Both Roberto and Keith have a 45-minute commute (通勤) time from their homes to their workplace. When Roberto drives, he has realistic expectations of how others drive and how long the trip should take. Overall, he is able to adapt to any unexpected challenges he may: face on the road.
He rarely becomes angry. By contrast, Keith drives with a tendency for becoming angry easily, partly due to unrealistic expectations of other drivers, his quickness to personalize and feel threatened by the actions of others, and his inability to calm his anger.
The difference between how Roberto and Keith experience their drive to work, especially with regard to getting angry, is influenced very much by their emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is crucial for helping individuals choose constructive over destructive anger. A key aspect of healthy anger is being able to pause and reflect on, rather than react to our thoughts, feelings, and senses associated with getting angry.
Self-regulation and empathy (同理心) are two important components of emotional intelligence, which can be a buffer (缓冲) against destructive anger. Self-regulation helps us to control our moods. Empathy helps us to recognize the humanity. in others and ourselves.
Studies suggest that training in emotional intelligence can powerfully impact how anger is managed. This was supported by a three-year study of 476 young adults who showed reduced tendency of becoming angry after training. Children and adults can learn skills to boost their emotional intelligence and, by doing so, develop adaptability for dealing with various negative feelings, including anger. Many workbooks offer skills in emotional intelligence to promote empathy and self-awareness regarding emotions and how they impact our beliefs and behavior.
Clearly, through training, Keith would experience greater emotional flexibility that could support a more peaceful commute to work. I firmly believe that learning skills in emotional intelligence should be the focus in helping individuals more constructively manage this highly challenging and complex emotion.
1. What is the main feature of healthy anger?A.Thinking over the annoying situation. |
B.Taking action to deal with the awful situation. |
C.Turning a blind eye to the unwelcome situation. |
D.Expressing feelings about the disturbing situation. |
A.Supportive. | B.Doubtful. |
C.Negative. | D.Tolerant. |
A.He would shorten his commute time. |
B.He would stop threatening other drivers. |
C.He would help others more deliberately. |
D.He would manage emotions more constructively. |
A.The Role of Empathy in Commuting Peacefully |
B.The Influence of Emotional Intelligence on Life |
C.The Need for Drivers to Enhance Their Intellectual Training |
D.Emotional Intelligence: A Protection Against Destructive Anger |
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【推荐1】When you are anxious and stressed, you could add an “emotional workout” to your self-care regimen (养生法). “It’s like working out prevents high blood pressure and heart disease.
Says Emily Anhalt, a clinical psychologist. Here are some expert-backed exercise to help you begin.
Annoyed with a loved one? Practice the “self-reflection push-up.”
Feeling hurt, annoyed or angry with someone else’s behavior might reflect something.
As humans, we’re born to avoid pain. When uncomfortable emotions arise, we may try to distract (分散) ourselves from feeling bad. We may wander through social media or on Netflix. These strategies are called “defenses”. However, we can’t merely rely on defenses.
When upset emotions arise, try to befriend your feelings. Start by naming your emotions, a technique psychologists call “affect labeling.” The goal isn’t to change the emotion, but to bring awareness to how it feels in the moment.
A.Feeling down? |
B.Unsatisfied with a bad result? |
C.That’s what we dislike about ourselves. |
D.Emotional fitness can benefit stress management. |
E.Therefore, we can make use of them to cheer us up. |
F.To conclude, symptoms like anxiety are the body’s alarm system. |
G.Without feeling our emotions, our ability to process them will be influenced. |
When advising children and adolescents who are learning to regulate their emotions, experts explain that how they think affects how they feel. After children learn to use some basic techniques to regulate their emotions, a greater sense of internal control arises. Thereafter, people start to notice the power they can feel in their minds by changing their thought patterns.
“I believe that changing our thinking patterns helps engage different parts of the brain,” said Ran D. Anbar, the author of Changing Children’s Lives with Hypnosis: A Journey to the Center, “For instance, we may find ourselves habitually thinking in a particular way that predictably makes us feel poorly, for example angry, anxious, or sad. People can become angry when they feel that they have been treated poorly or have not gotten their way. The anger occurs because the person focuses on the perceived (察觉到的) injustice. When we shift our thinking, we can more easily create new, healthier thought patterns.”
