Objects in the night sky are disappearing from view because of light pollution, according to a new study. Outdoor lighting from street lamps, office buildings and vehicle headlights leads to sky less bright, which is when the night sky gets brighter. The brighter it is at night, the harder it is to see stars and planets from Earth.
Christopher Kyba, an astronomer with the GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences, led his team studying 50,000 star observations between 2011 and 2022. “If the brightening of the night sky continues at the current rate,” Kyba said, “a child born in a place where 250 stars are visible will only be able to see 100 stars by the time he or she turned 18.”
The issue is global but particularly common in North America, where 80% of people cannot see the Milky Way galaxy(银河系). This huge group of billions of stars should look like a wide strip of light in the dark night sky. However, only very remote places, such as the Sahara Desert and the Amazon rainforest, have a truly dark night sky.
Light pollution makes it harder for astronomers to study stars and planets. It also causes problems for animals. Animals active at night like bats become confused and crash into objects. Turtles that hatch(孵化) at night need moonlight to find the sea, but artificial lights can confuse them and make them head inland instead. Birds in cities often wake up and start singing earlier than they should. Human lights also cause themselves to produce less of a chemical called melatonin (褪黑激素). This can lead to sleep problems, headaches, tiredness, and mood issues.
To help, scientists want to raise awareness of light pollution. They suggest that people use outdoor lighting that causes less light pollution, such as motion-sensitive lights that switch on only when they’re needed.
1. How does the author lead in the topic of the text?A.By asking a question. |
B.By referring to a study. |
C.By making comparisons. |
D.By showing experiments. |
A.Light pollution is becoming serious. |
B.Stars are becoming fewer year by year. |
C.Kids are losing interest in watching stars. |
D.It’s easier for adults to see stars than kids. |
A.Humans produce more melatonin. |
B.Turtles are forced to hatch at sea. |
C.Birds in cities wake up much later. |
D.Bats can get lost during the flight. |
A.Pollution does affect children. |
B.Light causes human sleep problems. |
C.Light pollution is making stars disappear. |
D.There are some ways to deal with light pollution. |
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【推荐1】Do you have frightening dreams while sleeping? According to an email interview by clinical psychologist and sleep expert Dr. Michael Breus, roughly 5 percent of the general population has at least one bad dream per week. Nightmares typically happen during REM sleep, during the middle and later parts of the night.
There is no exact explanation for nightmares, but Breus says it’s possible that they help the brain practise, prepare for and even anticipate difficult or dangerous experiences in waking life. Of course, it’s possible that nightmares, like dreams in general, don’t have a primary function — that they’re a by-product of other activities in the body. But most sleep scientists think that dreams and nightmares exist for some purposes.
One study found the most common nightmare was falling, followed by dreams of being chased, feeling lost, and feeling trapped. Then why do nightmares happen?
“Certain circumstances and characteristics make some people more likely to have nightmares than others,” says sleep medicine specialist Dr. Barry Krakow. He thinks people who’ve been traumatized (使受精神创伤) are certainly at a higher risk of nightmares. Examples are offered of those who have suffered criminal attacks, or who have been in life-threatening accidents. People with some degree of sensitivity in their biological make-up are also more likely to have bad dreams, so they’re more common in people who suffer from anxiety or depression, or who use excess drugs or alcohol.
The traditional belief often has it that nightmares are the result of eating too much rich food before bedtime, but it is still uncertain whether this is true. One study from 2015 did find a link between eating dairy or hot foods before bedtime and having disturbing dreams, but the study authors noted that this couldn’t be proven definitely because the data was self-reported and there were a lot of other factors to consider.
However, research in recent decades has shown that people who suffer from sleep disorders are also more likely to have nightmares.
1. What may Dr. Breus agree with about nightmares?A.They come true once in a while. |
B.They happen at any time during sleep. |
C.They possibly help predict future events. |
D.They arise for some really specific purposes. |
A.Paul who often stays up late. | B.Jack who has had horrible experiences. |
C.Peter who is sensitive to alcohol. | D.John who sleeps in a noisy environment. |
A.Eating rich food before bedtime will cause nightmares. |
B.The data used in the 2015 study was reliable and accurate. |
C.The traditional belief about nightmares has been disproved. |
D.The link between dairy or hot food and nightmares is still uncertain. |
A.Mental health. | B.Popular culture. | C.Eating habits. | D.Life experiences. |
【推荐2】A discovery of mummies in the Tarim Basin in China from the 1990s has finally been uncovered. The remains showed evidence of western origin, but after a DNA test, it turns out that these mummies are a bit more local than once thought.
