__________.
A.the OECD’s approach is very fair
B.the Nobel laureate’s opinion is not worth hearing
C.the British rankings pay more attention to the foreign students
D.different assessment methods may lead to different ranking results
4. The OECD’s ranking system will probably be welcomed most by__________.
A.parents who pay for the children’s secondary education
B.the famous colleges
C.those ambitious second-rank institutions
D.shoppers in the global market

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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。住在伦敦的美国人乔纳森•邓恩发现在伦敦坐地铁的人保持沉默,互相不说话、不交流,他就想改变这种情况,他向通勤者发放“地铁聊天”的徽章,鼓励他们相互交谈。他的做法收到的大多是积极的反馈,但并不是每个人都同意他的观点。

【推荐1】Despite being used by 1.34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube in London can actually be quite lonely. An unwritten rule encouraging silence, mixed with classic British reserve, means that even though you’re packed into an enclosed space with hundreds of other people, the morning commute (上下班的路程) can leave you feeling somewhat disconnected.

An American living in London, however, is trying to change this. “You get on the Tube here and it’s completely silent and it feels a bit strange,” says Jonathan Dunne, 42, who has started a worldwide dialogue after giving out badges (证章;徽章) with the words “Tube chat?” last month, encouraging commuters in London to get talking to one another.

“I handed out 500 badges during rush hours in a city of 8 million, expecting most of them to be thrown away, but after about 24 hours it completely snowballed,” he says.

Dunne and his “Tube chat” campaign have been covered by media across the world since then, seeing TV interviews in Sweden, Brail and the UK, as well as a lot of website, newspaper and magazine appearances. Although Dunne says he’s received mostly positive feedback, not everyone agrees with his opinion. Londoner Brian Wilson started a campaign of his own, handing out 500 badges with the words “Don’t even think about it” on them. “I can’t stand the idea of having to talk to strangers on the Tube on my way to work,” he told the BBC. Michael Robinson, 24, a student from London, agrees. “Being on the Tube is the only place and quietness some people get on their journeys to and from work. Personally, I don’t want to be troubled by people coming up and chatting to you,” he says.

While London does not appear to be social, not everywhere lacks a sense of community. In Melbourne, Australia, commuters have set up a private Facebook group used to warn one another when ticket inspectors (售票员) board the city’s trams (有轨电车). Most Western cities’ tram stops have no barriers, which makes it possible for some travelers to ride them without buying tickets. Though the group comes with a disclaimer (免费申明), its purpose is actually to warn fare paying members that tickets inspectors are on so that they can ready their smiles and most importantly, their tickets.

Does Dunne hope that some of this community spirit will be mirrored in the UK following his campaign? “People believed that I just walk up and talk to strangers, which I don’t, but it’s been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to,” he says. “On Monday, the curator (馆长) of the London Transport Museum had me over for tea.” So if you ever end up using public transport in the West, why not say hello to the person next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first.

1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A.To blame the loneliness on London Tube.
B.To show the selfishness of Londoners.
C.To express the upset of the Tube riders.
D.To introduce the background of the campaign.
2. Which of the following is TRUE about Dunne’s campaign?
A.It encourages people to avoid chatting on the Tube.
B.It doesn’t win everyone’s support in London.
C.It’s known only to a small number of Londoners.
D.It gives out badges with “Don’t even think about it.”
3. What can be inferred from the underlined sentences?
A.They prefer drinking tea to chatting on the Tube.
B.Dunne didn’t expected to meet the curator on the Tube.
C.Dunne never walks up and talks to strangers on the Tube.
D.It is possible to make friends with a stranger on the Tube.
4. What is the author’s attitude towards Dunne’s campaign?
A.DoubtfulB.Worried
C.SupportiveD.Amazed
2023-04-21更新 | 61次组卷
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【推荐2】After Alexander Pushkin was shot in a duel (决斗) in 1837, crowds of mourners formed in Saint Petersburg. When the wagon carrying the much loved poet’s body reached Pskov province, where he was to be buried, admirers tried to pull the vehicle themselves.

Today’s celebrity funerals tend to involve the public largely digitally rather than in person. But people are passionate all the same. In the past few months, grief has coursed around the Internet for Milan Kundera, and most recently, Michael Gambon. If you stop to think about it, such expressions of strong feelings for writers and actors are odd, even irrational.

Unlike other kinds of grief, this one is not rooted in personal intimacy (亲密关系). If you ever interacted with a cherished author, it was probably during a book tour when she signed your copy of her novel. Maybe you once locked eyes with a musician during a live concert and he smiled at you, but actually he did not even know you.