For instance, 14-year-old “Sarah” became angry with her parents for restricting her use of social media. While discussing why her parents did so, Sarah recognized that they were attempting to protect her from some of the ill effects of overusing social media. Sarah let go of her anger. She switched from thinking about her frustration with her parents’ restrictions and instead focused her thoughts on how to solve the dilemma (困境) regarding her overuse of social media. She was able to recognize that her parents were her valuable friends rather than her opponents.
Frequently, people explain to themselves and others that their poor mood is related to unfortunate circumstances. While holding such a belief, people sometimes take comfort in the idea that since they cannot change their circumstances, there should be no expectation that they take charge of improving their feelings.
However, as demonstrated in this post, our emotional response to unfortunate circumstances can be brought under our control and improved through a change in our thinking patterns. Sometimes, that change can even help us figure out new ways to act that also will improve our situation.
1. What happens after children regulate their emotion?2. Why does the author mention the example of Sarah in the 3rd paragraph?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
People always believe their poor mood is due to unfortunate circumstances, so they will try to change their situation in order to have a good mood.
4. Besides changing thinking patterns, do you have other way(s) to control your emotions? (In about 40 words)
【推荐3】Whoever wrote the song “It’s the Most Wonderful Time of the Year” must have never experienced the holiday blues. Fortunately, psychological research suggests some effective ways you can use to beat the holiday blues.
At family gatherings with cousins you secretly can’t stand, you tend to put on a happy face. Indeed, that might even seem like the most mature response — no drama, no conflict. But a 2011 study followed dozens of bus drivers, looking to see when they gave forced or honest smiles at their passengers. The results showed when the drivers pretended to have a good mood, their actual moods got worse, so trying to force happiness seems to have the opposite effects.
Let off sadness
The results of the bus-driver study can be explained by researchers who find that negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them.
Respond cautiously
Recently, scientists have been paying special attention to the benefits of caution.
Enjoy a mix of emotions
Of course, the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows, but the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall well-being.
A.Relax your mind |
B.Don’t force cheer |
C.In other words, sadness, anger, and other difficult emotions are nothing to fear. |
D.We tend to deny the important function emotions serve. |
E.When you respond cautiously to an emotional trigger, you pause rather than react at once. |
F.We feel bad when our appearance is not consistent with our inside feelings. |
G.The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid. |
【推荐1】A recent global survey of 2000 high-net-worth individuals found that 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement. Among US participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs. “Many of these people made their wealth by doing something they’re passionate(有激情的) about.” says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth Americas. “Given the choice, they prefer to continue working.” Barclays calls these people “nevertirees”.
Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictions, the average nevertiree often has no one forcing his hand. If 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his own family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day. Who’s going to stop him? Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s job security is guaranteed in the Constitution.
It may seem that these elderly people are trying to cheat death. In fact, they are. And it’s working. Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives. “People are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, and retire to Florida,” he says. He described one study participant, still working at the age of 100, who was recently disappointed to see his son retire.
“We’re beginning to see a change in how people view retirement,”says George Leeson, co-director of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford. Where once retirement was seen as a brief reward after a long struggle through some miserable job, it is now akin(近似) to being cast aside. What Leeson terms “the Warren Buffett effect” is becoming more broadly appealing as individuals come to “view retirement as not simply being linked to economic productivity but also about contribution.”
Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing. On the one hand, companies and financial firms can benefit from the wisdom of a resilient(坚韧的)chief. On the other, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance — an argument that typically holds little sway to a nevertiree.
1. What do Irving Kahn and Ruth Bader Ginsburg have in common?A.Neither of them is subject to forced retirement. |
B.Neither of them desires reward for their work. |
C.Both cling to their positions despite opposition. |
D.Both are capable of coping with heavy workloads. |
A.The harder you work, the bigger your fortune will be. |
B.The earlier you retire, the healthier you will be. |
C.Elderly people have to slow down to live longer. |
D.Working at an advanced age lengthens people’s life. |
A.It means a burden to the younger generation. |
B.It is a symbol of a mature and civilized society. |
C.It is a compensation for one’s life-long hard work. |
D.It helps increase a nation’s economic productivity. |
A.They are an obstacle to a company’s development. |
B.They lack the creativity of the younger generation. |
C.They cannot work as efficiently as they used to. |
D.They prevent young people from getting ahead. |
【推荐2】People who give, live longer, studies have shown. Now, a new study by University of Michigan shows that why people volunteer—not whether they volunteer—is what really counts.
