We think of sweaters as comfortable ways to stay warm in chilly temperatures. Penguins think of sweaters as ways to stay safe after oil spills. At least that’s the idea behind wrapping penguins in knitted (编织的) sweaters and jumpers.
The Penguin Foundation, an Australian charity that raises money to protect and conserve the environment of Phillips Island, started dressing the island’s tiny penguins in knitted sweaters following an oil spill in 1998. When penguins are dirty, they usually clean themselves. This process involves penguins in separating their feathers and making them smooth with their beaks. If they’re coated with oil, then penguins are going to ingest some of the petrol.
The penguin Foundation started the Knits for Nature program following a number of spills that occurred in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Then knitters from all over the world were invited to knits sweaters for the penguins. The sweaters, apart from looking adorable, were intended to stop the penguins from ingesting any oil that had coated their bodies. If they don’t have to clean themselves, then they won’t ingest the oil, thus upping the chances of the penguins’ survival. The sweaters, which are 100 percent wool, are also intended to keep the penguins warm since the oil impair the birds’ natural thermoregulation. Therefore, these sweaters are both stylish and practical.
Almost 20 years later, the Penguin Foundation has tens of thousands of these little sweaters--more than it’ll hopefully ever need when it comes to saving penguins in the event of an oil spill. As a result, the foundation doesn’t use the sweater it has received for penguins any longer. Instead, they are used by toy penguins that the foundation gives away with certain donations and as auction items during fundraisers. All the money raised will be used by the foundation to protect the penguins. The sweaters are also shipped to other rescue centers if they’re needed, and the foundation uses the sweaters to educate children visitors to the center about conservation efforts.
1. Why are knitted sweaters used to wrap penguins?A.To keep them clean. | B.To make them attractive. |
C.To help the foundation raise money. | D.To protect them from oil spills. |
A.The Knits for Nature program started in the 19th century. |
B.Only Australians are called on to knit sweaters. |
C.The sweaters are completely made of wool. |
D.The sweaters are effective but out-of-date. |
A.valuable | B.secure | C.fashionable | D.adaptable |
A.The ways to protecting penguins. | B.The solutions to extra sweaters. |
C.The advantages of the sweaters. | D.The functions of the foundation. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】International Tiger Day is an annual celebration to raise the awareness of tiger conservation. It's held on 29 July. Governments and citizens across the world organize awareness programs on that day to spread the importance of protecting tigers.
From ancient times, tigers were the subject of constant attraction for their beauty, size and sometimes mythical stories related to them. People's fascination (迷恋) for tigers is obvious from the fact that tigers are still a part of many national symbols and flags. Tigers are the largest cat species. Unfortunately, the population of tigers is fast decreasing. Every part of tigers from tail to skin to nail is traded in the illegal market for very high values. Many tigers are hunted, which is one of the key threats to their existence. They are also caught and raised as pets. 97 percent of the world tiger populations decreased in the last 100 years and only 3,890 tigers are left. If tigers get extinct, we will lose a species. And it also means that enough forests have been destroyed, which may endanger many other species.
For us, tigers are symbols of wildlife's fighting for survival. It reminds us of the dangers we face because of people's over-exploitation (过度开发) of the nature. It's an opportunity as well. Many efforts are on the way to double the tiger population by 2022. Strict national and international laws are against hunting and trading tigers. As a result, the number of tigers in the wild has risen for the first time in more than 100 years. Even though this is just a small increase, it's a huge symbolic victory in our efforts against the destruction of forests and wildlife. It's very important that we all join together in this effort, not only to save tigers, but also to save our forests.
1. What can we learn about International Tiger Day?A.It's celebrated on 29 June. |
B.It's held once every four years. |
C.Some activities are held worldwide for it. |
D.Lots of money is collected on that day. |
A.Tigers are uncommon. |
B.Tigers can be used to show a nation's spirit. |
C.Tigers are very dangerous animals. |
D.Tigers might destroy their homes. |
A.they are hunted for trade in illegal markets |
B.they are not as healthy as before |
C.many people keep them as pets |
D.some of them are kept in zoos |
A.The lack of food is the key threat to tigers' existence. |
B.The population of tigers has been doubled. |
C.We've got great success in protecting tigers. |
D.We should put more effort into protecting tigers. |
【推荐2】From the world’s last seven to a global population of more than 5,000, China spent nearly 40 years bringing back crested ibises(朱鹗)from the edge of extinction.
With its typical red crest and face, as well as a long black mouth and snow-white feathers, the crested ibis is known as “the oriental gem” in China. They were once widespread in East Asia and Siberia until the 20th century when hunting, ecological damage and increased human activities drove the birds to near extinction.
In 1981, the entire species around the world was down to the seven crested ibises which were found only in Yangxian County, northwest China's Shaanxi Province, and deep in the Qinling Mountains, making Qinling, a natural boundary between China's north and south,the last shelter of the wild birds.
