Do you know that about 71 percent of our planet is covered by the ocean (海洋) ?
Without oceans, life couldn’t exist. Scientists don’t know the exact number, but they think that oceans are home to 50 percent to 80 percent of all species on Earth, from large whales to tiny plankton. Oceans absorb carbon dioxide and give out oxygen (氧气).
Humans use the ocean in many different ways. Lots of our food comes from oceans.
For World Oceans Day, you can use social media platforms to share posts, photos or videos showing how important oceans are and why we need to protect them.
| A．There are five oceans on Earth |
| B．You can also watch ocean-related films |
| C．That’s why we call Earth the “Blue Planet” |
| D．Our oceans play an important part in our lives |
| E．Oceans also provide us with much of our energy |
| F．World Oceans Day is a time to know about the fish in the ocean |
| G．Half the oxygen we breathe comes from the plants in the ocean |
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【推荐1】Taking good care of your teeth may be linked to better brain health, according to a study published in the July 5, 2023, online issue of Neurology. “Our study found that gum (牙龈) disease and tooth loss were linked to brain shrinkage (萎缩) in the hippocampus (海马体), which plays a role in memory and Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔兹海默症), ”said study author Satoshi Yamaguchi, Ph. D. of Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan.
The study involved 172 people without memory problems. Their average age was 67. Participants had dental exams and took memory tests at the beginning of the study. They also had brain scans to measure the volume of their hippocampus at the beginning of the study. This was measured again four years later. For each participant, researchers counted the number of teeth and checked for the amount of gum disease.
Researchers found that the number of teeth and amount of gum disease were linked to changes in the left hippocampus of the brain. For people with mild gum disease, having fewer teeth was associated with a faster rate of brain shrinkage, which is the same for people with severe gum disease having more teeth. After adjusting for age, researchers found that for people with mild gum disease, the increase in the rate of brain shrinkage due to one less tooth was equal to nearly one year of brain aging. By contrast, for people with severe gum disease, the increase in brain shrinkage due to one more tooth was equal to 1. 3 years of brain aging.
“These results highlight the importance of preserving the health of the teeth and not just maintaining the teeth, ”Yamaguchi said. “The findings suggest that controlling the progression of gum disease through regular dental visits is crucial, and that teeth with severe gum disease may need to be removed and replaced with appropriate false ones. ”
Yamaguchi said future studies are needed with larger groups of people. The limitation of the study is that it was conducted in one region of Japan, so the results may not be applied to other locations.
1. How did researchers draw the conclusion?| A．By consulting experts. |
| B．By making comparisons. |
| C．By carrying out a survey among dentists. |
| D．By conducting experiments in hospitals. |
| A．gum disease is increasing among people |
| B．doing a routine dental checkup can avoid gum disease |
| C．removing natural teeth is bad for dental health |
| D．keeping teeth healthy is of great importance |
| A．Involving people from diverse places in the research. |
| B．Seeking new methods to improve brain health. |
| C．Exploring treatments for gum disease. |
| D．Applying the research to relieve Alzheimer’s disease. |
| A．A new study of treatment to cure gum disease. |
| B．A new study of the symptoms of brain shrinkage. |
| C．A new study of the benefits of taking good care of one’s teeth. |
| D．A new study finding about the connection between one’s teeth and the brain. |
【推荐2】Far from the land of Antarctica（南极洲）, a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod.
For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secrets. The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow. Now it seems we have an answer.
Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish. Scientists studied the fish's blood and measured its freezing point.
The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of—1.88°C and many tiny pieces of ice floating in it. The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to-2.05°C. That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of the ice—salt mixture.
The scientists' next research job was clear： Find out what in the fish's blood kept it from freezing. Their research led to some really strange thing made up of a protein（蛋白质）that has never been seen before in the blood of a fish. When it was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature. When it was put back, the blood again had its antifreeze quality and a lowered freezing point.
Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules（分子）held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein. So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein, or AFGP.
