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组卷网 > 高中英语综合库 > 主题 > 人与社会 > 科普与现代技术 > 科普知识
题型：完形填空 难度：0.65 引用次数：46 题号：21151316

The most obvious benefit of a single currency is that it will no longer be necessary to incur (引起) the costs of exchange from one currency to another. Travelers know that these costs are not negligible. First of all, there is a commission ______ (usually a fixed amount); secondly, the price ______ which the traveler purchases foreign currency for domestic currency ______ from the price of exchanging back surplus (过剩) foreign currency. The removal of these transaction costs constitutes a gain from monetary union.

Another benefit is that the removal of exchange rate ______ between the countries of the EU would provide much more assurance to ______ location decisions. At present, a company takes ______ of the risk of exchange rate variation in its location decision, and this may lead it to scatter its plants across the various economies, to hedge against (防范) the risk of exchange rate variation. Removing this source of uncertainty allows investors to ______ according to economies of scale and may lead to more plants of ______ size, a reduction in unit cost of production, and increase in ______.

A single currency provides the ______ for counter-inflationary (反通胀) policies. A single currency could lead to a ______ in the market discrimination that currently exists in the EU (for example, prices of motor cars of the ______ specification (规格) stand higher in the UK than they do in France) as the quotation (报价) of prices in common currency discourages arbitrage (套利) activity and reduces the market division ______ which such discrimination relies. ______, firms in one country cannot continue to ______ their prices higher than their European competitors and still remain competitive.

1.
A．moneyB．sumC．tipD．charge
2.
A．onB．atC．inD．over
3.
A．differentB．infersC．differsD．variable
4.
A．floatB．contrastC．similarityD．variation
5.
A．appropriateB．cooperativeC．corporateD．reasonable
6.
A．accountB．countC．mindD．range
7.
A．decideB．locateC．chooseD．invest
8.
A．largestB．maximumC．mediumD．optimum
9.
A．effectB．effectivenessC．deficiencyD．efficiency
10.
A．shadeB．fireworkC．frameworkD．door
11.
A．riseB．reductionC．revivalD．cause
12.
A．sameB．differentC．similarD．excessive
13.
A．inB．onC．overD．at
14.
A．WhileB．ThusC．HoweverD．Although
15.
A．riseB．ariseC．raiseD．set
23-24高一上·吉林·阶段练习 查看更多[1]
更新时间：2023-12-16 21:19:57 |
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【知识点】 科普知识 说明文

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科普知识 说明文
完形填空(约530词) | 适中 (0.65)
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文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了判断力是一种难以定义而很需要的能力。

【推荐1】A question of judgement

The pandemic has required many people to make difficult judgements. Politicians have had to decide which restrictions to impose on citizens’ behavior and individuals were forced to assess how much personal risk to take, Managers, faced with tough calls like which parts of their operations to close, have not been___________

Good judgment is a quality everyone would like to have. But it is remarkably difficult to define___________, and many people are not sure whether they personally possess it. Sir Andrew Likierman has spent a long time talking to leaders in a wide range of fields, from business and the army to the law and medicine, in an effort to create a___________for understanding judgment.

First, he had to define the word. He suggests that judgment is “the___________of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions”. And he argues that, thus defined, judgment involves a___________-taking in information, deciding whom and what to trust, summarizing one's personal knowledge, checking any prior beliefs or feelings, summarizing the available choices and then making the decision. At each stage, decision-makers must ask themselves questions, such as whether they have the relevant experience and expertise to make their choice, and whether the option they favor is___________.

Expertise can be useful in making judgements. But it is not the same thing. “Academics have expertise,” Sir Andrew observes, “They don't necessarily have judgement.” People with judgement know when they are out of their depth in making a decision and typically then seek the___________of someone who has the right background and knowledge. It is, of course, possible to follow all these steps and still make the___________choice. But Sir Andrew argues that a sensible process improves the chance of getting it right. The temptation is to look at people's track records when assessing whether they have good judgment, but___________may have played a huge part, “While good judgment is important to success,” Sir Andrew cautions, “success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.”

The degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more____________. Those with routine tasks generally have limited scope for judgment. Line supervisors have some rights to decide by themselves. For a chief executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment is______________.Deciding not to take action is also a judgement with potentially serious consequences. The world is full of people whose lack of judgement brought their careers or personal life____________.

Some people think that good judgment is innate. Sir Andrew accepts that some individuals are born with the ability to listen, be self- aware and better understand other people. People with good judgment tend to have a breadth of experiences and relationships that enables them to recognize parallels or analogies that others____________

Others may have the wrong sort of characteristics; a tendency to ignore others, stick to rules____________context, rush into action without reflection and struggle to make up their minds. Many leaders make bad judgments because they unconsciously filter the information they receive or are not____________critical of what they hear or read. The danger is that people ignore insights that they don't want to hear, a tendency that can increase with age.

1.
A．includedB．guaranteedC．promotedD．spared
2.
A．equallyB．naturallyC．preciselyD．wisely
3.
A．brochureB．catalogueC．frameworkD．timetable
4.
A．combinationB．equivalentC．foundationD．selection
5.
A．formulaB．processC．subsequenceD．standard
6.
A．frequentB．practicalC．preciousD．unique
7.
A．adviceB．approvalC．contributionD．praise
8.
A．logicalB．majorC．smartD．wrong
9.
A．experienceB．luckC．occupationD．support
10.
A．responsibilityB．tasksC．informationD．courage
11.
A．exaggeratedB．fixedC．highD．minimal
12.
A．calming downB．cheering upC．cleaning upD．crashing down
13.
A．copyB．emphasizeC．missD．value
14.
A．in line withB．based onC．instead ofD．without regard to
15.
A．clearlyB．mainlyC．publiclyD．sufficiently
2023-05-08更新 | 174次组卷
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完形填空(约380词) | 适中 (0.65)

【推荐2】Color Can greatly Affect Human Emotion and Behavior

There’s been a lot written about color psychology but what we do know is that color can greatly affect human emotion and behavior. A lot of us already know that colors can suggest a mood or attitude, but do you know that color is a_________that can persuade us to buy things? According to some research, color can be up to 85 percent of the reason why we_________to purchase something. Smart marketers know: Color_________!