Since 1981, the local government of Yangxian County has put forward four bans for the protection of the species, prohibiting activities including hunting in the birds' living areas,cutting down trees where they nest, using chemicals in their food-finding areas, and firing guns in their breeding(繁殖)areas. The Chinese government arranged special funds to protect the habitat of crested ibises, sealing off mountains to plant trees in the birds' living areas.China started the artificial breeding of crested ibises in 1991 and had bred more than 400 birds in Shaanxi as of last year.
Years of constant effort have brought promising results. It is estimated that there are more than 5,000 crested ibises in the world now, and a majority of them live in Shaanxi. The bird's habitat in China has risen from less than 5 square km in 1981 to the current 15,000 square km.
“It is lucky that the crested ibis, an ancient bird, is still flying around,” said Zan Linsen, head of the Shaanxi Academy of Forestry. “The conservation story of crested ibises not only shows us the power of ancient life, but also the necessity and urgency of ecological environment protection.”
1. Why are the Qinling Mountains so important to crested ibises?A.They are where crested ibises were first found. |
B.They used to be the last habitat of crested ibises. |
C.They are the only breeding area of crested ibises. |
D.They protect crested ibises from natural enemies. |
A.Crested ibises are unlikely to be bred artificially. |
B.It's legal to own hunting guns in Yangxian County. |
C.Hunting has been the biggest threat to crested ibises. |
D.The government plays a key role in saving crested ibises. |
A.Merciful and ambitious. | B.Relieved and happy. |
C.Shocked and curious. | D.Sorry and regretful. |
A.Rare animals in China: crested ibises |
B.Artificial breeding of crested ibises in China |
C.Endangered crested ibises making a comeback |
D.Crested ibises found again in the Qinling Mountains |
【推荐3】On Sept 25, a team of doctors made medical history. In a two-hour procedure, led by Dr Robert Montgomery at New York University (NYU) Langone Health in the US, surgeons successfully attached a kidney from a genetically-engineered (转基因的) pig to a human. The kidney functioned normally and wasn’t rejected by the person’s immune system.
Montgomery said that the success of the procedure was a “transformative (变革的) moment”. “It was a kidney that was immediately functioning,” Montgomery told CBS News. The recipient was a brain-dead patient with signs of kidney dysfunction (功能障碍) whose family agreed to the experiment before she was due to be taken off life support, researchers told Reuters.
For three days, the kidney was attached to the patient’s blood vessels (血管) by the upper leg and maintained outside her body to give researchers access. This kidney was never meant to serve as a permanently functioning organ for the patient. Instead, the point of the surgery was to test whether the body would reject the organ. Researchers have been working toward the possibility of using animal organs, namely pigs’, for transplants for years. The problem lies in how to prevent the body from rejecting the organ.
This is where the idea of using an organ from a genetically-engineered pig came into play.
According to Popular Science, pig cells contain a sugar molecule (分子) that is foreign to the human body and causes organ rejection. Montgomery’s team thought that using a modified (基因改良的) pig that wouldn’t produce this sugar molecule would overcome the issue of organ rejection. This could give hope to many down the road.
Montgomery said that the NYU kidney transplant experiment should pave the way for trials in patients with end-stage kidney failure, possibly in the next year or two, CNN reported. While there is still much to be done before entire pig organs are regularly used in people, the prospect itself is encouraging. Amy Friedman, a former transplant surgeon, told The New York Times that she hopes that in the future, it will be possible to use other organs grown in pigs as well. “It’s truly mind-boggling (难以置信的) to think of how many transplants we might be able to offer.”
1. What can we know about the NYU kidney transplant surgery?A.The patient was cured completely. |
B.The kidney would serve as a life-long organ for the patient. |
C.The kidney worked without rejection. |
D.The pig’s genes were successfully engineered. |
A.A modified pig has a special sugar molecule. |
B.A modified pig contains an organ that will not cause rejection. |
C.A sugar molecule is absent in a modified pig. |
D.Using a modified pig is much easier for the transplant. |
A.Favourable. | B.Disapproving. |
C.Ambiguous. | D.Neutral. |
A.The future of organ transplants is unpromising. |
B.Organs from other animals will be used in the future. |
C.This kind of transplants will not be offered any more. |
D.There is a long way to go before regularly using pig organs in people. |
【推荐1】When you love working out, taking a break from exercise can seem a waste of time — there are training plans to follow and goals to be met. So, what’s the problem? According to new research, excessive training can be damaging to mental well-being.
“The benefits of regular physical activity are well-established, but it’s possible to have too much of a good thing, says Janet, an expert at physical training. But how do you know if you’re doing too much? ”Over-exercising can mean training for too long or too intensely without enough rest for your personal limits,” she says. “Some of us may feel unable to stop.” Indeed, one research shows almost 40 percent of us feel guilty if we miss a workout and less than 59 percent regularly take a rest day. So should you be taking more time out?
By exercising beyond your limits, not only could you injure your body and reduce muscle mass, you could also end up feeling anxious, too. Over-exercising can impact your mood, relationships and ability to function in other areas of your life, warns Janet. “Exercise releases the stress hormone cortisol. For most people, this can help you better manage stress levels. Over-exercising, however, can lead to increased levels of cortisol in the blood stream which can lead to poor sleep, depression and problems with memory and concentration.”
