Sometimes parents wonder if they should really give their children chores (家务活). After all, isn’t it the parents’ responsibility to manage the household? And don’t children need an opportunity to “just be children” for now because they have the rest of their lives to worry about chores?
Most children have really busy schedules. They rush around from one activity to another with little time to clean the house. Despite those concerns, however, giving your children chores may be one of the most important things you’ll ever do.
While giving your children chores can certainly take some of the stress off you, that’s not the only reason you should expect your children to do the chores. Studies show chores are good for children. Research from a well-known 75-year Harvard study shows that chores can shape children to be more likely to become happy, healthy and independent adults.
Why are chores like sweeping the floor and clearing the table so important to children’s happiness in life? One reason is that children feel a sense of achievement when they do their chores. No matter whether they’re making their beds or they’re sweeping the floor, helping out around the house makes children feel capable. Doing chores also helps children feel like they’re part of the team and learn responsibility. Helping family members is good for them and it encourages them to be good adults.
Children who do chores gain important life skills that will serve them well throughout their lives. Life skills such as meal preparation, mowing the lawn, or doing the laundry will be important after high school, which helps your children live independently.
1. Why does the author raise questions in paragraph 1?A.To list examples. | B.To make a warning. |
C.To lead in the topic. | D.To provide background information. |
A.Chores. | B.Less homework. |
C.School activities. | D.Learning schedules. |
A.Tired. | B.Nervous. | C.Having no time. | D.Having the ability. |
A.Skills to deal with chores. | B.Advantages of doing chores. |
C.The importance of life skills. | D.Way s to balance study and chores. |
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【推荐1】Health advice on hand sanitizers
Antibacterial hand sanitizers(免洗洗手液)are marketed as a good alternative(替代品)when soap and water are not available. Manufacturers say that their sanitizers kill 99.9 percent of germs(细菌), but research suggests that this not the case.
How do hand sanitizers work?
Most sanitizers are alcohol-based; they work by removing the outer layer of oil on our skin, then the alcohol kills the bacteria.
However, Barbara Almanza, associate professor at Purdue University, notes that hand sanitizers do not significantly reduce the amount of bacteria, and in some cases, can increase it.
So the question arises, how can manufacturers say sanitizers kill 99.9 percent of bacteria?
How can manufacturers make the 99.9 percent claim(声称)?
Manufacturers test their products on bacteria-tainted surfaces. In this controlled environment, hand sanitizers do kill 99.9 percent of bacteria. However, the human hand is a lot more complex and goes through a lot of different changes in a day compared to a controlled surface.
These tests allow manufactures to obtain consistent results. But , in reality, how effective are hand sanitizers in killing bacteria in everyday life?
Hand sanitizer VS hand soap and water
Almanza says that soap and water are the best way to clean your hands. Hand sanitizer cannot and should not be a direct replacement.
However, they are a useful alternative. To effectively kill bacteria, studies recommend that people use sanitizers that are at least 60 percent alcohol. Also, sanitizers won’t work if you have dirty hands, so wipe them with a tissue or napkin before sanitizing.
What about antibacterial soaps?
Research has shown that regular soap is just as effective as antibacterial soap in reducing bacteria-related illnesses.
In fact, some consumer antibacterial soap may increase some bacteria’s resistance to antibiotics(抗生素), making them more dangerous.
Other studies show that overly clean environments will negatively affect children by preventing their immune(免疫的)system development. Children need to fight off common germs to develop their immune systems.
1. What do we know about antibacterial hand sanitizers?A.Most work similarly to hand soap. |
B.Most use alcohol to kill the bacteria. |
C.Most can’t remove oil on our skin. |
D.Most bring more bacteria to people. |
A.Their conclusion isn’t drawn from real-life environments. |
B.Manufacturers don’t test their products before selling them. |
C.Their products don’t kill the bacteria people usually have. |
D.Manufacturers don’t tell the public how they get their conclusion. |
A.Wet tissue. |
B.Hand sanitizer. |
C.Hand soap and water. |
D.60 percent alcohol and water. |
A.Some contain dangerous antibiotics. |
B.They kill more bacteria than regular soaps. |
C.They might be harmful for children’s development. |
D.Some are proved to increase the amount of bacteria. |
【推荐2】You probably think that you are already efficient and skilled in what you are doing, and perhaps you are right.
