It’s an all too common story: A young child walks off during a party and falls into a backyard pool. No one notices she’s missing——until it’s too late. When Grayson Barron learned of such a disaster in a friend’s neighborhood, the 18-year-old immediately jumped into problem-solving mode. The new pool alarm system he’s just developed sends out several types of warnings when someone or something splashes into an unguarded pool.
Grayson calls his floating system “The Buoy (浮标)”. A large splash will trigger its built-in sensors to send out a series of alerts——a flashing light, an alarm that sounds like a loud doorbell and a text to the owner’s mobile phone.
Grayson’s is not the first pool alarm, but the teen says others all have disadvantages. Some are very costly. Others can become stuck in corners of a pool. He wanted a low-cost option that was reliable (可靠的). Grayson 3-D printed the main part of his device, then attached sensors. He then equipped the device with a light, a speaker and a wireless network that can send texts. A battery, which is hooked up to solar panels, keeps the system charged for months.
While hard to design, the new system “is so easy to use,” says Grayson. “All I do is turn it on and throw it into a pool.” After that, he says, it just “does its thing”.
1. Why was a child falling into a pool mentioned in the first paragraph?A.To remind the importance of safety. | B.To prepare for the topic of the text. |
C.To praise Grayson Barron. | D.To show accidents are everywhere. |
A.Grayson’s pool alarm can work by itself after being turned on and thrown into the pool. |
B.The system of Grayson’s pool alarm is out of control. |
C.Grayson’s pool alarm must be operated by man. |
D.Grayson’s pool alarm is easy to design and easy to use. |
A.It is very expensive. | B.It s easy to get stuck. |
C.It easy to lose balance. | D.It s difficult to design. |
A.Teens’ Tech Will Send Alerts to Reduce Deaths |
B.Grayson Barron Saved a Lot of Lives |
C.Many People Are Drowned Every Year |
D.Grayson Has Invented Much Device |
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【推荐1】The wires, screens and batteries that make up our devices-not to mention the plastic, metal and other materials that package them-are filling up landfills. Some e-waste is relatively large: old phones and air conditioners, for instance. Other e-waste is more hidden, such as electronic single-use medical diagnostic kits, environmental sensors, and smart labels that contain one-off batteries and other equipment.
“It’s these small batteries that are big problems, ” says public health scientist Dele Ogunseitan, who was not involved in developing the battery. ”Nobody really pays attention to where they end up.
Researchers at the Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) are working to address this problem. Their new paper in Scientific Reports describes a paper battery developed from environmentally friendly materials that could eventually present a sustainable alternative to the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices.
The paper battery has the same key components as standard batteries but packages them differently. Like a typical chemical battery, it has-a positively charged side called a cathode (正极), a negatively charged side called an anode (负极), and a conductive material called an electrolyte (电解质)between the two. A traditional battery’s components are packaged in plastic and metal; in the new battery, the anode and cathode are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper. That paper is filled with salt, which dissolves (溶解)when the paper is dampened with water. The resulting saltwater solution acts as the electrolyte.
When the paper is dry, the battery is shelf-stable. Add just a couple of drops of water, however, and the salt dissolves, allowing electrons to flow. Once the paper is dampened, the battery becomes active within 20 seconds. The new battery’s operating performance declines as the paper dries. When the scientists rewet the paper during testing, the battery regained functionality and lasted an hour before beginning to dry out again.
1. What can we infer about small disposal batteries according to Dele Ogunseitan?A.They are no big problems. |
B.They need to be addressed. |
C.They should be made larger. |
D.They are environmentally friendly. |
A.It has a cathode and an anode. |
B.It has different key components. |
C.Its cathode and anode are printed on paper. |
D.Its components are packaged in plastic and metal. |
A.Salt. |
B.Metal. |
C.Ink. |
D.Water. |
A.Advances. |
B.Reviews. |
C.Culture. |
D.Opinion. |
【推荐2】Kiwi students have become the world’s first kids to be “taught” by a digital teacher named Will. Before you start imagining a human-like robot walking around the classroom. Will is just an avatar (化身) that appears on the student’s desktop, tablet or smartphone screen.
