Years ago, I interviewed James Patterson, an advertising manager, about the latest campaign. But all he wanted to talk about was fiction-writing. “I hope to be a writer. It is always in my head,” he said.
I remember thinking: Sure, you and everybody else.
A decade or so later, however, I was surprised to see James on TV, holding up his new book.
Mr. Patterson’s ability to see himself as a writer illustrates a concept known as “possible selves.” The term, coined in 1986 by the social psychologists Hazel Markus and Paula Nurius, grew out of research on self-concept. While self-concepts – “I am a kind person” or “I am a good parent”- are rooted in the present, the researchers found people are also informed by ideas about what they might become and how they might change.
These possible selves, both positive and negative, are closely related to motivation. A violin student who envisions life as a professional musician might be motivated to practice. A person whose feared possible self is an alcoholic may become a non-drinker. In a small study, when young adults were encouraged to envision themselves as either regular exercisers (hoped-for selves) or inactive(feared selves), both groups exercised more in the weeks afterward.
A possible self can take you beyond daydreams, which are often not necessarily grounded in reality. It can come to fruition if you build a bridge from your “now” self to the possible self. “If you’re regularly dreaming of a different career, enroll in a course, shadow someone, take up a hobby or a side job. Making the transition requires you to say now, today, this week, these are the steps I can actually take to attain the goal,” said Daphna Oyserman, a psychology professor at the University of Southern California.
But don’t quit your job just yet. An analysis of career-transition research concluded that successful reinventions require adjustments and re-evaluations as you go. Mr. Patterson, for example, wrote almost a dozen books while still at his ad agency; he found his style only after many tries.
1. Why does the author mention the interview?A.To show his expectation. | B.To explain his surprise. |
C.To display Patterson’s ability. | D.To introduce a concept. |
A.It involves three aspects. |
B.It allows for personal growth. |
C.It ensures one a promising future. |
D.It includes the idea of self-concept. |
A.The idea of “now”self. |
B.The wish for the career transition. |
C.The importance of concrete action. |
D.The necessity of expert-consulting. |
A.Different writing styles. |
B.Multiple research methods. |
C.Patterson’s success in his advertising business. |
D.The exploration and adaptation of job transition. |
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【推荐1】When colds or flu attacks, many people treat themselves to the comfort of warm blankets and hot chicken soup. Chicken soup has been shown to be more than just a comfort food, however.
An ancient Greek manuscript (手稿) written around 200BC describes how chicken soup can be used to treat respiratory (呼吸的) disorders, such as colds and flu. In the 12th century another Greek scholar wrote that chicken soup eases the symptoms people have when they have colds and flu. Modern research is showing that there is a basis for this old belief that chicken soup can help the common cold or other respiratory problems.
When a person gets a cold, the cold virus makes itself at home in one’s nose, sinuses and throat, resulting in swelling in these areas. The result is sore throat, headache, congestion (充血), coughing, etc. One experiment showed that hot chicken soup can clear the congestion that comes with a cold.
Chicken soup contains compounds (化合物) that stop the swelling which causes this problem. Scientists still don’t know why chicken soup works, but they are sure that it does. They have also found that in order to be effective, the soup must be made with vegetables. Scientists think that it may be due to the presence of some healthful elements (元素) found in plants. Perhaps the best evidence for the effectiveness of chicken soup comes from the research of one scientist who found that chicken soup is rich in a chemical widely used in cold medicines.
Thus, when your mother or grandmother tells you to eat chicken soup when you have a cold or flu, go ahead and enjoy it. You will be doing something worthwhile for your body as well as pleasing her.
1. Why are the two Greeks referred to in Paragraph 2?A.Because Greece has a long food history. |
B.Because Greeks like drinking chicken soup. |
C.To prove colds and flu spread widely in Greece. |
D.To show chicken soup has some medical effects. |
A.Eat it at the right time. | B.Choose healthy chicken. |
C.Add vegetables into it. | D.Take it with cold pills. |
A.scientists find that chicken soup can kill cold viruses |
B.scientists doubt if chicken soup really helps a cold |
C.it takes less money to treat a cold with chicken soup |
D.elders tend to appreciate the effects of chicken soup |
A.Chicken Soup Helps to Cure a Cold | B.Why Not Eat Chicken Soup Often |
C.You May Well Need Chicken Soup | D.How to Deal with a Common Cold |
【推荐2】Wearing flip-flops (平底人字拖鞋) was once considered bad fashion manners. And flip-flops are considered only for beach goers or a short, relaxing walk to the mailbox on a hot summer day.