The Tarim Basin is mostly covered by the Taklamakan Desert, which is dry and unlivable for human settlement. Located in central Asia, this was the location of an incredible anthropological (人类学的) find. The remains of thousands of people were discovered alongside clothes, tools, food, and other artifacts. The dry climate created a perfect setting for preservation for what is now known as a 4,000-year-old civilization.
This discovery was noted as even more of a mystery because of the western look of the clothing on the mummies and the burial practices that had never been known before-all of the remains were found laid to rest in wooden boats. This is odd due to the location of the find-the middle of the desert. Many believed that these peoples were wanderers or nomads, but genome sequencing (基因组测序) done on 13 of the mummies by Chinese, European, and American researchers showed that these remains are actually native children of an ancient ice-age civilization.
This genetic (基因的) research is only the beginning. There are still mysteries surrounding this find. “The mummies have long fascinated scientists and the public since their original discovery. Beyond being extraordinarily preserved, they were found in a highly unusual context, and they exhibit diverse and far-ranging cultural elements, ” stated Christina Warinner, an associate professor of anthropology at Harvard. The research surrounding this discovery will continue globally and with every bit of information uncovered, the more the anthropological community, as well as the public, will understand about this incredible find.
1. How did the origin of the mummies come to light?A.By identifying their DNA. | B.By observing the local climate. |
C.By analyzing western mummies. | D.By investigating the past remains. |
A.They date back to 4000 years ago. | B.They combine to form a big puzzle. |
C.They have their own characteristics. | D.They appear in the same livable place. |
A.Hold an international exhibition. | B.Move them to a new protection spot. |
C.Work hard on the fascinating discovery. | D.Focus on the global cultural differences. |
A.Another Breakthrough in Genetic Research |
B.An Incredible Anthropological Find in Asia |
C.China Sees Another Ancient Ice-age Civilization |
D.Mummies in China Carry an Ancient Origin Story |
【推荐3】I was taking a memory test while lying inside an MRI scanner to see whether the brains of memory champions like me were different from anyone else’s.
When the results were published, the findings were very positive.
Everyone can get more from their memory. Any formation can be turned into imagery ---- immediately switching on parts of the brain that create rich, multi-layered memories.
Try it yourself. Here’s a list of random words ---- just the sort of information that’s used to test would-be memory champions.
MOUNTAIN, TAINBOW, PEA, SOFA,
SHEEP, SNOWMAN, WINDMILL,
NEWSPAPER, PIANO, UMBRELLA
As images, rather than words, these items will stay longer in your short-term memory.
Fire up your visual memory and get your brain buzzing. Notice the relative sizes of the items on the list. Look out for any similarities or differences in shapes, colours or textures. And ask yourself if any of the words fall into obvious pairs or patterns.
A.But don’t just read the words. |
B.So learn from the champions, |
C.And by letting your brain engage with them in new ways, |
D.There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. |
E.After a few minutes, cover the page and see how many words you recall. |
F.Thus, remembering can be thought of as an act of creative reimagination. |
G.Expert memorisers didn’t have any physical differences between our ears. |
【推荐1】There are many kinds of pollution, which can be classified by environment, including air pollution, water pollution, and land pollution. Modern society is also concerned about specific types of pollution, such as noise pollution, light pollution and plastic pollution. Pollution of all kinds may not only have negative effects on the environment and wildlife, but also do harm to human health and well-being.
Although environmental pollution can be caused by natural events such as forest fires and active volcanoes, use of the word “pollution” generally means that the wastes have an anthropocentric source—that is, a source created by human activities. Pollution has accompanied humankind ever since groups of people first congregated and remained for a long time in any one place. Indeed, ancient human settlements are frequently recognized by their wastes, Pollution was not a serious problem as long as there was enough space available for each individual or group. However, with the establishment of permanent settlements by great numbers of people, pollution became a problem, and it has remained one ever since.