Spare a few minutes a day to learn new things.
Learn to pay close attention to detail. It is a fact that once people have become accustomed to their regular tasks, they rarely check the details about certain aspects in their job.
Get inspired and start working on your disadvantages. You should be able to pay more attention to your performance in the job, and find ways to improve yourself. If you find yourself quite emotional or stressed out, then may be what you need is an inspiration.
A.Give yourself a break. |
B.However, you may not be the best you can possibly be. |
C.Be with the right people and always try to improve yourself. |
D.If so, you’re not living the abundant life that God intends for you to live. |
E.You may consider looking at great work and performance for some inspiration. |
F.It is important that you devote plenty of your time to learning and researching. |
G.Unfortunately, this may lead to misunderstanding and negative consequences. |
【推荐3】The secret to happiness is keeping busy, research has found.
Keeping the mind occupied with tasks — no matter how meaningless — keeps off negative emotions, the study found.
However, the bad news is that humans are seemingly born to be lazy in order to save energy, according to Professor Christoper Hsee, a behavioral scientist at Chicago University.
In a study, 98 students were asked to complete two surveys. After they had completed the first, they were made to wait 15 minutes to receive the next one. They were given a choice of either handing in the first survey nearby or at a more distant location they had to walk to. Whichever option they chose, they received a chocolate bar. It turned out that approximately two-thirds (68 students) chose the lazy option. Those who had taken the walk reported feeling happier than those who had stayed put.
Prof. Hsee concluded that keeping busy helped keep people happy. He said the findings, reported in the journal Psychological Science, had policy implications.
“Governments may increase the happiness of idle citizens by having them build bridges that are actually useless,” he proposed.
At the individual level, he advised, “Get up and do something. Anything. Even if there really is no point to what you are doing, you will feel better for it.” He added, “Incidentally, thinking deeply or engaging in self-reflection counts as keeping busy, too.”
“You do not need to be running around. You just need to be engaged, either physically or mentally.”
1. Keeping busy can make people happy because________.A.it can help people get rid of laziness | B.it can make people sleep better |
C.it can help get rid of negative emotions | D.it can give people a sense of achievement |
A.The finding may contribute to politics. |
B.The officials have taken Prof. Hsee’s advice. |
C.In the study half students handed in the first survey nearby. |
D.Governments can increase citizens’ happiness by building bridges. |
A.Everybody is born to be happy. |
B.Only by keeping working all the time can you gain happiness. |
C.Prof. Hsee’s finding was published in Psychological Science. |
D.Keeping busy goes against human nature. |
A.To explain what happiness is. |
B.To advise people not to sit around. |
C.To advise people to do what they like to. |
D.To show people how to take life correctly. |
【推荐1】Matt Kauffman is a wildlife researcher at the University of Wyoming. He leads the Wyoming Migration Initiative, which studies the migratory (迁徙的) paths of animals like deer and elk (驼鹿) in the American state of Wyoming.
In 2019, Kauffman and other scientists were talking at a conference in Italy. He began learning that wildlife around the world had the same difficulties faced by Wyoming’s migratory deer and elk. “We just naturally got together, and nine or ten of us are working on migrations around the world,” Kauffman told Jackson Hole News & Guide. “We realized that a lot of the same things we were trying to address by mapping migrations in Wyoming were applicable globally.”
Their talk in 2019 was the beginning of an international effort that now includes 92 scientists and environmentalists. Their effort is called the Global Initiative on Ungulate (有蹄类动物) Migration. The aim is to gather information on the seasonal movements of gazelles in Mongolia and Norwegian reindeer. The hundreds of paths would then be presented in an electronic migration map. The researchers wrote a report that recently appeared in the publication Science.
The report describes how animal movements over long distances to get food and other resources are not doing so well. The main reason for the struggles comes from land development by humans. Roads and fences create barriers for the animals, restricting their movement. And the warming of the planet has also unsettled environmental systems.