However, wearing flip-flops could be bad for our bodies and the scientific studies are there to back it up. As a rule, flip-lops are not particularly supportive shoes even if they are comfortable and cool to wear. There is actually no arch support to flip-flops. By nature of design, flip-flops aren’t exactly fit for the foot — they don’t stay on well. In order to walk without losing a shoe, people unconsciously change their ways of walking.
Some experts also warn of short-term effects. Wearing flip-flops instead of more appropriate footwear for certain activities, especially when too much walking is involved, can lead to injured feet and ankles.
A.Most flip-flops lack stability. |
B.The right pair of flip-flops don’t have to be limited to sunny beach days. |
C.But flip-flops don’t have to be limited to sunny beach days. |
D.There are also a few varieties designed with foot health in mind. |
E.Over a long time, wearing them too much could lead to foot, leg and back pain. |
F.However, in recent years, these shoes have become much more fashion-forward. |
G.Without having to give up wearing flip-flops entirely, experts recommend limiting their use. |
【推荐3】Plants and exposure to greenery have been found to have multiple mental health benefits, such as lowering stress, decreasing feelings of depression, increasing sociability, restoring focus, improving cognitive performance, improving mood, and increasing self-esteem.
Gardening and care for plants can help to turn people away from negative thoughts or emotions. So with all that, what do these experts recommend as the best plant?
Snake plant. It’s very easy to care for, thrives in spaces with low sunlight, has visual appeal, and cleans the air, and they are drought resistant if you forget to water them.
Spider plants. Spider plants, with plenty of light-green leaves, are another low-maintenance selection.When a spider plant thrives, it will grow new offshoots that can be clipped and potted as a new plant.
Aloe Vera. Drought-resistant and easy to grow. Aloe Vera is low-maintenance, you can just water it monthly, and it helps clean the airspace and is helpful for burns, cuts, and scrapes to help injuries heal faster or soothe pain.
Lavender is well-known for its relaxing scent, and it has a calming effect, aids in reducing stress, promotes sleep.This means it’s great both in the garden, or clipped and dried in a bowl inside your space .
Basil is a summertime herb that loves the sun. Not only is it delicious in meals, but eating basil has health benefits, too. It has properties which help to relieve stress and anxiety.
Lemon balm. This fragrant green herb is part of the mint family and is simple to cultivate. Known for its calming properties, it has a light lemony scent that can be wonderfully intensified by rubbing the leaves between your fingers. It has been used to improve sleep, reduce stress and anxiety, improve appetite, and help with indigestion.
1. What can we know from the passage?A.Spider plants will still survive if you forget to water them. |
B.Lavender is recognized for its mint scent and calming effects. |
C.Snake plants grow well in spaces without enough sunlight. |
D.Basil is not edible but has some valuable properties. |
A.They need little water. | B.They appeal to the eye. |
C.They help us calm down. | D.They enhance health. |
A.Two | B.Three | C.Four | D.Five |
【推荐1】Americans have adopted dogs in record numbers in the pandemic (流行病), and we really don’t like leaving our new family members home on their own. We worry that they’ll be lonely, or worse, chew the furniture. So we ask: What would we want to do if we were at home with nothing to do? Watch TV, of course.
DogTV, a channel for dogs, has been available in the United States since 2012. Last month it expanded to reach dogs in England, Australia and New Zealand and is now available in 14 countries. Unsurprisingly, more than 80 percent of the channel’s subscribers are Americans, who make up the largest pet market in the world.
According to Ron Levi, the founder of DogTV, there is a significant amount of separation anxiety among pet owners. DogTV was created to provide sensory and visual stimulation that can help reduce this anxiety. Levi came up with the idea for the channel in 2006 when he realized that dogs are highly social animals and often struggle when left alone at home. Thus, he decided to focus on their needs.
While some animal behaviorists advocate for the use of toys and puzzles instead of TV, others believe that certain types of programming can be beneficial when there is nothing else going on. For pet owners like Sage Randall, who got a new dog named Carrot Cake in 2020 to keep her company while working at home, the guilt of leaving a pet alone can be great. She laughed when a friend advised her to get DogTV and thought it was crazy to even imagine a dog actually sitting still to watch television. However, she tried it and was shocked that Carrot Cake enjoyed watching the different landscapes and seeing other dogs playing. Although DogTV may not be a perfect solution for every pet owner, it provides an interesting look at how technology is being used to address the needs of dogs.