1. Why can the Antarctic cod live at the freezing temperature?| A．The seawater has a temperature of-1.88°C. | B．It loves to live in the ice—salt mixture. |
| C．A special protein keeps it from freezing. | D．Its blood has a temperature lower than-2.05°C |
| A．No one can carry out any research work in the Antarctic |
| B．The ice—salt mixture enables the Antarctic cod to live under the freezing water |
| C．The protein in the blood of the Antarctic cod has a low freezing point |
| D．The sugar content is believed to be an unusual kind of protein. |
| A．It is made up of many small sugar molecules. | B．It can be removed from the blood |
| C．It keeps the blood of the cod from freezing. | D．It is called a glycoprotein. |
| A．The terrible conditions in the Antarctic | B．A special fish living in freezing waters. |
| C．The ice shelf around Antarctica. | D．Protection of the Antarctic cod |
【推荐3】We don’t know how different our future will be in the future. We can only try to imagine it.
At first we think about human relationship. In the year 2050, we will use computers almost every day. We will be making new friends through the Internet--even our husbands or wives will be met in this way. It will be much faster and easier for us. On the other hand, our relationships with people won’t be as important as they are today--we will feel a little lonely.
Computers will also help us in many other activities in 2050. For example, they will be used by the children at school to make their learning easier: In addition, there will be much more other machines which will play a similar role as computers, like robots which will do the housework for us.
Spending holidays will also be completely different. Traveling to other planets or to the moon will be available (可得到的) for everyone. Means of transport will, of course, change, too. We will be using solar-powered cars, which will be much more environmentally friendly.
We could expect that the faster technological progress would lead to a more polluted environment. But it isn’t true. We will pay more attention to protecting the environment. And, scientists will probably find cures for many dangerous diseases, like cancer or AIDS. Therefore, our surroundings as well as our health will be in a better condition.
Although we can’t predict the exact changes which will be made in the world, we often think about them. We worry about our and our children’s future; we have expectations, hopes as well as fears. But I think we should be rather hopeful of our future. We should be happy and believe good things will happen.
1. Why will people probably feel a little lonely in 2050?| A．Because the number of people will become much smaller. |
| B．Because there will be less face-to-face communication. |
| C．Because people won’t like making friends with each other. |
| D．Because people won’t communicate with each other much often. |
| A．Computers will do all the things for human beings. |
| B．People will use computers to communicate with each other. |
| C．Machines like computers and robots will help people a lot. |
| D．People will use robots to do the housework. |
| A．the relationship between people will be more important than today |
| B．the way of spending holidays will be the same as that of today |
| C．it won’t be difficult for people to travel to other planets |
| D．our environment will be much more polluted with a growing number of cars |
【推荐1】Man is just one kind of the animals living on earth. We must be kind to the environment and try to protect it, but in fact, we aren't very successful.
With the human society developing faster and faster, the world we live in is getting more and more intolerable because of environmental destruction. For example, the forest destruction brings unpleasant weather. It is said that nearly 50% of the woods in the famous tropical rain forest, Amazon, have been cut down. The same situation also happens in other parts of the world, such as Africa, China, Southeast Asia and North America.
Some of us always think that China is a country with a large population and abundant resources. But actually, these rich resources are being used up rapidly because of the people's extravagance and the rapid growth of population. We can take the water shortage for example. Among more than 600 cities in China, almost 400 are lacking water, and of these more than 130 cities the lack of water is serious. The amount of water needed in the cities all over the country is six billion cubic meters a day! The water shortage has caused a great deal of loss, more than 120 billion yuan in agriculture and industry, and the loss is increasing. So we can say, that water shortage has become one of the most serious resource problems today.
Fortunately, many remedial measures have been taken. Lots of trees have been planted, which helps to improve and beautify the environment. At the same time, people have begun to find ways to make full use of water, in order to save every drop of water. What's more, laws concerning environmental protection have been put into effect and achieved-good results.
However, the problems of environmental protection still remain far from solved. On one hand, the environmental pollution and destruction are getting worse and worse in the modern world. On the other hand, the lack of knowledge about the importance of protecting the environment hinders the solving of these problems. So in a word, there's still a long way to go before we enjoy a clean and comfortable world.
