【推荐1】Why some brilliant ideas get overlooked?

In 1928, Karl Jansky, a young radio engineer at Bell Telephone Laboratories, began researching static interference that might obscure voice transmissions. Five years later, after building a large rotating antenna (天线) and investigating every possibility he could think of, he published his remarkable ________: some of the static was coming from the Milky Way.

Jansky’s theory was eye-catching enough to be published in The New York Times but scientists were ________. Radio signals from outer space? Surely they were too weak to detect. Jansky’s ideas were largely ________ for about a decade. He died at the age of 44. Thankfully, he lived long enough to see his ideas blossom into field of radio astronomy.

Jansky’s story resonates with us: we all like the idea of the researcher who is so far ahead of their ________ that it takes years for the rest of the world to catch up. Gregor Mendel’s research into plant genetics is a famous example — published in 1866, it was only verified and taken seriously in 1900.

The stories of Jansky and Mendel hold out some hope to anyone who feels that the world has not quite ________ their brilliance. There is even a name for such cases, coined by Anthony van Raan of Leiden University: “Sleeping Beauties”, scientific papers that receive almost no citations for years, before finding wide ________. (Some scholars argue that the term is sexist and prefer “delayed recognition”.)

So what is it about an idea that delays recognition? One view is that brilliant ideas are overlooked when delivered by obscure messengers. Jansky and Mendel were somewhat detached from (离开) the scientific ________. In 1970, the sociologist Stephen Cole published an analysis arguing that the obstacle tended to lie in the ________ of the idea itself, rather than the prestige of the scientist behind it. Ideas fell asleep for a hundred years because they were radical, or confusing, or both.

It is difficult to be sure. Two scholars of the field, Eugene Garfield and Wolfgand Glanzel, have argued that such ________ of delayed recognition are so rare as to be hard to analyse. Studying papers published in 1980 from the vantage (优势) point of 2004, they looked for articles that were barely cited for five years, then subsequently ________. They found just 60 examples in 450,000 cases. There are plenty of examples of research that is barely cited; what is rare is their subsequent popularity.

Why, then, is this myth such a compelling one? One explanation, of course, is that we all love a story of the underdog (黑马) who triumphs against ________. Immediate and sustained success is as boring as immediate and sustained failure.

Another is that scientists themselves are fond of the thought that their ideas are ________. In an essay on delayed recognition, Garfield notes mildly that one historian of science, Derek Price, believed one of his own papers was suffering delayed recognition. It is easy to chuckle, but it is also easy to empathise.

Delayed recognition is rare. Much more ________ is for people simply to reach their prime late in life. David Galenson is an economist who studies the creative output of musicians, artists, directors and others. Galenson has found that while it is quite possible to ________ as a radical young conceptual artist, there are many examples of “old masters” whose later works are more admired than their youthful ones.

We all need to be able to hold on to the idea that the best is yet to come. But it is too tempting to hope that what we have already produced will, one day, be recognized for its brilliance. Good things do not come to those who wait, if ________ is all they do. It is wiser to get back to work and make something better.

【推荐2】Who comes first?

A child’s place in the family birth order may play a role in the type of occupations that will interest him or her as an adult. new research suggests. In two related studies researchers found that only children—and to a certain extent first-born children - were more interested in intellectual careers than later-born children. ________ later-born children were more interested in both artistic and outdoor-related careers.

These results ________ theories that say our place in family birth order will influence our personality, said Frederick T. L. Leong, co-author of the study and professor of psychology at Ohio University. “Parents ________ place different demands and have different expectations of children depending on their birth order. ”

“For example, parents may be extremely ________ of only children and worry about their physical safety. That may be why only children are more likely to show interest in academic pursuits rather than physical or ________ activities. An only child will tend to get more time and attention from their parents than children with sisters or brothers. This will often make them feel special but the ________ is that they may suffer from jealousy and loneliness when friends discuss their brothers and sisters and family life. ”

The first-born is an only child until the second child comes along—transforming them from being the centre of attention, to then ________ the care of parents. Parents will also expect them to be responsible and “set an example”. The ________ from being the focus of a family may be quite a shock and so shape the first-born’s outlook on life. ________ first-borns may try to get back their parents’ attention and approval by achieving success in their careers. It is ________ that first-borns are significantly more often found as political leaders than any other birth-order position.

Being the youngest in the family can sometimes be a(n) ________ experience especially if the child wants to be taken seriously and treated like an adult. The last-born is more likely than the other birth-order positions to take up dangerous sports. This may be a(n) ________ of the last-born’s rebelliousness-a result of being fed up with always being bossed about by everyone else in the family.

Middle children, however, have different ________ . “Middle-child syndrome” can mean feeling ________ between two other “more important” people—an older brother or sister who gets all the rights and is treated like an adult and a younger one who gets all the privileges and is treated like a spoilt child. Middle-borns have to learn to get on with older and younger children and this may contribute to them becoming good negotiators —of all the birth-order positions they are most skillful at ________ both authority figures and those holding inferior positions

【推荐1】According to the U.S. Department of Labor, the estimated cost of a poor performer can beat least 30% of the employee’s first-year expected earnings. That number comes as no _________ considering poor performers might make serious errors, not show up to work consistently, damage customer relationships with poor interactions, or waste their boss’s time.