By the middle of the 20th century, an awareness of the need to protect air, water, and land environments from pollution had developed among the general public. In particular, the publication in 1962 of Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring focused attention on environmental damage caused by improper use of pesticides such as DDT. In response, major pieces of environmental law and regulation were passed in many countries to control the environmental pollution.
Great efforts are made to limit the release of harmful substances into the environment. Unfortunately, attempts at pollution control are surpassed by the scale of the problem, especially in less-developed countries. Noxious levels of air pollution are common in large cities. To control the pollution completely, we still have a long way to go.
1. What does paragraph 1 mainly talk about?A.The history of pollution. | B.The types of pollution. |
C.The causes of pollution. | D.The effects of pollution. |
A.Natural disasters. | B.Forest fires. |
C.Volcanoes. | D.Human activities. |
A.Gathered. | B.Separated. |
C.Attended. | D.Lived. |
A.No measures have been taken by the government to control the problems of pollution. |
B.The book Silent Spring helped to improve the awareness of protecting the environment. |
C.Silent Spring concentrated on the improper use of plastic bags. |
D.The pollution has been controlled in less-developed countries. |
【推荐2】E-waste is fast becoming a serious global problem.
The source of e-waste
We live in a society that constantly produces and consumes electronic products. It is often cheaper to buy new pieces of equipment than to repair old ones. Also, through clever advertising, companies persuade consumers to replace their old TVs, mobile phones and computers for the latest models. E-waste is created when we throw away electronic equipment like this. In the EU alone, about 8.7 million tonnes of e-waste is produced each year.
The problem with e-waste
Burying e-waste in landfills or burning it causes serious problems for the environment.
Global recycling schemes (计划)
Take-back policy
Another solution to e-waste is to make manufacturers responsible for their used products. This could mean forcing them to take back old products which are no longer wanted.
Consuming less
We can all reduce the amount of waste we produce by buying electrical products only when we have to.
A.In recent years, many countries have started recycling e-waste. |
B.They should then make sure they are properly recycled or reused. |
C.Sadly, just over one million tonnes is recycled. |
D.This report will examine this problem and provide some possible solutions. |
E.By resisting the temptation to buy a product just to have the latest version, we cut down on e-waste. |
F.Electronics contain dangerous chemicals and metals. |
G.Both manufacturers and consumers must accept their responsibilities and make efforts to keep it to a minimum. |
【推荐3】White sand beaches of the Cocos Islands, which are known as a splendid tourist destination surrounded by greenish blue water, have now been filled with wastes like abandoned plastic water bottles, toothbrushes and cigarette lighters.
Jennifer Lavels, a marine scientist, went to these tropical islands with her research team. Knowing that lots of beaches were polluted by plastic wastes, the team conducted a careful scientific examination on the coast, only to find the problem caused by pieces of trash humans left was worse than expected.
Not all plastics are to blame. They are necessary in places like hospitals and airplanes , and make our vehicles lighter and more efficient. However , other plastics, especially disposable(一次性的) plastics , account for the growing mess on the beaches. Islands all over the world are jammed with plastics. And the Cocos Islands are no exception.
It requires the greatest effort of all time to control plastic pollution in modern society. No matter how tall the hurdles are , something has to be done.
Apparently, demand for disposable plastics must be reduced greatly. “Why don't we carry around bags that we can use over and over again?” asked Richard Gross, a chemist who researches innovative ways to make more sustainable plastics. “Let's carry about reusable lunch boxes. We should understand how serious the situation is.”
Although it is important for individuals to make an effort to avoid using disposable plastics, it is also generally believed that only with international rules can such a deep- rooted, common, and worldwide disaster be tackled.
However, the U.N, which engages in dealing with accelerating climate change and public health crises , obviously isn't paying enough attention to calling for international action on plastic pollution. As a result, billions of plastic products will still be produced every year, many of which will end up in the ocean.
Nowadays, fish are eating plenty of plastics, and people eat those fish. It remains unrevealed how it will affect human health, but clearly the amount of plastics used has increased many times in the last several decades, and if this tendency goes on , by 2050 an enormous amount of carbon will be released into the already carbon-saturated
(碳饱和的)skies.