Joe Ogutu studies migratory east African wildebeest, zebra and Thomson's gazelle for the University of Hohenheim in Stuttgart, Germany. Since 2015, he has watched the ungulate migration called Mara-Loita in southwestern Kenya stop working because of fence-building and sharing land space with hundreds of thousands of sheep and goats. Ogutu hopes that the Global Initiative on Ungulate Migration will bring attention to the Mara-Loita migration and other at-risk paths. “Publicity and attention,” he said, “will hopefully lead to its restoration and protection.”
1. What did Kauffman realize at the conference in Italy?A.The migratory paths of animals in Wyoming were at risk. |
B.The migratory animals’ difficulties were global issues. |
C.Some scientists finished mapping animals’ migrations. |
D.Many countries focused on wildlife migrations. |
A.How to save ungulates in the world. | B.Where migratory animals like to move. |
C.Why animals’ migrations run into trouble. | D.What people have done to protect wildlife. |
A.It has great significance. | B.It has brought great benefits. |
C.It should be extended to Africa first. | D.It should be based on Mara-Loita migration. |
A.Animals Are Facing Survival Challenges |
B.Humans Have Ruined Animals’ Migration |
C.Researchers Are Mapping Animals’ Migratory Paths |
D.Global Warming Brings Threat to Ungulate Migration |
【推荐2】The tickbird and the giraffe have a connection relationship that some scientists describe as win-win relationship and some as parasitism (寄生). This interspecies partnership is imbalanced in favor of the giraffe because it can live without the tickbird, while the tickbird is dependent on the giraffe for food resource.
The giraffe is a large mammal that lives in Africa along with other large grass-eaters. All these and many others host the tickbird. This bird has long been thought to remove ticks (扁虱) from its host, to the benefit of both—the bird eats the ticks, and the host is relieved of blood-sucking, disease-carrying insects—but recent studies reveal that this process is less than good. A secondary benefit to a host from the tickbirds’ presence is a sort of early warning system, since the birds make a loud sound if they sight an enemy. This is of less benefit to the giraffe than to other hosts because the giraffe has the advantage of great height and keen eyesight and is fully capable of spotting predators without the bird’s assistance. The tickbird is likely of greater benefit in this capacity to the nearsighted rhino.
They cross through the host’s hair looking for insects as their food. According to the researcher Paul Weeks, reporting in the journal Behavioral Ecology, tickbirds can and do enlarge tick bites and other wounds on their host body to seek for food resource, making the host-tickbird relationship unfair. The host, like the giraffe, however, would have a hard time keeping tickbirds off itself. So they tolerate the birds who cling to their bodies and chow down selectively at the buffet on the giraffe’s body.
1. Which statement about the tickbird is TRUE?A.It doesn’t rely on the giraffe for food. |
B.It removes ticks from its hosts. |
C.It makes gentle sounds when it spots an enemy. |
D.It brings more benefit to its hosts than it gets from them. |
A.Because the giraffe has no tick on its body. |
B.Because the giraffe has its own warning system. |
C.Because the giraffe is tall and has sharp eyesight. |
D.Because the giraffe is strong enough to protect itself. |
A.stick to | B.lead to | C.keep away | D.hold back |
A.Tickbird and Giraffe: Unequal Relationship | B.Tickbird and Giraffe: Friendly Relationship |
C.Tickbird and Giraffe: Mysterious Relationship | D.Tickbird and Giraffe: Conflicting Relationship |
【推荐3】The narwhal is a mysterious resident of the remote Arctic. The species, a relatively small whale is known for growing a spiral tusk (螺旋长牙)that resembles the historical description of a unicorn's horn.
Experts have long speculated why narwhals have this strange long tooth. Some think that the tusk is a tool for survival, as they could possibly use it to break up ice or spear fish for meals. However, the vast majority of female narwhals don't have tusks, and females tend to live longer than males. Most scientists now think the tusk provides no advantage for survival, but rather acts as a sex characteristic and determines the social rank. But the tusk may also have another purpose. A 2014 study found the narwhal's tusk is full of sensitive nerve endings that allow the whale to detect changes in the environment, such as changes in temperature and salinity. The finding suggests that the tusk might also be a sensory organ.
