Much of today’s science of physics is based on Newton’s discovery of the three laws of motion (运动) and his theory of gravity (重力). Newton also developed one of the most powerful tools of mathematics.
Isaac Newton was born in Wools Thorpe, England, on Dec 25, 1642. He was born early. He was a small baby and very weak. No one expected him to survive. But he surprised everyone. Newton’s father died before he was born. The boy was not a good student. Yet he liked to make things, such as kites and clocks and simple machines. Newton also enjoyed finding new ways to answer questions or solve problems. As a boy, for example, he decided to find a way to measure the speed of the wind.
On a windy day, he measured how far he could jump with the wind at this back. Then he measured how far he could jump with the wind in his face. From the difference between the two jumps, he made his own measure of the strength of the wind.
It soon became clear, however, that the boy was not a good farmer. He spent his time solving mathematical problems, instead of taking care of the crops. He spent hours visiting a bookstore in the town, instead of selling his vegetables in the market. Newton became a student of Cambridge University.
The leading English poet of Newton’s time, Alexander Pope, honored the scientist with these words, “Nature and nature’s laws lay hid in night. God said, ‘Let Newton be!’ and all was light.”
1. Everyone was __________ when Newton survived from the weakness at last.| A．happy | B．angry | C．surprised | D．interested |
| A．taking care of the crops |
| B．selling his vegetables in the market |
| C．the difference between the two jumps |
| D．making things, such as kites and simple machines |
| A．liked to make things |
| B．spent his time taking care of the crops |
| C．enjoyed finding new ways to make things |
| D．spent hours selling his vegetables in the market |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】SarahRose Black isn’t a doctor or a nurse. Since 2013 she has played an important role for patients at the center as a music therapist (治疗师). One day, a nurse at a medical centre asked her if she could reach out to a patient who refused to take part in any activities. “He’s angry with us, and we wonder if you might have an interest in it.” the nurse told her.
The next day, Black offered to play music for the patient. “If you don’t like it, you can tell me to leave.” she said. After thinking for a while, the man wrote down the names of some music he liked and then looked out the window. However, as Black began to play one of his favorites, he cried. She stopped playing, saying, "Do you want me to continue?" "Certainly," he said through tears.
“It was as if the music went places," recalls Black.” He shared afterwards that he’d been holding in so much and had been unable to talk about anything —but the music felt like a hug."
It has been shown that music can be medicine. A study conducted in Barcelona’s Hospital del Mar found patients receiving music therapy experienced obvious decreases in anxiety and breathing difficulties, as well as an increase in feelings of well-being.
At the Dr Bob Kemp Hospice in Hamilton, Ont., music therapy is widely used. Doug Mattina experienced a music-therapy program when his father spent his last days there. "During the treatment, my mom and I danced around my dad’s bed. He would request high kicks from us as he clapped along. He was so weak that he sometimes fell asleep, but he was happy. It meant a lot to us." Mattina says.
Music has an especially important effect on sick children. Ruth Hunston, a music therapist at a children’s hospital, says her program gives patients back some sense of control. "When children are in hospital, their worlds get much smaller," she explains. "Music allows them to create something themselves."
Music does count in treatment, but Black notes that people actually connect with music for their whole lives.“ We have a heartbeat, so we have a drum inside us; we are born to be musical,”she says,“ Music relieves our sadness in ways words cannot.”
1. How did the patient react to Black’s appearance?| A．He asked her to leave. | B．He cried and hugged her. |
| C．He handed her a list of songs. | D．He turned away and walked to the window. |
| A．Got faster. | B．Went wrong. | C．Worked well. | D．Slowed down. |
| A．He often did high kicks. | B．He was once a music therapist. |
| C．He didn’t like talking about his illness. | D．He fell in and out of sleep in the treatment. |
| A．It improves their social ability. | B．It helps them create something. |
| C．It helps them enjoy a sound sleep. | D．It excites their interest in medical treatment. |
| A．Thoughtful and helpful. | B．Strong and talented. |
| C．Intelligent and honest. | D．Hardworking and humorous. |
【推荐2】What do you do during the Spring Festival? Here is something about two students.