For the study, Konrath and colleagues analyzed data collected in 2008 and 2012 aiming at the same random samples of 3,376 people. Overall, they found that just 2.3 percent of those who once worked as volunteers had died, compared to 4.3 percent of non-volunteers. They further found that how much people volunteered mattered as well—only 1.8 percent of regular volunteers died, compared with 2.5 percent of occasional volunteers.
But what really made a difference were people’s motives for volunteering. The researchers asked people to rate how important they found various reasons for volunteering, and they found that the more important people rated reasons such as feeling pity for people in need, the more likely they were to be alive. Those who rated motives related to personal benefit as more important were more likely to have died, and just as likely to die as those who didn’t volunteer at all. These reasons included volunteering because they enjoyed the social contact, to escape their own problems, or to explore their own strengths.
Konrath says the current findings suggest it may be a poor idea to encourage people to volunteer because it’s good for them. “Volunteering is increasingly being encouraged in schools and organizations. Some groups say that it’s okay to want benefits for yourself, and encourage people to think of volunteering as an exchange for personal interests. Some groups emphasize the health benefits received through volunteering.” Konrath added, “Of course, it’s reasonable for volunteers to expect benefits for themselves. But the potential health benefits of volunteering are significantly reduced if self-benefit becomes a person’s main motive.”
1. What does the new study mainly find?A.How we volunteer makes sense to others. | B.How often we volunteer makes a difference. |
C.Whether we volunteer decides our well-being. | D.Why we volunteer has an impact on our health. |
A.By analyzing statistics. | B.By rating volunteers’ performances. |
C.By doing lab experiments. | D.By grouping participants randomly. |
A.To develop abilities. | B.To make more friends. |
C.To help the poor people. | D.To solve personal problems. |
A.Practical suggestions on further studies. | B.A further explanation of the current findings. |
C.Potential applications of the research method. | D.A reasonable doubt about the research results. |
【推荐3】Is it your dream to fly and to work in space? Do you want to be a NASA astronaut? Like many jobs, the first thing would be to fill out the application. A record-breaking 18,300 people filled out applications recently when NASA announced it was filling its 2017 Astronaut Candidate program. But out of those 18.300 applicants, just eight to 14 will be hired by the U.S. space agency.
It will take 18 months to decide who will be in the new class of astronauts. NASA will review all of the files, which will later go to its current team of astronauts, to make sure they meet the basic qualifications.
The first requirement is the applicants must be U.S. citizens. They need a college degree in engineering, biological science, physical science, computer science, or mathematics. They also need at least three years of experience in a similar field or at least 1,000 hours as a jet airline pilot.
There are requirements to pass a physical test. And then there are personality qualities tests as well. What kinds of personalities is NASA looking for in an astronaut? NASA’s Selection Manager Anne Roemer said, “I think leadership , teamwork, the ability to not only work on a team, lead a team, but also follow, be a follower on a team. Communication certainly plays a role, so it’s some pretty common skills that I think translate into even other professions.”
About 120 applicants will be invited to the Johnson Space Centre in Houston, Texas, for a first round of interviews, about half of whom will go back for a second round. Once selected, they must complete two years of training in everything about spaceflight-things like learning about all the systems used by NASA, walking in space and Russian language training. Until the U.S. has a working vehicle to launch into space, NASA still depends on Russia to get astronauts into space.
1. What is the percentage of employment among the applicants?A.About half of them | B.About 8 to 14 |
C.About 120 applicants | D.Less than 0.08 percent |
A.Devotion | B.Team spirit |
C.Communication | D.Perseverance |
A.A college degree in required areas. |
B.Related experience. |
C.Speaking Russian fluently. |
D.Passing physical and personality tests. |
A.What is takes to be an astronaut? |
B.What an astronaut should train in? |
C.NASA welcome its most applicants ever. |
D.NASA 2017 Astronaut Candidate program. |
【推荐1】I met the last speaker of Naati on an empty stretch of beach on Malekula, an island in the South Pacific nation of Vanuatu. I told the man, Ariep, that I was in the country to study one of its native languages. When he learned I was a linguist, he excitedly shared that he speaks Naati.