Narwhals are an important subsistence resource (生存资源)for high Arctic communities. They provide the humans with high-calorie fat, protein and nutrients, vital and hard to come by in the harsh northern winters. Narwhal tusks were carved into artworks and sold to support families with few job opportunities.
Narwhal tusk is protected now. But similar to all other Arctic wildlife, narwhals are likely to struggle in the face of climate change. Warm temperatures in the Arctic have caused sea ice to disappear at an alarming rate. New shipping channels have become accessible, threatening narwhals and other marine mammals. Researches suggest that narwhals are the most vulnerable (易受伤害的)marine mammals to human activities in the Arctic because these isolated creatures are highly sensitive to ship activities. Their response to changing conditions near the pole could provide insight into larger changes in Earth's future.
1. What does the underlined word "speculated" in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Known. | B.Guessed. |
C.Overlooked. | D.Concluded. |
A.It is an indicator of gender. |
B.It reveals narwhals' social rank. |
C.It can sense changes in the water. |
D.It can be used to dig fish for meals. |
A.The conservation of narwhals is a must. |
B.The situation of climate change is under control. |
C.Some human activities affect mammals slightly. |
D.Narwhals are under the threat of being hunted. |
A.Research on Narwhals' Tusk |
B.Insight into Climate Changes |
C.Narwhals : Feature and Behavior |
D.Narwhals : Mysterious Sea Unicorns |
【推荐1】A Guangzhou-based company that runs the world's largest factory of mosquitoes used to control the species signed agreements Tuesday to control mosquitoes in Beitun, Northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.
Guangzhou Wolbaki Biotech Co will help Beitun city in Xinjiang's Altay prefecture(地区) fight mosquitoes. The Altay region is one of the world's four places with the largest mosquito population, said Xu Longquan, deputy mayor of Beitun.
In spring and summer, when the snow on the Altay Mountains melts, water from reservoirs (水库)runs into forests and meadows(草地)and forms swarms(沼泽) and pools that become breeding grounds for mosquitoes, Xu said.
Between May and August, which is a local tourism peak season, the number of mosquitoes soars(激增), annoying local residents and tourists, he said.
Although efforts are made every year to control mosquitoes, it is hard to tackle the problem at the root.
Guangzhou Wolbaki chairman Xi Zhiyong, who is also director of the Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control and Prevention at Guangzhou-based Sun Yat-sen University, has led the research on using mosquitoes to eliminate mosquitoes.
In the research, male mosquitoes are infected with Wolbachia, a bacterium that exists widely in many insects, including mosquitoes.The eggs produced by female mosquitoes that mate with Wolbachia-infected male are infertile(不能生殖的) and that helps lead to reduced mosquito numbers.
Xi also said :“ The company will apply this kind of method to the control of mosquitoes in Beitun, hopefully, we will help improve the life of locals and tourists’experience.”
1. What does the underlined words “breeding grounds” mean?A.Fields that have swarms and pools. . |
B.Places to reproduce. |
C.Someplace near water. |
D.Places mosquitoes like. |
A.Altay region has the largest mosquito population. |
B.Mosquitoes have become a problem because of climate change. |
C.The mosquito problem may not have affected the local tourism. |
D.Water and temperature are the factors for the thriving(兴盛)of mosquitoes. |
A.a biological method. |
B.other animals. |
C.some chemicals. |
D.whatever they can. |
A.Mosquitoes-a major problem in Xinjiang, |
B.Wolbaki Biotech Co -a mosquito control company. |
C.A mosquito control company gets contracts in Xinjiang. |
D.Efforts to control mosquitoes in Beitun,Xinjiang. |
【推荐2】Dogs are often referred to as “man’s best friend”. But MacKenzie, a four-pound chihuahua, who was named winner of the 2020 American Hero Dog Competition on October 19, 2020, is making the world a better place for humans and animals alike.
In its tenth year in 2020, the annual contest is the brainchild of American Humane Association, the country’s first national charitable organization founded for the safety and well-being of animals. Often called the “Oscars for dogs”, the award recognizes dogs who make extremely great contributions (贡献) to society.