Yes, you know, right colors make products better. Colors_________how we feel about the food we eat. _________, orange juice with enhanced orange color was preferred over naturally colored orange juice and was thought to be sweeter.

In the case of_________, color also plays a role. Have you ever noticed that pink is often used as the color of face creams? That’s for a good reason. In a research study, some women were given pink and white face creams, which were_________except for their color. One hundred percent of the women said that the pink face creams were more effective and milder on sensitive skin.

_________, “more colorful, more personalized” is also accepted by most producers. It’s true that we need not only good quality products, but personalized ones. This urges manufacturers to make their products more and more “colorful”.

Take M&M’s Milk Chocolate Candies for example. Having a packet of M&M’s candies in_________, choosing which one to eat first according to the colors-- many of us probably have had such experience. A variety of colors is the__________of the classic candies. Now they have come with even more custom colors that will be sure to “__________in your mouth, not in your hand!” Gold, silver, pink and many other colors are available to choose from. Eating such candies must be__________“sweet” experience.

Another successful color marketing example is Apple’s iPhone. Does Apple have__________communication technology? Maybe, but that’s not the point, marketing experts say. What makes the iPhone so__________is “the system that makes it easy for people to express themselves through color choices.” The newest model of iPhone features several colors- pink, red, blue, green, and so on. Color, as a personal statement, adds a touch of__________to the smartphone.

1.
A．signB．therapyC．toolD．secret
2.
A．decideB．struggleC．refuseD．seek
3.
A．advertisesB．sellsC．claimsD．screams
4.
A．reflectB．recallC．influenceD．stimulate
5.
A．For exampleB．By contrastC．In the meantimeD．What’s more
6.
A．fashionB．cosmeticsC．skinD．psychology
7.
A．idealB．smoothC．identicalD．practical
8.
A．AdditionallyB．HoweverC．ThereforeD．Meanwhile
9.
A．mindB．mouthC．handD．pocket
10.
A．signatureB．tasteC．codeD．signal
11.
A．swallowB．digestC．chewD．melt
12.
A．commonlyB．particularlyC．normallyD．regularly
13.
A．limitedB．superiorC．positiveD．supportive
14.
A．diverseB．entertainingC．preciousD．appealing
15.
A．humanityB．popularityC．individualityD．activity
2021-04-23更新 | 118次组卷
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完形填空(约280词) | 适中 (0.65)
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文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了许多人认为无趣或厌烦的家务事，实际上可能会给我们带来愉悦和心理健康方面的好处，这样做的机制和研究。在患有焦虑或压力的情况下清理桌子、浇花等家务活动，可能会让我们注意力集中和放松身心，使情绪更好。心理学家建议我们在做这些家庭杂事的时候要有意识地专注和感知，这样会更有益于我们的心理健康。

【推荐3】Tidying your desk, watering your plants, folding clothes — these household chores are hardly the height of pleasure. Yet I often find myself ______ these little tasks.

If I’m stuck in writer’s block with a deadline ______, I’ll have to clear up the papers placed around my office — and it’s sometimes the most ______ I feel all day.

I’m not ______ in this. As we faced the stresses of the pandemic, many people reported finding renewed interest in ______ their homes as a way of coping with uncertainty.

Psychologists suggest there are many potential mechanisms (机制) that can explain the pleasure from these tasks and their benefits — these may well encourage you to ______ these odd jobs more often.

Little chores may be useful because they ______ the mind, leading us to devote fewer resources to the things that ______ us. Even if we struggle with activities that are meant to help us relax, we may find household tasks can help us appreciate the here and now. But this depends on where we place our ______.

In one of the few studies to examine the mental health benefits of washing the dishes, researchers at Florida State University divided 51 ______ into two groups. Half read a text that encouraged them to ______ focus their thoughts on the activity. “While washing the dishes, one should be completely ______ of the fact that one is washing the dishes,” they were told. The rest read factual instructions on how to do washing up without being encouraged to focus their awareness on the activity.

Afterwards, the participants were asked to take a questionnaire about their ______. Those who had fully engaged with the experience reported a significantly better mood. This included ______ nervousness and even a sense of “inspiration”, as if the simple activity had ______ their minds.

1.
A．ignoringB．enjoyingC．avoidingD．simplifying
2.
A．agreedB．establishedC．passingD．approaching
3.
A．relaxedB．boredC．worriedD．annoyed
4.
A．confidentB．fitC．aloneD．stuck
5.
A．opening upB．looking afterC．returning toD．setting up
6.
A．sum upB．give upC．learn aboutD．engage in
7.
A．occupyB．broadenC．motivateD．challenge
8.
A．interestB．botherC．delightD．surprise
9.
A．focusB．hopeC．pressureD．happiness
10.
A．dishesB．householdsC．participantsD．tasks
11.
A．entirelyB．quicklyC．slightlyD．initially
12.
A．sureB．proudC．gladD．aware
13.
A．interestsB．abilitiesC．feelingsD．habits
14.
A．continuedB．increasedC．unexpectedD．reduced
15.
A．slippedB．refreshedC．developedD．exhausted
2023-11-23更新 | 215次组卷
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