Still not convinced? If you find it hard to put down your trainers, you’re not alone. Up to 10 percent of endurance athletes are affected by overtraining syndrome, with common effects including muscle soreness, persistent fatigue and even mental breakdown, says Professor James. “In addition, over-exercise can stimulate hyper inflammation, which has a severe effect on brain health.” There is a simple solution, however. “It has been shown that exhaustion may be delayed almost indefinitely by frequent and regular short breaks,” assures James.
1. What is Janet’s attitude towards excessive exercising?A.Favorable. | B.Tolerant. | C.Ambiguous. | D.Disapproving. |
A.Definitions of over-exercising. |
B.Effects of excessive exercising. |
C.Benefits of exercising with friends. |
D.Approaches to reaching people’s limits. |
A.Over-exercising can lead to severe stress problems. |
B.Taking a rest from over-exercising could ease tiredness. |
C.Brain health can be guaranteed by improving concentration. |
D.Over-training syndrome is common for those who exercise regularly. |
A.What is regular exercising? | B.Say no to extreme exercise. |
C.Take a short break from exercise. | D.How to balance exercise and work? |
The younger generation (一代人), according to a new survey, can hardly remember the last time of climbing trees or flying kites, as they are kept indoors and short of outdoor experiences.
The survey of 1,000 people found that the current (现在的) generation of 15- to 34-year-olds have fewer memories (记忆) of 12 key countryside activities such as swimming in rivers or going fishing.
The research found that three quarters of the older generation remembered playing games or climbing trees, compared with two thirds of younger adults.
The 55+ generation also had more memories of collecting stones, visiting a farm or pond dipping. Altogether, two thirds of older people had more memories of playing outdoors compared to just over half of the younger generation.
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) carried out the study at the start of the school term to stress the growing worry that children are not getting outdoors enough.
The study has found that 82 per cent of people think that schools should provide more outdoor education and most believe nature is still important to children today.
Dr. Mike Clarke, head of the RSPB, said children who are usually kept indoors are easier to get "
"To many people, it would seem clear and unquestionable that an important part of childhood is exploring the world around you. Unfortunately, this is far from the fact and the children are having less time and fewer chances to get close to nature," he said.
"The RSPB has more than a 40-year history in getting children outdoors and is still continuing to play our role. We now need the government and the schools to realize that they should play the most important role in making it possible for all the children to experience, enjoy and benefit (受益) from the outdoor environment."
1. Compared with the current generation, the older generation had ________.
A.more homework and exercises when they were children |
B.more memories of wonderful life in the countryside |
C.fewer memories of taking part in outdoor activities |
D.fewer chances of going on a visit to the big cities |
A.spend more time with their kids |
B.care more about the kids' growth |
C.let their kids get more outdoor activities |
D.order the schools to provide outdoor education |
A.children who often stay indoors |
B.children who often go outdoors |
C.all the younger generation |
D.all the older generation |
A.all the children can’t get close to nature and aren’t healthy any longer |
B.outdoor activities are the most important for the current generation |
C.the RSPB is more important than the government and schools in getting kids outdoors |
D.the RSPB plays an important role in getting kids outdoors all the time |
【推荐3】One million species (物种) in nature are at risk of dying out, more than ever before in human history, according to a UN report released in May. And humans should be responsible.
The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) based the assessment (评估) on some 15,000 sources considering the causes and results of environmental changes over the past 50 years.
The findings are clear and alarming. The researchers have found that about 25 percent of the world’s plants and animals are at risk of dying out. These include sea and land animals. Even the domesticated (驯养的) animals are at risk: Over 9 percent of the domesticated animal species used for food and agriculture might have been lost.
There are some big problems. This rapid decrease of the natural world endangers global food safety and quality of life. For example, about 4 billion people rely on natural medicines, produced by the disappearing species, for their health care. And losses of species of plants threaten up to $577 billion in crops each year.
The researchers found five drivers responsible for the unpleasant news. They think at the top of the list is the change of land and sea use. The change in ecosystems towards agriculture and other human developments has led to changes in the natural living space of species. It is followed by the direct overuse of creatures (harvesting crops, cutting down the trees, hunting and fishing) and climate change, including rising sea levels and increasing extreme-weather events, wildfires, floods and droughts. The final causes of species’ dying out are pollution, and the spread of non-native species that can displace or kill native plants and animals.
The researchers say it is time for humans to make a change. They think maybe a new global way to save food and refuse waste in our life could turn the tables. Whether that is possible is an open question.
1. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?A.To introduce the topic of the text. |
B.To introduce the schedule of the report. |
C.To introduce humans’ sense of responsibility. |
D.To introduce the history of human development. |
A.The reliability of the findings. | B.The seriousness of species loss. |
C.The species of animals worldwide. | D.The risky experiences of the researchers. |
A.Climate change. | B.Natural disasters. |
C.Changes of their living space. | D.The direct overuse of creatures. |
A.Changing our living habits. | B.Spreading non-native species. |
C.Limiting native plants and animals. | D.Stopping discussing the food problem. |