But what if you haven’t done anything and are still being told you’re not meeting _________? Being labeled a poor performer can negatively impact your reputation within your company, your ability to continue to do your job, and yourself-confidence. Here are four measures to take if you think you’re being mislabeled.

It’s time to start advocating for yourself. If your boss says your performance isn’t up to the standard, be ready to _________ your performance by pointing to your successes.

Have a list of key initiatives you’ve been driving, including the most up-to-date progress you can think of. Also be ready to _________ projects you stepped into and problems you helped solve that your boss may not be aware of. Send these in an email after the conversation so your boss has a(n) _________ list of your wins.

Sharing the wins yourself is not enough--ask peers and other leaders to share your successes with your boss and _________ you. Be specific about your task, to ensure they share _________ of how you found the company’s cost-savings on a recent project or _________ a mission while your colleague was on leave. This is the time for_________ in the workplace to step into action.

Many employees have been expected to take on work outside their original job descriptions. If your boss isn’t aware of all of the __________ tasks you’ve taken on, this could be another reason you’re being mislabeled as a poor performer.

__________, make sure your job description is renewed to account for the additional responsibilities. This is critical to keeping up with your boss on goals and expectations that may have changed.

“Ask yourself: Do you want to continue to work for a boss who doesn’t believe you are meeting the requirements of your job and consistently doubts your abilities? Actually, the energy you are using to __________ your boss can leave you feeling exhausted, damaging your mental and physical health. __________, it could be spent finding another opportunity where you feel seen, valued, and are appreciated for your talents.

Great opportunities are out there waiting for you — don’t let one boss define your career path or what you’re meant to do next.

【推荐2】Fitness experts weigh in on whether it’s safe to skip this sometimes annoying step in your exercise routine.

One of the most important steps in your fitness routine comes at the conclusion. Many know the importance of properly warming up and preparing to exercise, but experts say that incorporating a cool down routine is just as important. According to the Mayo Clinic, cooling down allows for your body to recover and return to its normal, _________ state.

Though cooling down isn’t proven to _________ muscle stiffness or soreness, it can prevent dizziness and allow your heart rate and breathing to ease back to a normal rate, Harvard Medical School reports. Phyllis Mammarelli, personal trainer at the Shenango Valley YMCA in Sharon, Pennsylvania, works with each of her clients on a cool down routine as she says it’s a (n) _________ part of exercising.

“Cooling down allows your body to gradually return to a low-intensity activity level, slowly reducing your respiratory and heart rate until it’s equalized and back to normal” she says.

_________ the recovery phase of a workout isn’t proven to be harmful to your body, but Mammarelli warns that without cooling down, the body will take longer to return back to the low-intensity level activity level you began your workout with.

There are also non-threatening side effects that could occur as a result of forgoing a cool down. Mammarelli warns that blood can gather or pool in your lower extremities and lead to dizziness and _________. Additionally, ACE says to keep an eye on your _________ soreness and stiffness. While soreness after a workout is to be expected, _________ onset muscle soreness can occur 24 - 28 hours after your workout and cause “uncomfortable debilitating pain”. Side effects are mostly seen in the elderly or those with cardiovascular disease and can be _________ by warming up and cooling down. Here are some other signs that you might be working out too much.

Allow five to 10 minutes at the _________ of your workout for a cool-down routine. During this period, continue your workout session, but at a much reduced rate. If you’re __________ for time during your workouts or unsure how to allow your body to recover, Mammarelli suggests stretching muscles in a pain-free range of __________. Here’s an easy stretch __________ to try.

Tacking on a few __________ minutes to your workout for cooling down may seem like a(n) __________, but the benefits outweigh the cost of finding extra time in your __________. If you need inspiration for scheduling the time to workout and cool downlook to these women who work out every day.

【推荐3】Does life seem to be full of impossible problems? How many times do you find yourself saying things like “I really don’t understand this maths problem”? Maybe it’s time to introduce yourself to the _________ of yet. By adding this simple word, you can change everything, “I really don’t understand this maths problem yet.” Suddenly, the _________ becomes possible.

I read about a school that has _________ the way it _________ its students’ exams. The school recognized that the old pass/fail system wasn’t helping students’ _________. If you passed, then great, but those students who didn’t pass often felt like _________. So now students who don’t get the score they need to pass, don’t see a big red “F” for “fail” on their exam papers; _________ they see a “Not yet”. That way the students feel that they are on a journey. They haven’t reached the _________ , but they know that they are going the right way.

This kind of _________ is part of what experts call “having a growth mindset”. People with a growth mindset don’t __________ failure. They aren’t worried by not getting things right the first time and are __________ to keep trying until they do. They enjoy the __________ and believe they can change. __________ , people who just focus on failure have what the experts call “a fixed mindset”. These people are always worried about failure and are happy to __________ when things don’t go right. __________, it is better to have a growth mindset than a fixed mindset.