Auckland energy company Vector and AI company Soul Machines have worked together to model after the human brain and nervous system, allowing it to show human-like behavior. The digital teacher is now teaching primary school students about renewable energy.
Just like the humans it replaced, Will is able to instantly react to the students’ responses to the topic. He also picks up facial expressions, body language of the students. For instance, if a student smiles at Will, he smiles back. The two-way interaction(互动) not only helps capture(捕捉) the students’ attention, but also allows the program’s developers to monitor their performance, and make changes if needed.
Greg Cross, the Chief Business Officer of Soul Machines, says, “It’s well-documented that STEM teachers are in short supply in New Zealand schools. By using digital teachers, we are able to provide access to education to kids and communities that might not have access to real teachers.”
Greg believes that Will-like avatars could be a novel way to have the attention of the next generation. He says, “The program, in place since August 2018, has been a great success thus far. However, regardless of its popularity, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon. For one thing, the avatar’s knowledge base is severely limited. For another, even the smartest digital avatars could never react to all the unexpected situations that educators have to deal with on a daily basis.”
1. What do we know about Will?A.He teaches college students in the classroom. |
B.He will replace human teachers in the future. |
C.He can deal with unexpected issues in class. |
D.He has human-like brain and nervous system. |
A.The human brain. | B.The nervous system. |
C.The digital teacher. | D.The human-like robot. |
A.To monitor students’ performance. | B.To respond to the teacher shortage. |
C.To capture students’ attention in class. | D.To teach students renewable energy. |
A.World-first Digital Teacher. | B.Future of Energy Company. |
C.Development of AI Company. | D.Shortage of Human Teachers. |
【推荐3】Sometimes it takes a work of art to give the inspiration for advances in science. For example, Elon Musk’s dream of humans living on other planets was first inspired by Isaac Asimov’s Foundation book series. Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos is similarly a massive fan of the Star Trek television series. The series inspired him to found his very own space company Blue Origin, according to Forbes magazine.
Let’s explore some of the technologies from science fiction that have been brought to life.
● Remote control
Frank Herbert’s 1965 novel Dune features a small flying robot device that is piloted remotely, one of the earliest appearances of drones (无人机) in science fiction. With the first permit for commercial drone use in the US given in 2006, drones became a reality, and can now be found taking on multiple roles. They provide new angles for photography, help farmers maintain their crops and are used in the military. Jeff Bezos has even supported the use of drones to deliver packages for his company Amazon, unveiling a delivery drone back in 2019.
● From thin air
The television show Star Trek, first appearing on screens in 1966, inspired science. One of the most unexpected examples may be the 3D printer. In the program, a device can create any object desired within a matter of seconds.
Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, US, developed a 3D printer in 2019 that shapes objects using rays of light. They have named the printer the “replicator”, the same name as the device in the program to show their inspiration. The device uses light to alter the density of resin (树脂), changing the material from a liquid to a solid in order to shape the desired object.
● Starting the heart
One of the first sci-fi novels, Frankenstein by Mary Shelley has had a huge impact on science. Earl Bakken, the inventor of the pacemaker (起搏器), a device placed into the chest that helps the heart to pump blood using small electrical impulses, was inspired by the 1931 movie adaptation of the book. “What intrigued me most was the creative spark of Dr. Frankenstein’s electricity,” Bakken told The Atlantic. Defibrillators (除颤仪), which restart the heart with an electrical current after a cardiac arrest (心脏骤停), also resemble the electric shock that gave the monster life.