Ariep explained the relationship between Naati and the other languages of the area. With a mix of pride and sorrow, he revealed that he is the last fluent speaker of Naati. Although a few of his family members have some knowledge of the language and make an effort to use it together, he fears that with his death, Naati will soon disappear. Naati’s situation is not unique. Of the about 7000 languages spoken on the planet today, 50% to 90% are considered vulnerable to extinction by the end of the century.
Languages are an invaluable source of culture. Understanding different languages is vital to understanding human cognition. A world with diverse languages benefits us all. Each language isa piece of the puzzle that we need in order to determine how language works in the mind. With each missing piece, we are further from seeing the full picture.
There are enough commonalities among language systems. In terms of sentence structure, all languages use the three basic elements: subject, object, and verb. Although these can be ordered in different ways, about 80% of known languages put the subject first, while only about 1% put the object first. Analyzing these patterns has real impacts for our lives. The more we understand about how language functions, the better equipped we are to improve our therapies for communication disorders and our methods for language teaching.
However, taking into account all languages is a huge challenge. Many languages are in danger of disappearing before they have been documented, taking with them irreplaceable information about human culture. For the sake of the speakers of endangered languages, for the sake of us all, we must preserve the world’s languages as we search for answers and work to ensure language diversity for generations to come.
1. What do we know about Ariep?A.He looks forward to leaving Malekula. |
B.He speaks many foreign languages fluently. |
C.He is worried about the disappearance of Naati. |
D.He is devoted to studying endangered languages. |
A.Ways to break down language barriers. |
B.The significance of language diversity. |
C.Reasons for the extinction of languages. |
D.The impact of human cognition on languages. |
A.To show the difficulty of learning grammar. |
B.To present the functions of language systems. |
C.To analyze the methods of language teaching. |
D.To prove the connection among different languages. |
A.How Do Native Languages Develop? |
B.Why Are Languages Worth Preserving? |
C.How Can We Protect Endangered Languages? |
D.What Makes Naati Unique in Human Language? |
【推荐2】Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees’ nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide.
The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives (蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees’ nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.
Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.
1. Why is it difficult to find a wild bees’ nest?A.It’s small in size. | B.It’s hidden in trees. |
C.It’s covered with wax. | D.It’s hard to recognize. |
A.A bee. | B.A bird. |
C.Animals or people looking for honey. | D.A beekeeper. |
A.it gets its food | B.it goes to church |
C.it sings in the forest | D.it reaches into bees’ nests |
A.Wild Bees | B.Wax and Honey |
C.Beekeeping in Africa | D.Honey-Lover’s Helper |
【推荐3】Many of the most damaging types of weather begin quickly, strike suddenly, and disappear rapidly, destroying small areas while leaving neighboring areas untouched. Such event as a tornado struck the northeastern part of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado went beyond $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm.
Traditional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to study carefully the slight atmospheric changes that come before these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at places separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, traditional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large areas than they do forecasting specific local events.
Until recently, the observation intensive method needed for exact, very short-range forecasts, or “Nowcasts,” was not possible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was extremely high, and the difficulties concerned in rapidly collecting and processing the weather data from such a network were hard to overcome.
Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems and satellites are all able to make detailed, nearly continuous observation over large areas at a lower cost. Communications satellites can send out data around the world cheaply and immediately, and modern computers can quickly collect and analyze this large amount of weather information.
Meteorologists(气象学者) and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment able to change weather data into words and graphic displays that forecasters can understand easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.
1. Why can’t traditional computer models predict short-lived local storms?A.The weather data people collect are often wrong. |
B.Detailed weather data in some small areas are not available. |
C.The computers are not advanced enough to predict them. |
D.The computers are not used to forecast specific local events. |
A.a network to collect storm data |
B.a way of collecting weather data |
C.a more advanced system of weather observation |
D.a forecast which can predict weather in the small area |
A.Scientific and technological advances. | B.Advanced computer programs. |
C.Computer scientists. | D.Meteorologists. |
A.The advantages of “Nowcasts”. | B.A tornado in Edmonton, Alberta. |
C.The difficulty in predicting tornado. | D.A great development in weather forecast. |