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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:429 题号:20481798

Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) recently announced that they have figured out how to engineer a biofilm (生物膜) that harvests the energy in evaporation (蒸发) and changes it to electricity. This biofilm, which was announced in Nature Communications, has the potential to revolutionize the world of wearable electronics, powering everything from personal medical sensors to personal electronics.

“This is a very exciting technology, says Liu Xiaomeng, a graduate student in electrical and computer engineering in UMass Amherst’s College of Engineering and the paper’s lead author. “It generates real green energy, and unlike other so-called ‘green-energy’ sources, its production is totally green.”

That is because this biofilm—which is a sheet of bacterial cells and as thin as a sheet of paper—is produced naturally by an engineered version of the bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens. G sulfurreducens is known to produce electricity and has been used previously in “microbial batteries” to power electrical equipment. But such batteries require that G sulfurreducens be properly cared for and fed a constant diet. By contrast, this new biofilm, which can supply as much energy as a comparably sized battery, works continuously, because it is dead. And because it is dead, it doesn’t need to be fed.

The secret behind this new biofilm is that it makes energy from the moisture (水分) on your skin. While we daily read stories about solar power, at least 50% of the solar energy reaching the earth goes toward evaporating water. “This is a huge, undiscovered source of energy,” says Yao Jun, professor of electrical and computer engineering at UMass Amherst, and the paper’s one senior author. Since the surface of our skin is constantly moist with sweat, the biofilm can “plug into” it and change the energy locked in evaporation into sufficient energy to power small equipment. “Our next step is to increase the size of our film to power more intelligent wearable electronics,” says Yao, and Liu points out that one of the goals is to power entire electronic systems, rather than single equipment.

1. Which of the following can biofilm do according to the first paragraph?
A.Update wearable electronics.B.Get power from evaporation.
C.Supply energy to microbial batteries.D.Transform the way of generating electricity.
2. What is the advantage of the biofilm compared with “microbial batteries”?
A.It is comparatively thinner.B.It is environmentally friendly.
C.It adopts a rare energy source.D.It decreases the cost in usage.
3. How does the biofilm power small devices?
A.By interacting with solar power.B.By making electricity out of sweat.
C.By gaining energy from electronic system.D.By employing water to generate electricity.
4. Which of the following best describes the biofilm?
A.Intelligent.B.Flexible.C.Delicate.D.Promising.
【知识点】 发明与创造 说明文

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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种类似智能手机的眼镜,介绍了其功能和价格以及人们对它的看法。

【推荐1】Your glasses may someday replace your smartphone, and some New Yorkers are ready for the switch. Some in the city can’t wait to try them on and use the maps and GPS that the futuristic eyewear is likely to include.

“I’d use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a. m. and going to the bar and wanted to see what was open,” said Walter Choo of Fort Greene.

The smartphone-like glasses will likely come out this year and cost between $250 and $600, the Times said, possibly including a variation of augmented reality, a technology already available on smartphones and tablets that overlays information onto the screen about one’s surroundings. So, for example, if you were walking down a street, indicators would pop up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you.

“As far as a mainstream consumer product, this just isn’t something anybody needs,” said Sam Biddle, who writes for Gizmodo.com. “We’re accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things,” he added, “and the average consumer isn’t gonna be able to afford another device that’s hundreds and hundreds of dollars.” Google publisher Seth Weintraub, who has been reporting on the smartphone-like glasses since last year, said he is confident that this type of wearable device will eventually be as common as smartphones.

“It’s just like smartphones 10 years ago,” Weintraub said. “A few people started getting emails on their phones, and people thought that was crazy. Same kind of thing. We see people bending their heads to look at their smartphones, and it’s unnatural,” he said. “There’s gonna be improvements to that, and this is a step there.”

1. Which is one of the possible functions of the smartphone-like glasses?
A.Programing the opening hours of a bar.
B.Supplying you with a picture of the future.
C.Providing information about your surroundings.
D.Updating the maps and GPS in your smartphones.
2. The underlined word “indicators” in paragraph 3 means _______.
A.advertisementsB.lights
C.signsD.glasses
3. According to Sam Biddle, the smartphone-like glasses are _______.
A.necessary for teenagersB.attractive to New Yorkers
C.available to people worldwideD.expensive for average consumers
4. What can we learn about the smartphone-like glasses from the last two paragraphs?
A.They may have a potential market.
B.They are as common as smartphones.
C.They are popular among young adults.
D.They will be improved by a new technology.
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【推荐2】We’ve got a list of teen scientists from a variety of fields.


Jack Andraka

Jack Andraka created a biosensor for cancer that he says is 168 times faster, 26, 667 times less expensive and 400 times more sensitive than technology nowadays.

He’s the youngest person to have spoken in front of the Royal Society of Medicine.


Taylor Wilson

Taylor Wilson was the youngest person to achieve nuclear fusion (核聚变). He was inspired by The Radioactive Boy Scout, a novel in which a kid tries and fails to build a nuclear reactor.

Taylor thought he could do better. Long story short, he wanted to build a small nuclear reactor. And he did it at the age of fourteen. He received a Thiel Fellowship, which gave him $100,000 to work on his own research.


Sara Volz

Sara Volz performed experiments in which she grew algaebased on their oil output for the purpose of growing them as biofuel (生物燃料). This research is especially important as the world continues to search for a way to lessen our dependence on non-renewable energy. She won the top prize of   $100,000 in the Intel Science Talent Search.


Daniel Burd

Plastic usually takes thousands of years to decompose (降解), but this high school student Daniel Burd managed to do it in three months.

In an experiment, he mixed plastic bags and a special kind of dirt together, and found that they did decompose faster. He then performed tests to find the bacteria responsible for decomposing the plastics.

His solution only produces water and small amounts of carbon dioxide. He says it could easily be used elsewhere.

1. Who designed a medical instrument?
A.Sara Volz.B.Daniel Burd.C.Jack Andraka.D.Taylor Wilson.
2. What excited Taylor Wilson’s interest in his invention?
A.A novel by a kid.B.Plastic pollution.
C.Energy shortage.D.A story book.
3. What do we know about Daniel Burd’s invention?
A.It won him a $100,000 prize.B.It is environmentally friendly.
C.It was completed in three months.D.It is widely used in everyday waste.
4. Which of the following statement is true?
A.Sara Volz is the youngest person to spoken in front of the Royal of Medicine.
B.Plastic often takes hundreds of years to decompose.
C.Two of them have won the same amount of money to continue their research.
D.Daniel Burd’s solution will be hard to be used in our daily life.
5. Where is the text probably taken from?
A.A guidebook.B.A magazine.
C.An advertisement.D.A dictionary.
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【推荐3】Saving the environment is a hot topic right now, and most companies are thinking of ways to “go green”, that is, to reduce pollution and save electricity.     1    

How do you reduce energy use in your home?How do you make your home eco-friendly?     2     “Green” houses look similar to the houses we live in today, with a few noticeable differences. They have solar panels on the roofs or have some kind of wind power to produce their own electricity. On sunny or windy days when the house is not used, power is produced and stored in batteries (电池) for later use at night, while extra power is fed back into the power grid to make money. Imagine getting paid by the power company instead of paying the company.     3    

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    5     This way, they can reduce the burden (负担) on the environment for raw materials (原材料). You can paint your next house whatever color you like, but make sure it is “green”.

A.Used plastic, paper, and rubber are included.
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C.Most importantly, solar energy or wind power is clean energy.
D.Finally, “green” houses are built largely from used materials.
E.Not only large buildings but also small family houses are “green”.
F.In the construction industry, this practice is also becoming popular.
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