1. Why does the author mention the Cocos Islands in the first paragraph?
A.To admire the white sand on the islands. |
B.To present the problem of plastic pollution. |
C.To introduce a newly-made scientific study. |
D.To show the damage of the islands caused by tourists. |
A.People don't take the problem seriously. |
B.The problem is too tough to deal with. |
C.The problem is as difficult as jumping over tall hurdles. |
D.Measures must be taken whatever difficulty there is. |
A.It's doubtful. | B.It's favourable. | C.It's uncaring. | D.It's cautious. |
A.Ocean pollution caused by plastics |
B.Cocos Islands——An unforgettable attraction. |
C.A scientific research on disposable plastics. |
D.Disposable plastics——A major concern in the world |
【推荐1】At one time, computers were expected largely to remove the need for paper copies of documents(文件) because they could be stored electronically. But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper.
It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. “I feel in my bones this revolution is causing more trees to be cut down,” says Ted Smith of the Earth Village Organization.
Perhaps the best sign of how computer and Internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new markets. Several Internet companies have been set up to help small businesses print quality documents from a computer. Earlier this week Hewlett-Packard Co. announced a plan to develop new technologies that will enable people to print even more so they can get a hard copy of a business document, a medical record or just a on-line e-mail, even if they are nowhere near a computer. As the company sees it, the more use of the Internet the greater demand for printers.
Does all this mean environmental concerns (环境问题) have been forgotten? Some activists suggest people have been led to believe that a lot of dangers to the environment have gone away.
“I guess people believe that the problem is taken care of, because of recycling(回收利用),” said Kelly Quirke, director of the Rainforest Action Network in San Francisco. Yet Quirke is hopeful that high-tech may also prove helpful. He says printers that print on both sides are growing in popularity.
The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste.
1. The growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to ________.A.the rapid development of small businesses |
B.the opening up of new markets |
C.the printing of high quality copies |
D.the increased use of the Internet |
A.to encourage printing more quality documents |
B.to develop new printers using recycled paper |
C.to find new materials for making paper |
D.to plant more fast-growing trees |
A.people are concerned about the environment |
B.printers in many offices are working overtime |
C.small companies need more hard copies |
D.they see a growing market for printers |
A.Computers and Printers |
B.E-mail and the Business World |
C.Internet Revolution and Environment |
D.Modern Technology and New Markets |
【推荐2】Right at this moment, cockroaches (蟑螂) are doing more to save the environment than you are. A big overstatement? Not if you’ve ever thrown away leftovers from your plate or bought more food than you could manage to cook in a week. You’re part of the food waste problem. But just like cockroaches, you can also be part of the solution.
For example, some farmers in Asia and Africa collect tomatoes in big bags, which means that many of them get crushed out of shape and spoiled before they can be sold or eaten. Switching the bags for large wooden containers already lowers the amount of food lost. Similar successes can and have been achieved in various regions with weather-protected storage facilities.
Let’s focus on China for a second. It’s one of the few countries with an innovative approach to minimizing the environmental impact of food waste. How does it do it? Cockroaches. Millions of the tiny creatures are kept in farms in the suburban districts of big cities. Every morning, food waste is delivered by the tonnes and fed to the cockroaches. Just like tiny pigs, they’re not picky and devour everything quickly. After they die, they’re processed into protein-rich feed for animals such as cows or sheep, or used for cosmetic products and Chinese medicine. It’s an efficient and environmentally-friendly alternative to dumping leftover food in a landfill. Cockroaches aren’t going to solve the problem with food waste, but they can serve as an inspiration for finding other similar solutions on a wider scale.
To avoid food waste completely, improvements are needed at every step of the food supply chain, from production to retail. These take time and are often out of your hands as a consumer. But a meaningful reduction of food waste is definitely in your hands. You can not only buy less and shop more often, but also cut down on animal products.
1. Which link in the food supply chain does paragraph 2 focus on?A.Processing. |
B.Packaging. |
C.Transporting. |
D.Trading. |
A.Preserve. |
B.Transform. |
C.Grasp. |
D.Swallow. |
A.It is widely used around the world. |
B.It solves the problem with food waste. |
C.It lessens the environmental impact of pigs. |
D.It inspires people to seek creative solutions. |
A.Some solutions to food waste. |
B.The current state of food waste. |
C.Cockroaches’ help to save the environment. |
D.Some factors contributing to food waste. |
【推荐3】Every country has its heroes. The heroes are the people the nation and especially the young people admire. If you get a list of the heroes of a nation, it will tell you the potential of that nation.