As for whether dogs actually enjoy television or if we are simply finding comfort in providing them with this very human form of entertainment, that remains an open question.
1. Who is most likely to be the author of this article?A.A dog owner. | B.A mobile subscriber. |
C.An animal behaviorist. | D.An American marketer. |
A.Americans like dogs best. | B.The pet market is growing. |
C.Dogs cost their owners a lot. | D.DogTV is gaining popularity. |
A.How dogs’ needs are met. | B.Why DogTV was created. |
C.What worries pet owners. | D.Who founded the channel. |
A.To compare different ways of treating dogs. | B.To explain dogs’ fondness for watching TV. |
C.To illustrate the attitude of some pet owners. | D.To show the effect of technology on animals. |
【推荐2】The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination (疫苗) rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity” (群体免疫), which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.
That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N. Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions (豁免).
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.
1. The first two paragraphs suggest that ________.A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend |
B.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention |
C.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons |
D.information about measles spreads quickly |
A.exemptions are allowed |
B.several vaccines are used together |
C.the whole neighborhood is involved in |
D.new regulations are added to the state laws |
A.The overuse of vaccine. |
B.The lack of medical care. |
C.The features of measles itself. |
D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people. |
A.To introduce the idea of exemption. |
B.To discuss methods to cure measles. |
C.To stress the importance of vaccination. |
D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment. |
【推荐3】Hita Gupta used to volunteer at a nursing home, trying to brighten the days of the residents. Now she spreads sunshine far and wide.
As a 15-year-old sophomore at Conestoga High School, Hita has created a nonprofit organization that specializes in bringing cheer to socially isolated seniors. Her Brighten A Day foundation started out by sending goodie bags with an adult coloring book, a large-print puzzle book and crayons to Philadelphia-area nursing homes and sending letters with uplifting messages to facilities in neighboring states.
Hita has since widened the scope of her project, which is backed by donations through a GoFundMe page as well as the work of an expanding army of volunteers. The project has reached as far as Hawaii and now includes video messages as well as the delivery of smart devices to help residents communicate with loved ones. “We’ve been able to reach so many seniors—who are among the loneliest people in our society-and let them know they are not alone,” Hita said.
Hita’s project has lifted spirits at the Genesis Wayne Center, according to Kaylee Nichols,the facility’s director. “It’s impressive to see a high school student take that kind of initiative,” Nichols said. “That generation, they normally don’t think about seniors.”
Hita was motivated to take action when officials at the nursing home where she used to volunteer said that she couldn’t visit anymore because of the coronavirus outbreak. It made her determined to do something else to try to help. She started the GoFundMe page, expanded the foundation’s website and began organizing volunteers from around the country to write cards or make videos for nursing home residents, who have been the most severely impacted by COVID-19.Hita also expanded her project to include the acquisition and distribution of smart devices to nursing homes and long-term care facilities.
“I’m very proud that Hita is able to bring smiles to so many seniors,” her mother, Swait, wrote in an email. Hita said her foundation’s name was a reflection of her determination to chase away doubt and depression for folks in need. “I thought of the sun,” Gupta said. “I thought of people in the dark, lonely, and how much I wanted to brighten their days and bring joy to them.”
1. What is the main aim of Hita’s Brighten A Day project?A.To raise funds for nursing homes. |
B.To deliver care to seniors at nursing homes. |
C.To teach seniors to communicate effectively. |
D.To facilitate the development of the nursing industry. |
A.It started in Hawaii and then expanded to other states. |
B.It is supported by volunteers across the country. |
C.It encourages seniors to use smart devices less. |
D.It offers its donors a special goodie bag. |
A.Hita took the lead in helping seniors | B.Hita distributed nursing devices for seniors |
C.Hita started the GoFundMe page for seniors | D.Hita organized volunteers to write cards to seniors |
A.Surprised. | B.Frustrated. | C.Supportive. | D.Disappointed. |
A.It shows her resolution to get rid of people’s sad feeling. |
B.It’s a reflection of her decision to expand her project. |
C.It mirrors her doubt to bring joy to people in need. |
D.It is the public image of her project. |
A.Fame is a great thirst of the young. |
B.Free care facilities for seniors are necessary. |
C.Smiling means getting personal desires satisfied. |
D.Bringing spiritual pleasure to the elderly is meaningful. |