He Jian is thirteen years old. He lives with his parents in the city. He likes traditional Chinese festivals and the Spring Festival is his favorite. During the Spring Festival, he often visits his grandparents by bus. They live in a small village and they love He Jian very much. Every time He Jian gets to the village, his grandparents always get many traditional food ready, such as jiaozi and Niangao. He Jian likes niangao very much. This year he also met his cousin Ma Bin in his grandparents’ home. They were happy to play winter games.
Zheng Min is in Grade 7 and she’s twelve years old. She lives in Shanghai with her parents and grandparents. Her grandparents were teachers and collected many stories about the city. They often tell them to Zheng Min when she is free. During the Spring Festival this year, Zheng Min heard some stories about food in Shanghai when she ate out with her parents and grandparents. She wrote them on the computer and sent an email to her friend in New York.
1. How old is He Jian?| A．11 | B．12 | C．13 | D．14 |
| A．By bus. | B．By train. | C．By plane. | D．By bike. |
| A．classmate | B．cousin | C．uncle | D．teacher |
| A．Zheng Min’s parents. |
| B．Zheng Min’s grandparents. |
| C．The Chinese festivals. |
| D．The stories about Shanghai. |
| A．Her favorite food is niangao. |
| B．Her parents are teachers in Shanghai. |
| C．She lives with her parents and grandparents. |
| D．She called her friend in New York during the Spring Festival this year. |
【推荐3】In the adviser’s room
Amy：Good morning, Ms. Li.
Ms. Li：Morning, Amy. How are you doing?
Amy：Very well, thank you. Ms. Li, I want to be a teacher in the future, so what courses do you think I should choose?
Ms. Li：Oh, interesting! Well, first of all, I think a language course like Chinese would be helpful to you. And there are some other courses...
1. What does Amy want to be in the future?
| A．An engineer | B．A designer. | C．A teacher. | D．doctor |
| A．English | B．IT. | C．Art. | D．Chinese |
【推荐1】Last February, I went on a trip to Switzerland. What a trip! The first morning, I got into a cable car (缆车). I wanted to go to the top of the mountain and ski (滑雪) down. The cable car started up the mountain. Then there was a terrible sound. Soon the car stopped.
It was cold, and it began to snow. I was there for one hour, two hours. I thought, “They’ve forgotten me!” I waited for another hour, and the car started back down the mountain very fast. “Sorry,” an old woman said when I climbed out of the car. “We’ve never had this problem before. Please, try again tomorrow.” “I’ve had enough of cable cars for a lifetime,” I thought.
—Robert
Last summer, I went on a trip to Australia. On the first day, I went fishing on a beautiful lake. Unluckily, I didn’t catch any fish, and I got bored. I decided to go swimming. When I stood up, my wallet fell into the water. It had all my money and my plane ticket. I jumped into the lake to look for it, but I didn’t find anything.
The next morning, I wasn’t able to leave the hotel. I had no money to pay for anything and no plane ticket to go home. So what did I do? I called my friend and asked for some money. I have never had such a trip!
—Nick
1. The cable car stopped ________.| A．because of too many riders | B．because of the bad weather |
| C．when it went up the mountain | D．when it went down the mountain |
| A．For one hour. | B．For two hours. | C．For three hours. | D．For four hours. |
| A．fishing | B．swimming |
| C．staying in the hotel | D．looking for his wallet |
| A．To say sorry. | B．To say thanks. |
| C．To ask for help. | D．To share his story. |
| A．They were both careless. | B．They both had a terrible trip. |
| C．They won’t take cable cars again. | D．They don’t like travelling by plane. |
【推荐2】Hands up, who’s rubbish at drawing? Ha! Bet you’re not as bad as me.
Like most during lockdown, I missed being in familiar green city spaces. A quick snap (照片) on my phone never quite captured the moment. So I was excited to find “green sketching” sessions near my home. This seemed a perfect Covid-safe activity, even for the untalented.
Our group was all women, with some having had previous artistic training. We were given art supplies and then set drawing exercises to help us get creative.