The competition of 2020 attracted over 400 entries from across the country. These heroic dogs have gone above the call of duty, saving lives, comforting the ill and aged and reminding us of the powerful, age-old ties between animals and people. While all were impressive, it was tiny MacKenzie who won the judges’ hearts.
MacKenzie’s path to stardom was not easy. Born with a mouth disability, she had to be fed through a tube (管子) for the first year of her life. Despite her own struggles, she always seemed to think more of other animals in need. “Never have I seen such a will to live. Though sick, she carefully looked after the baby animals at the rescue ( 救助) center,” said her caretaker.
A life-saving operation performed in 2014 gave MacKenzie the ability to eat independently. The seven-year-old chihuahua is now working for the Mia Foundation, a New York-based charitable organization that rescues and nurses animals with inborn disabilities. The chihuahua does an excellent job and has raised various animals. She nurses, cleans, comforts and hugs them, acting as their mother and teaching them how to socialize, play and have good manners.
In addition to her role as an animal caretaker, MacKenzie also visits schools to educate kids about the importance of accepting physical differences in both animals and people. Her heart-warming and inspiring story makes MacKenzie a worthy receiver of America’s top dog honor!
1. What can we infer about the American Hero Dog Competition?A.It was started by a charitable organization. |
B.It was meant to honor caretakers of dogs. |
C.It takes place every ten years. |
D.It was first held in 2010. |
A.Talented and strong. |
B.Courageous and selfless. |
C.Funny and friendly. |
D.Confident and picky. |
A.Learning from failures. |
B.Valuing physical health. |
C.Understanding the disabled. |
D.Developing practical ability. |
A.Dogs Are Man’s Best Friends |
B.Treat Dogs the Way We Want to Be Treated |
C.2020 American Hero Dog: A Tiny Chihuahua |
D.Touching Stories between MacKenzie and People |
【推荐3】As celebrated in the United States, the holiday of Thanksgiving usually centers on a big meal. Typical dishes include bread stuffing, potatoes, cranberry sauce, pumpkin pie, and above all, turkey. How did turkey become the centerpiece (最重要的菜) of this meal?
It is often assumed that today’s Thanksgiving menu originated in an event commonly considered as the “first Thanksgiving”. There is indeed evidence of a meal shared between Pilgrim settlers and Wampanoag people in late 1621, but historians think it’s not sure that turkey was served. They believe that the Pilgrims provided wild fowl (飞禽), while the Wampanoag brought deer for meat. Passenger pigeons, ducks, and other birds may have been the main course. Turkey, if present, was likely a side dish.
In 1789, George Washington issued a Thanksgiving Proclamation (正式公告), marking the first official celebration of Thanksgiving in the US. However, turkeys were not yet related to Thanksgiving. About 38 years later, the writer Sarah Josepha described a New England Thanksgiving, with a roasted turkey placed at the head of the table in her novel Northwood. In 1863, after President Abraham Lincoln announced Thanksgiving a national holiday, and turkey has since become a cherished tradition in Thanksgiving celebrations.
At that time, Americans didn’t have access to supermarkets. But large numbers of wild turkeys lived on many people’s land, making them easy to get for the big meal. Compared to more expensive meats, turkey also provided a much lower price and could feed larger groups of people because it weighed more. These made turkey a practical and appealing choice, contributing to its long-lasting popularity as a centerpiece for Thanksgiving feasts.
Today, turkey continues to stand as the star of the Thanksgiving feast, symbolizing tradition, warmth, and the cherished moments shared with loved ones around the table.
1. What is the historians’ opinion about the original Thanksgiving meal?A.Turkey was unlikely to be served as a main course. |
B.It was shared by two groups of Wampanoag people. |
C.It was possibly started with deer meat as a side dish. |
D.The food only included meat from some wild animals. |
A.In 1621. | B.In 1789. | C.In 1827. | D.In 1863. |
A.It had unique cultural value. | B.It tasted much more delicious. |
C.It had more benefits for health. | D.It was cheaper and easier to get. |
A.How Did Turkey Became the Centerpiece of Thanksgiving? |
B.What Was the Centerpiece of the “First Thanksgiving”? |
C.Why Did We Start to Celebrate Thanksgiving Day? |
D.What Does the Thanksgiving Meal Symbolize? |