1. What does the underlined word "intolerable" mean?| A．wonderful | B．unbearable |
| C．reasonable | D．unreal |
| A．Man and Environment. | B．Human Society and Water. |
| C．The Problems of Protecting the Environment. | D．The Importance of Protecting the Environment. |
| A．many woods have been cut down in China. |
| B．China is a large country with a large population and abundant resources. |
| C．only a few cities in China are short of water. |
| D．we'll soon solve the problems of protecting the environment |
| A．most cities are lacking water. |
| B．the loss to agriculture and industry by the lack of water is great and increasing. |
| C．the population is increasing rapidly. |
| D．water is being used up rapidly. |
| A．educate as many people as possible to the importance of protecting the environment. |
| B．finding ways to make the best use of water. |
| C．put laws into effect that protect the environment. |
| D．enjoying a clean and comfortable world. |
【推荐2】It was in 2005 that Chris Jones of the University of California, Berkeley put the finishing touches on the world’s first online household carbon calculator. He hoped that, if he could show people how much greenhouse gas was associated with daily activities, they might change their behaviour and contribute in some small measure to saving the Amazon. Seventeen years later, trackers are providing a wealth of often-neglected information about the carbon emissions of everyday life.
Trackers work by asking users to answer questions such as: how many miles a year do you drive; how much is your annual household electricity bill; how often do you eat meat? They then calculate a personal or household estimate of emissions of carbon-dioxide equivalent(等价物) per year. What do they tell us?
Dr Jones describes the main household polluting activities as “cars, coal, cows and consumption, roughly in that order”. By far the largest single source of emissions is the family vehicle. Swapping it for an electric vehicle would save over 6 tonnes, or an eighth of the average American household’s yearly emissions.
No other change would elicit that much saving, though electricity in the home is responsible for over 5 tonnes of carbon emissions a year, so generating it with solar panels would come close. Like electric vehicles, a roof full of solar panels is not cheap. Changing diets costs less, and American households consume meat worth 2.7 tonnes of CO2e a year, far more than most people. If Americans went vegetarian, that would be like half an average solar roof.
Over the next 30 years, many countries are promising to move to net-zero carbon, implying that household emissions will have to be cut to close to nothing. Trackers, it seems, have daunting(令人怯步的) lessons for public bodies and private households alike.
1. Why did Dr Jones put forward the idea of carbon trackers?| A．To keep track of household activities. |
| B．To calculate the carbon emissions of everyday life. |
| C．To remind people to adopt a low-carbon lifestyle. |
| D．To learn how greenhouse gas was related to daily activities. |
| A．The purpose of the invention. |
| B．The targeted users of the invention. |
| C．The improvement of the invention. |
| D．The operating principles of the invention. |
| A．generate | B．accumulate | C．manage | D．consume |
| A．Trackers only give alarming lessons to private households. |
| B．The largest single source of emissions is the electric vehicle. |
| C．Consuming more vegetables than meat helps reduce carbon emissions. |
| D．Americans vegetarians spend half of their savings building an average solar roof. |
【推荐3】Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is an important ecological screen for the north of China and even the whole country. Building a green great wall to ensure China’s ecological security is one of the most important things of autonomous region.
The largest ecological function zone in the north of China, Inner Mongolia has a variety of landscapes, including forests, grasslands, wetlands, rivers and lakes. In recent years, the region’s environment has improved, with its forest and grassland area having increased and desert reduced.
However, it still faces a number of challenges in ecological preservation. For instance, the region faces severe water shortages with the number of lakes dropping from 427 in 1987 to 145 in 2010. In addition to a lack of rainfall, huge water consumption in agricultural and industrial production has worsened the water shortage. Too much use of fertilizers has damaged the soil and affected the growth of grass, accelerating the expansion of the desert, which results from a lack of water.
The local government encourages planting trees on grassland as they can get more pay for trees than by growing grass. However, the trees they plant often have a low survival rate as they have a high water consumption rate. Also, to treat wetlands, some areas have planted a large number of a single tree species. This practice may damage biodiversity (生物多样性) and endanger the survival of certain animals.
Experts suggest taking the region’s water resources and weather conditions into consideration in future ecological projects.
1. What do we know about the green great wall in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region?| A．It adds the beautiful scenery to this area. |
| B．It acts as a guard to protect the north of China. |
| C．It works well in saving the endangered animals. |
| D．It contributes to the decrease of the grassland. |
| A．The causes of water shortages. | B．The protection of ecological environment. |
| C．The solutions to water shortages. | D．The importance of ecological environment. |
| A．weakening | B．shortening |
| C．lessening | D．quickening |
| A．To tell the function of the green great wall. |
| B．To introduce the green great wall to the readers. |
| C．To provide guidance on traveling around Inner Mongolia. |
| D．To offer some advice on building the green great wall. |