Objectively, sorrow makes sense when a star dies young or violently. Had she not died at 27, who knows what music Amy Winehouse would have added to her already impressive collections of work? The death of a long-lived and fulfilled artist, however, is far from the saddest item in an average day’s headlines. And while most ordinary people sink into oblivion, these celebrities live on in their output. Why, then, are these losses felt so widely and keenly?

One interpretation is that departed celebrities are merely the messengers. Part of your past —the years in which the musician was the soundtrack, the writer your ally (盟友) — can seem to fade away with them. The grief can be seen as a form of gratitude for the harmony and joy they supplied.

More importantly, the passing of an artist is an occasion for exchanges of ideas. In an atomized age, in which the default (默认) tone is critical, a beloved figure’s death is a chance to share positive feelings and memories with fellow admirers. These sad occasions are the parting gifts of these artists.

1. Why does the author mention Milan Kundera and Michael Gambon in paragraph 2?
A.To prove that celebrities’ funerals tend to attract wider public attention.
B.To illustrate why people express their sadness at the loss of those celebrities.
C.To demonstrate that people’s mourning for celebrities seems strange and unreasonable.
D.To show that people’s grief over celebrities’ death is ridiculous and impractical.
2. The underlined phrase “sink into oblivion” in paragraph 4 probably means ________.
A.are upsetB.are desperateC.are helplessD.are forgotten
3. What can we learn from the passage?
A.People won’t mourn for celebrities unless they have intimate relationships with celebrities.
B.It’s natural that people mourn for celebrities dying young but not for those long-lived ones.
C.People feel sad for the passing of celebrities because of the mental nourishment received.
D.People attend celebrities’ funerals, either in person or on the Internet, to express their loyalty.
4. What’s the author’s attitude towards public mourning for the celebrities?
A.Supportive.B.Disapproving.C.Skeptical.D.Concerned.
2023-12-29更新 | 316次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约440词) | 较难 (0.4)

【推荐3】Have you ever wondered where the chocolate in your favorite candy bar comes from? Choco-


late comes from the cacao tree, which grows in warm, tropical areas of West Africa, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, and South America. And who eats the delicious chocolate made from the cacao grown in these places? The majority of chocolate is consumed in Europe and North America. This probably sounds like a familiar story-developing countries produce inexpensive raw materials that are manufactured and sold as finished goods in developed countries, and generally, that is what happens with chocolate. Large chocolate companies buy cacao beans at a low price and produce cocoa and chocolate products to sell at a relatively high price.

But the familiar story has a new chapter. Beginning in the 1980s, some consumers learned that cacao farmers were living difficult and uncertain lives. The farmers received money for their crops based on world markets, and the market price for cacao was sometimes so low that farmers received less for their crops than the crops had cost to produce. In response, groups of consumers in Europe and the United States developed "fair trade" organizations to guarantee that farmers of cacao, as well as coffee and tea, would receive fair and consistent prices for their crops.

Fair trade organizations benefit farmers by buying cacao beans or other products from them directly at higher-than-market prices and eliminating(消除)“middle men" such as exporters. Fair trade organizations also encourage farming techniques that are not harmful to the environment or to farm workers. for example, growing cacao without chemical pesticides or fertilizers in the shade of rain forest trees.one organization, Equal Exchange, helps farmers set up farming cooperatives in which they can share resources and work on projects such as community schools. Another, Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International(FLO),guarantees that products bearing its label meet standards that improve the lives of growers and producers.

The results of fair trade are a better standard of living for some farmers and nicer chocolate bars made with organically produced cocoa that consumers don't feel guilty about buying. And al- though fair trade chocolate is somewhat more expensive than other chocolate and now makes up only 1% of chocolate sold, the fair trade idea is spreading quickly. You may soon see fair trade chocolate right next to the more famous bars in your favorite store.

1. The underlined word“that”in Paragraph l refers to          
A.the unfair trade between countries
B.the high price of chocolate products
C.the traditional production of raw materials
D.the major consumption of the finished food
2. The organization Equal Exchange aims to          
A.promote chocolate sales
B.offer support to the farmers
C.reduce the cost of growing crops
D.increase the production of chocolate
3. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A.There will be more fair trade chocolate ill the future.
B.Fair trade chocolate is not as tasty as other chocolate.
C.Consumers feel guilty about buying fair trade chocolate.
D.There is probably no reason to worry about cacao farmers.
4. The passage mainly talks about            
A.giving tips on how to undertake fair chocolate trade
B.advising people to join in Fair trade organizations
C.encouraging farmers to adopt organic farming
D.informing people of fair trade chocolate
2017-08-12更新 | 84次组卷
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