If today in America, you ask the high school students to list their heroes, their choice would probably fall into three groups. The first group of heroes would be the rock stars—the people connected with rock music. There is no doubt that such people do have talent but one wonders if one should hold up rock stars as a model. The rock stars too often are involved with drugs and their personal life is not all that good. The rock stars are rich and wear the latest fashion styles. However, one should seek more in a hero than such things as money and good clothes.
A second type of hero for the American youth is the sports star. Again you have a person who has a great ability in one area—SPORTS. However, too often the personal life of the sports star is a bit of a mess. Too frequently drugs and drinking are a part of life of the sports star.
A third type of hero is the TV or movie star. This person may have lots of acting talent and is quite handsome. However, the personal life of too many actors is quite sad and they should not be held up as a model for young people.
Today, the rock star, the athlete and the actor all have become the models of the youth in America. Really, do you hear a young person say that his hero is a doctor, a teacher, or a scientist? These people are not rich and do not wear fashionable clothes. However, they are talented people who work hard to make the world a better place for everyone.
What is really sad is that the young try to imitate their heroes. They like to wear the same clothes and follow their styles. If the heroes of today for the American youngsters are limited only to rock stars, athletes and actors, the future does not look too bright.
1. Why rock stars shouldn’t be regarded as a model according to this passage?A.They cannot compose very good music. |
B.Most of them are not honest persons. |
C.They care more about themselves than others. |
D.Often they don’t live a healthy and respectable life. |
A.They are not clever but are good-looking. |
B.They are rich but are strict with themselves. |
C.They are talented in some area but lead a disordered life. |
D.They are perfect in every way. |
A.a university professor | B.a popular singer |
C.a football player | D.a film actress |
A.who are rich, famous and wear the latest fashionable clothes |
B.Who are talented and do things that are beneficial to society. |
C.who plays an important role in a play |
D.who have a great ability in sports. |
A.He is understanding. | B.He is critical. |
C.He is neutral (中立的). | D.He is uninterested. |
【推荐1】The concept of “forest bathing” has long been praised for its supposed health benefits. It can improve mental health and cognitive (认知) performance, reduce blood pressure and even treat depression and anxiety. Yet forests can be hard to reach or completely inaccessible in a world where as many as 5 billion people might live in urban environments by 2030. Some scientists believe that virtual reality could offer an alternative.
VR has already been used to help distract children undergoing medical procedures, and icy virtual landscapes have eased the pain of burn victims. Could virtual forests obtain the same physiological responses as real ones?
A group of scientists at the Czech University of Life Sciences—a psychologist with researchers in the forestry department—has tested the assumption by taking a group of 15people into the Roztocky háj nature reserve for 30-minute bathing sessions. They then used laser scanners to develop a virtual twin of the same area of forest, enhanced with audio recordings. Twenty participants, including 10 who visited the real forest, spent 30 minutes in the virtual forest. Questionnaires assessing the participants emotional states revealed no significant difference between the two experiences, according to the results. As the forestry researcher leading the project explained, “I was aware that the forest was not real. However, the experience was vivid, and it was easy for me to forget that I was in an experimental room.”
There are limitations, of course. Since computer processing power is finite (有限), virtual forests have physical boundaries. Some of the participants said they felt caged when they encountered the invisible forest wall. Power constraints (约束) also mean the computer is not perfect at small details like mushrooms or insects. Nor can virtual environments imitate every sensory experience of a real forest, like the smell of damp leaves. Making other sensations, like the feel of wind would prove more complicated.
Virtual environments can also cause cybersickness, which happens when your eyes perceive motion while your body does not. That is why some people felt dizzy after the bathing sessions. Psychologists and computer scientists hope that further research with larger groups of participants will help to overcome these limitations.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.The origin of forest bathing. | B.The decrease of the real forest. |
C.The necessity of virtual forest bathing. | D.The expansion of urban environment. |
A.They felt almost the same as the real forests. |
B.They longed for staying at the virtual forests. |
C.They preferred surroundings with audio recordings. |
D.They felt it difficult to adapt to experimental room. |
A.Invisible forest walls. | B.Better small details. |
C.Physical boundaries. | D.Sensory from real forest. |
A.he feels curious and excited about forest bathing |
B.his body isn’t used to the motion it’s experiencing |
C.his psychologist or doctor gives him an examination |
D.he fails to overcome the limitations of environments |
【推荐2】Dr Paul King at Texas Christian University has been an influential scholar in the field of communication studies for 30 years. I spoke to King about his research into “state anxiety in listening performance”. Most of us believe that anxiety impacts only the person giving the speech or presentation. Dr King has discovered that audience members feel anxiety, too.