A.Star Trek | B.Frankenstein | C.Dune | D.Foundation |
A.Watering crops. |
B.Transporting packages. |
C.Guarding military sites. |
D.Snaping breathtaking pictures. |
A.It can use any material to print. |
B.It can create anything within minutes. |
C.It can change the density of 3D printer. |
D.It can turn a liquid into a solid using light. |
A.The way Dr. Frankenstein used electricity. |
B.The device Dr. Frankenstein placed into the chest. |
C.The tools Dr. Frankenstein used in his experiments. |
D.The material Dr. Frankenstein used to create the monster. |
A.To show some scientific advances inspired by artworks. |
B.To explain some functions of those useful equipment. |
C.To offer some technologies used by medicine. |
D.To introduce some interesting science fiction. |
【推荐1】Honeybees are in trouble. While they’ re crucial for promoting biodiversity and producing food for healthy human diets, honeybees face many threats, including habitat loss, climate change, air pollution and disease-causing organisms.
But now, there’s hope for helping honeybees fight back against one of the many stressors they face, a deadly infectious disease known as American foulbrood. To fight the disease, the U.S. Department of Agriculture approved for use the world’s first honeybee vaccine (疫苗), developed by Dalan Animal Health.
Bacteria called Paenibacillus larvae cause American foulbrood, which kills honeybees while they are in the pupal (蛹的) or pre-pupal stage. Until now, there was no “safe and sustainable” way to prevent American foulbrood. The only treatment involved antibiotics (抗生素), which are expensive, have limited effectiveness and take lots of time and energy for beekeepers to apply. To stop the spread, beekeepers are often forced to burn infected bees. That makes the vaccine a game changer.
“Our vaccine is a breakthrough in protecting honeybees,” says Annette Kleiser, CEO of Dalan Animal Health. “We are ready to change how we care for insects, impacting food production on a global level.”
Beekeepers will mix the vaccine, which contains dead P. larvae bacteria cells, into the food that worker bees eat. Then, when the worker bees produce their milky royal jelly (蜂王浆), the queen will eat it and the vaccine. Then, the vaccine will protect her developing offspring from the disease.
Under a conditional license from the USDA, Dalan Animal Health now plans to distribute limited amounts of the vaccine to commercial beekeepers. From there, they hope to offer it for sale throughout the U.S. sometime this year.
The federal agriculture agency awards conditional licenses to products that meet an emergency, situation, limited market, local situation or special circumstance. The USDA requires products that receive these types of licenses to be pure and safe, and have a reasonable expectation of effectiveness. Generally, conditional licenses come with restrictions and cover a limited period of time. Once that period ends, the agency evaluates the product’s effectiveness to determine whether to renew the conditional license or award a regular product license.
1. What’s the function of the first paragraph?A.To stress the importance of honeybees. |
B.To lead to the topic of the passage. |
C.To list the threats honeybees face. |
D.To arouse readers’ interest. |
A.Because it has changed the way we care for insects. |
B.Because it’s the only treatment for American foulbrood. |
C.Because it breaks through the limitations of the former treatment. |
D.Because the previous treatment has no effectiveness. |
A.Queen bees. | B.Worker bees. |
C.Adult bees. | D.Young bees. |
A.They promote the commercial success of honeybee vaccine. |
B.They guarantee the full effectiveness of products. |
C.They can be renewed with no strings attached. |
D.They are in effect within a period of time. |
【推荐2】In order to help discover spoilage(变质)and reduce food waste for supermarkets and consumers,researchers have developed new low-cost,smart phone-linked, eco-friendly spoilage sensors for meat and fish packaging.
One in three UK consumers throw away food just because it reaches the use-by date(保存期),but 60%(4.2 million tonnes)of the £12.5 billion-worth of food we throw away each year is safe to eat.
The researchers,whose findings were published in ACS Sensors,say the sensors could also eventually replace the use-by date-a widely used indicator of being fresh and eatable.
The sensors cost two US cents each to make.Known as"paper-based electrical gas sensors(PEGS)",they detect spoilage gases like ammonia(a poisonous gas with a strong unpleasant smell)in meat and fish products.The information provided by the electronic nose is received by a smart phone,and then you can know whether the food is fresh and safe to eat.