This type of art, “green sketching”, was inspired by environmental scientist Dr Ali Foxon. Ali thought that spreading the joy of sketching could be the key to making people care about nature instead of just wordy reports. She launched her movement, Boggy Doodles(沼泽涂鸦), in 2016.
The day we were there the forest was glorious—all gold, yellow and brown. We spent the last hour trying to capture a forest scene. Hoping not to embarrass myself too much, I made a real effort to catch the dark and brighter areas of the trunks, their textures (纹理). I used an eraser to create the white shape of a silver tree in the distance. Mine looked more like a winter scene—I hadn’t managed to capture the autumn leaves or the branches. But when the five of us brought our work together at the end, I wasn’t too ashamed: mine was only just the worst.
I had loved this chance for a real and physical creative experience—I can’t be the only one to feel sad at the prospect of a new lockdown. Sketching calms a busy, anxious mind and trains the brain to notice “little things” that spark joy and help strengthen us against life’s challenges. While engaging with nature may well make us keener on protecting it—in Robert Macfarlane’s words, “We will not save what we do not love and we rarely love what we cannot name or do not see” — the benefits of sketching work the other way round.
1. Why did the author take part in the “green sketching” activity?| A．Her friends advised her to do so. |
| B．She needed something to kill time. |
| C．She was eager to return to green spaces. |
| D．She wanted to improve her painting skills. |
| A．It was launched by Dr Ali Foxon. |
| B．It was well-received after being held in 2016. |
| C．It required the participants to write a report afterwards. |
| D．It was aimed at raising public awareness of environmental protection. |
| A．She was ashamed that she didn’t take it seriously. |
| B．She felt embarrassed that her work was the worst. |
| C．She was fascinated by the winter scene in the forest. |
| D．She enjoyed herself even though she was poor at painting. |
| A．Sketching can strengthen one’s creativity. |
| B．Doing things we love brings us happiness |
| C．The first step to protecting nature is to engage with it. |
| D．It often takes a calm mind to overcome challenges in life. |
【推荐3】When was the last time someone did something unexpectedly nice for you? Not someone you knew, but a total stranger? It’s happened to me a few times, but two instances really stand out.
A few years ago, I was dining out with a person who kept going on and on about himself, completely unaware of the fact that I was sitting there in misery. It wasn’t his company that disappointed me. I was recovering from a bad grade in my study. I could have collapsed in tears right there at the table.
When we picked up the check, the waitress said, “Your meal was already paid for.” My friend and I didn’t have a clue how it happened. Then I remembered a man coming in out of the corner of my eye. He was dressed in mostly white, sat down at the bar, had a glass of wine, stayed for maybe ten minutes, and then left. The waitress said, “Yes, the gentleman who was in here a while ago paid for you.”
Just last year, I was running a half marathon. With just 0.1 miles to go, I was out of gas. Runners call it “hitting the wall”; I thought I couldn’t move another muscle. Out of nowhere, a teenager jogged up next to me and said, “What’s your name, sweetie? Jennifer? Okay, Jennifer, let’s go! Come on! It’s just around the corner! You can do it!” And he ran with me until I picked up my pace. I found him at the finish line to thank him for the encouragement only to learn he wasn’t even supposed to be in the race that day. He was running in place of someone else.
I still shake my head when I think of these momentary angels that came to me at my point of need. Do you have any experiences like this?
1. Why did the author say she was in misery?| A．Because she was doing poorly in her study. |
| B．Because she couldn’t enjoy her meal quietly. |
| C．Because her friend complained so much. |
| D．Because she got into trouble with her friend. |
| A．He knew the author well and always helped her. |
| B．He showed his kindness to his girlfriend. |
| C．He was generous and warm-hearted. |
| D．He liked making fun of others. |
| A．The author believes he is a lucky person. |
| B．The author thinks everyone around him is an angel. |
| C．The author feels grateful for the help he received. |
| D．The author often gets help and support unexpectedly. |
【推荐1】The Nobel prize for economics is awarded for work on the climate and economic growth
From The Economist; Oct 8th 2018
WHY do economies grow, and why might growth outdo the natural world’s capacity to sustain it? For years, economists have failed to find the answers to such questions. But the profession’s progress towards cracking them is in large part because of this year’s winners of the Nobel prize for economic sciences, Paul Romer and William Nordhaus.