King says that listening is a tiring activity because the learner is continually adding material to be remembered-retrieved-later. This is what he means by “cognitive backlog(认知积压)”. Put simply, the longer the task or the more information that is delivered, the greater the cognitive load. According to King, listening to a five-minute presentation produces a relatively small amount of cognitive backlog; an 18-minute presentation produces a little more, while a 60-minute presentation produces so much backlog that you risk seriously upsetting your audience unless you create a very engaging presentation with “soft breaks”— stories, videos, demonstrations, or other speakers.
The longer the presentation, the more the listener has to organize, comprehend, and remember. The burden increases along with a listener’s anxiety. They become increasingly frustrated, even angry. King says that the current research into memory processing suggests that it’s better to study content on two or three occasions for a short period of time instead of spending an entire evening cramming(填鸭式学习).
King applies the results to his graduate class on research methods. If given a choice, most graduate students would rather attend a single three-hour class than three 50-minute classes. When King taught his class once a week, he found that the students returned for the next class having lost most of the information they had learned the prior week. King discovered the “better practice” was to schedule the same content on three separate occasions, such as Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. King said that despite objections, when he taught the class on three occasions his students scored better and exhibited a better memory of the complex material.
1. What does Dr Paul King say about “cognitive backlog”?A.It should be prevented from happening. |
B.It is affected by the number of listeners. |
C.It changes with the length of a presentation. |
D.It produces a negative effect on mental health. |
A.To ease listeners’ anxiety. | B.To show the talents of speakers. |
C.To add topics to the presentation. | D.To make the presentation longer. |
A.Exploring complex materials. | B.Completing a single task at a time. |
C.Breaking up the whole into parts. | D.Grouping students by their levels. |
A.It was welcomed by students. | B.It turned out to be a success. |
C.It made no difference indeed. | D.It still had room for improvement. |
【推荐3】The Mogao Grottoes were a center of Buddhist life and some of the world’s great cultures for hundreds of years. However, by the late Qing Dynasty they had been abandoned and nearly forgotten and many of the caves had become damaged by the elements. Around 1900, with the discovery of a library of thousands of ancient documents, the caves received new interest from Chinese and foreign researchers. Unfortunately, this resulted in tens of thousands of items from the caves being taken to foreign museums
In the 1940s, many researchers and artists visited the area to study traditional Chinese art. Copies of some of the artwork painted by respected artists such as Zhang Daqian and GuanShanyue helped people all over the country learn about Dunhuang. These artists were also inspired by the artwork they saw in the caves and it began to influence their painting styles. Others staved in the desert for much longer, Chang Shuhong stayed for the rest of his life — struggling to record the cultural treasures and protect them from the weather. As a result of their efforts the Dunhuang Academy was formed to protect and study the Mogao Grottoes.
In 1987, the Mogao Grottoes were named a UNESCO World Heritage Site. While the caves are open to the public, access is now limited in order to protect the artwork. However, the caves can be seen online in digital form so that people around the world can study and enjoy them.
Despite its remoteness, the Mogao Grottoes continue to draw visitors. And just as the sand and desert have survived largely unchanged through the centuries, this small art gallery in the desert has also survived largely unchanged providing an amazing look at a world long ago past.
1. When did the Mogao Grottoes regain the world’s attention?A.Hundreds of years ago. |
B.In the late Qing Dynasty. |
C.In the late eighties of the 20th century. |
D.Around the beginning of the 20th century. |
A.To learn about their works. |
B.To show how hard they worked. |
C.To compare their different styles. |
D.To appreciate their contributions. |
A.they can do researches online |
B.they can enjoy the digital versions |
C.they can watch copies in art galleries |
D.they can study them in foreign museums |
A.The Mogao Grottoes — Center of Buddhist Life |
B.The Mogao Grottoes — Art Gallery in the Desert |
C.Respected artists — Protectors of the Mogao Grottoes |
D.An Amazing Tourist Attraction — The Mogao Grottoes |