The Imperial College London researchers who developed PEGS made the sensors by printing carbon electrodes(电极)onto a special type of paper.The materials are eco-friendly and harmless,so they don't damage the environment and are safe to use in food packaging.The sensors,combined with a tiny electronic system,then inform nearby mobile devices,which identify and understand the data about spoilage gases.
Lead author Dr Firat Guder,of Imperial's Department of Bioengineering,said, "Although they're designed to keep us safe,use-by dates can lead to eatable food being thrown away.They don't always reflect its actual freshness.In fact,people often get sick from foodborne diseases due to poor storage,even when an item is within its use-by date.
"These sensors are cheap enough so we hope to see supermarkets using them within three years.Our goal is to use PEGS in food packaging to reduce unnecessary food waste."
The authors hope that PEGS could have applications beyond food processing,like sensing chemicals in agriculture,air quality,and detecting disease markers in breath like those involved in kidney disease.
1. What is the function of PEGS according to the text?A.To improve the service of stores. |
B.To help supermarkets store foods. |
C.To improve the taste of food products. |
D.To help people test food freshness. |
A.It acts as an electronic nose. |
B.It reads the data collected by PEGS. |
C.It discovers the spoilage gases from foods. |
D.It helps print the gas sensors onto paper. |
A.They are not completely reliable. |
B.They can help reduce food waste. |
C.They are not accepted by consumers. |
D.They are based on scientific research. |
A.The process of researching spoilage sensors. |
B.A new technology in packaging to reduce food waste. |
C.Use-by dates 'influence on supermarkets and consumers. |
D.The application of spoilage sensors beyond food processing. |
【推荐3】Silkworms(蚕)were first brought from Asia to the ancient city of Byzantium around A. D. 550. It was two men who presented some silkworm eggs from China to Byzantine Emperor Justinian I in Constantinople, where he created a fruitful silk industry. Silkworms reached Italy through Sicily in the 12th century, and by the 13th century, silkworm farming had moved north to the Po River Valley. By the 16th century, silkworm farming had been introduced to the Como area.
Since silkworms require a constant, mild temperature, entire sections of farmhouses were turned over to them and whole families would often join in the work, adding fuel round the clock to fires to maintain the proper warmth. “Some even gave the worms the house and slept outside with the animals, ”says Ester Geraci, an official at Como’s Educational Silk Museum.
The process began with the 10-to 14-day incubation(孵化)of silkworm eggs. According to the museum, keeping the tiny, delicate eggs at just the right temperature was the task of the women. Once hatched, the worms, only about one millimeter long, had to be fed night and day. From a birth weight of only half a milligram, they would grow 10, 000-fold to a final weight of around five grams and a length of 8 to 9 centimeters in just 30 days. Then, in the final three days of their youth stage, the worms would start to make their cocoons (茧) out of one continuous thin silk-up to 1, 200 meters long-which they produced from near their mouths. After about a week, the cocoons were placed briefly in a hot, dry place to kill the adult insects inside. These cocoons were then put in hot water to facilitate the difficult and boring task of obtaining the silk. The minute end of the cocoon’s silk had to be located and placed onto a round object, which then unwound it from the water-warmed cocoon. The silk was then cleaned and made into fabric.
1. Which can best describe silkworm farming outside China?A.It was a short-term investment. |
B.It benefitted fruit growers. |
C.It upset local emperors. |
D.It was a success story. |
A.Raising silkworms was a backbreaking job. |
B.Silkworms like living in a cool environment. |
C.Raising silkworms in farmhouses was common. |
D.Silkworms living with other insects grow healthy. |
A.They produce silk 3 days after being hatched. |
B.They gain weight quickly in about a month. |
C.They grow to 8 to 9 centimeters in two weeks. |
D.They need one week to come out of their eggs. |
A.To explain how silkworms reached Italy. |
B.To encourage people to raise silkworms. |
C.To introduce the farming of silkworms. |
D.To show the life cycle of silkworms. |