Mr. Romer’s attention has ranged widely over the course of his career.
Mr. Romer searched for answers by investigating the “non-rivalrous” nature of new knowledge: the fact that ideas can be exploited endlessly. The firms or people who come up with new ideas can only capture a small share of the benefits arising from them; before long, competitors copy the clever idea and decrease gradually the innovators’ profits. In Mr. Romer’s models of growth, the market generates new ideas. But the pace at which they are generated, and the way in which they are translated into growth, depend on other factors.
Mr. Nordhaus’s work tackles the interplay of several different complex systems. Awareness of the dangers of environmental damage, and of the threat from climate change, has grown over the past half-century. Understanding the economic costs such damage imposes is essential to answering the question of how much society should be willing to pay to prevent environmental destruction. Mr. Nordhaus has applied himself to this daunting problem. His most significant work models the economic harms from carbon emissions. To do so, he combined mathematical descriptions of how emissions affect atmospheric carbon concentrations with those of how atmospheric carbon affects global temperature.
| A．The two economists have been cooperating closely for many years. |
| B．At first glance, the two scholars might not seem a natural pairing. |
| C．He also studied how changes in temperature interact with economic activity. |
| D．They include state support for research and development or intellectual-property protections. |
| E．Mr. Romer has been conducting researches in various economic fields. |
| F．Nevertheless, his focus has never departed far from the nature of economic growth. |
【推荐2】
Charles Darwin |
|
| Personal information: Date of birth: 12 February 1809 Date of death: 19 April 1882 Nationality: English Education: Edinburgh University, Cambridge University | |
| Achievements: He put forward the theory of evolution by natural selection and published On the Origin of Species in 1859. | |
| Influence: His theory of evolution by natural selection has greatly influenced the development of biology. | |
| Interesting fact: Darwin was such a scientific man that before he made up his mind to get married, he made a careful list of the advantages and disadvantages of marriage. | |
| A．Germany. | B．Britain. | C．America. | D．France. |
| A．In Feb. 1809. | B．In April 1809. | C．In April 1882. | D．In Feb. 1882. |
| A．The Origin of Species. |
| B．The advantages of marriage. |
| C．The development of biology. |
| D．The theory of evolution by natural selection. |
【推荐3】Grace Hopper (December 9, 1906—January 1,1992)
She was a computer scientist from the United States. She developed the first compiler for a computer programming language. She pioneered the idea of writing computer programs in a language close to English. She was instrumental in the establishment of testing standards for computer systems. She made important contributions to computer technology.
Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902—September 2,1992)
She was an American scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983.She led the development of the maize cytogenetics(细胞遗传学). She discovered the process of transposition and used it to demonstrate how genes are associated with the presence or absence of certain physical characteristics in human beings. She is one of the mat famous cytogeneticists of the world.
Chien-Shiung Wu(May 31,1912—February 16,1997)
She was a Chinese-American scientist known for her work in radioactivity. She was a part of the Manhattan project where she helped develop the process of making uranium-235 and uranium-238. Her experiment established that weak interaction did not follow the law of conservation of parity. She was a winner of the first Wolf Prize in Physics and was often compared with Marie Curie, giving her nicknames like the Chinese Madame Curie.
Anita Roberts(April 3,1942—May 26,2006)
She was a molecular biologist who was instrumental in the discovery of the protein TGF-beta. This protein has the potential of playing a double role of blocking as well as stimulating cancer and it helps in the curing of wounds and fractures. Anita Roberts is one of the most-cited scientists in the world.
1. What do Grace Hopper and Barbara MeClintock have in common?| A．They won Nobel Prize. |
| B．They were from America. |
| C．They passed away at age 86. |
| D．They studied computer technology. |
| A．She is a great physicist. |
| B．She was a student of Marie Curie. |
| C．She was famous for studying genes. |
| D．She was instrumental in computer technology. |
| A．Grace Hopper’s. | B．Anita Roberts’. |
| C．Chien-Shiung Wu’s. | D．Barbara McClintock’s. |
