The Chinese people have developed the habit of ordering more dishes than they can eat when inviting guests for dinner in a restaurant, because if all the plates are empty at the end of the dinner, it would be considered a matter of shame to the host. Surveys show that as much as 35 million tons of food is wasted in China every year.
To solve this problem, the “Clean Your Plate” campaign was launched in 2013 and got a positive response from restaurant owners, the public, and governments at different levels. More and more waiters are now reminding diners to stop ordering more if they have ordered enough to make them full. Also, most restaurant owners nowadays provide free boxes with which the diners can carry the leftovers (剩菜) home.
The “Clean Your Plate” campaign has become popular along with the “save water” and “go green” activities. However, since it takes generations for people to change their bad habits, it’s too early to celebrate its success. Instead, more attention should be paid to preventing food waste at home.
Almost every Chinese family has a “waste bin”. Unfortunately, I happen to be the “waste bin” of my family. I used to enjoy eating leftovers until I heard an expert on TV saying that it causes cancer. Many doctors say the same thing. But later, I saw other experts doing experiments and concluding that food cooked hours ago or even a day ago shows no obvious increase in carcinogenic particles(致癌颗粒) if stored properly. Their disagreement has left me confused. I have no idea who is right, but I am clear that if all the leftovers are thrown away as suggested by some experts, it would be a big waste of food.
1. Why was the “Clean Your Plate” campaign launched?| A．To invite guests for dinner. | B．To save people’s face. |
| C．To reduce food waste. | D．To stop unbalanced diet. |
| A．Waiters are reminded to stop ordering more. |
| B．Free boxes are provided by most restaurant owners. |
| C．People are eager to change their bad habits earlier. |
| D．People pay more attention to preventing food waste at home. |
| A．Eating leftovers causes cancer. |
| B．Leftovers should be thrown into the waste bin. |
| C．Throwing all the leftovers would be a big waste of food. |
| D．Properly stored leftovers won’t cause damage to health. |
| A．An introduction to a campaign. | B．The ways to deal with leftovers. |
| C．An explanation of food waste. | D．The eating habits of Chinese. |
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【推荐1】The Yurok people have lived along the Klamath River, which flows from the Cascades in Oregon southwest through Northern California, for thousands of years, protecting the region and river from which they — and others — draw sustenance (生计).
But as development and pollution continue to reduce the number of fish in the river and the quantity and quality of its waters, the Yurok Tribe is legalizing (合法化) the tribe’s longstanding care by granting the Rights of Personhood to the Klamath, the first river in North America to have such rights declared.
The Yurok Tribal Council’s May 2019 resolution means the river has the same legal rights as a human under tribal law. This order allows people to bring law cases on behalf of the river when its rights are violated. According to the resolution, the tribe’s intention is to provide a legal basis for safeguarding the river and its ecosystem, especially in the face of water diversion, industrial pollution, and climate change impacts, among other threats. In a testimony (证词) delivered to the U. S. House of Representatives in October 2019, Yurok Tribe Vice Chairman Frankie Myers said this legal framework could create a path to ward a more thoughtful view of the rights of nature in other communities and courts, and that any money awarded by the Yurok courts will fund cleanup and restoration projects to remedy the litigated harms.
The Yurok Tribe’s resolution draws lessons from the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and echoes the efforts of other Indigenous tribes, including the White Earth Band of Ojibwe, which adopted the Rights of wild rice, in December 2018. “This is a very important step forward in the Rights of Nature movement,” Mari Margil, Associate Director of the Community Environmental Legal Defense Fund commented.
1. Which of the following can be used to describe Yurok people?| A．A conqueror. | B．A guardian. | C．A governor. | D．A consumer. |
| A．The process of legalization. | B．The tradition of Yurok tribe. |
| C．The reason behind the legalization. | D．The importance of the Klamath River. |
| A．Win an award in cleanup projects. |
| B．Protect the personhood of the river. |
| C．Fight against global water pollution. |
| D．Improve the government legal system. |
| A．Time and tide wait for no man. |
| B．Birds of a feather flock together. |
| C．Past experience is a guide for the future. |
| D．All things are difficult before they are easy. |
【推荐2】For companies around the world and across industries, sustainability(可持续发展) has rapidly gone from a nice-to-have to a must-have. Some famous companies have announced ambitious plans to remove single-use plastics, reduce carbon release and otherwise shrink their environmental footprint in various ways.
Newlight Technologies hopes to speed up that process. The company has spent more than a decade developing a material called AirCarbon, which functions exactly like plastic but is completely biodegradable(可生物降解的). Newlight developed the material using microorganisms found in the ocean that feed on methane and carbon dioxide-two-greenhouse gases among the biggest contributors to climate change. The organisms turn those gases into a natural polymer(聚合物) that can be shaped just like plastic.
“We call that AirCarbon because it's air and carbon that can mix with and become part of water,” CEO Mark Herrema said. “We have this pure white powder that we can then melt and form in all kinds of parts and pieces.” The company's new production facility is filled with large saltwater tanks that recreate ocean conditions, allowing the organisms to make the polymer from which AirCarbon can be obtained.
Newlight recently began rolling out its first set of products made from the material, launching two-brands. Its foodware brand, Restore, sells biodegradable straws, knives, forks and spoons, while its fashion brand Covalent sells handbags, wallets and sunglasses. And because the process of developing AirCarbon uses gases from the atmosphere, the products are carbon negative, meaning they take out more pollutants than they produce. Newlight has received carbon negative certifications from several organizations for its products.
Newlight’s current products are costlier than some traditional products available on the market, since the company has just one facility, which makes it hard to keep prices down. At present, Newlight’s AirCarbon products can remove 100 million pounds of carbon dioxide per year. But Herrema's goal is to build more facilities as quickly as possible and eventually increase that number to 20 billion pounds, which he says is how much plastic ends up in the ocean each year.
1. What is the advantage of AirCarbon?| A．It is more flexible than plastic. |
| B．It can partially break down. |
| C．It helps reduce greenhouse gases. |
| D．It is an artificial polymer like plastic. |
| A．Its products are of good quality. |
| B．Its products are energy-saving. |
| C．It develops two sustainable brands. |
| D．It removes more carbon than it releases. |
| A．Limited production. | B．Low profits. |
| C．Few customers. | D．Poor marketing. |
| A．New technology that reduces carbon release. |
| B．Greenhouse gases that can be used for products. |
| C．Ocean microorganisms that feed on greenhouse gases. |
| D．A plastic alternative that might help solve climate change. |
【推荐3】Teenager Christiana Tugwell and a small band of fellow school-age environmentalists have spent the past five months fighting proposals(提案) being put forward by the local developer, Countryside Residentials, to build 66 expensive separate houses in an area of woodland. They have received support at their protest(抗议）camp from other people who want to save the wood and the wildlife it contains. Christiana said:
"I began organizing the local campaign when I realized just how many local people were against the developments. They were writing letters of protest to the government but this was simply not enough So in order to p己it more pressure on the government and to raise national awareness, I started camping on the development site. I was the ring-leader and had to make some friends join me. They did not like sleeping rough and neither did I, but something had to be done. "
"My mum's first reaction was 'are you sure you want-to do this?' After the first week she sent some friends to try to make me come home. They said I'd get into trouble, but I was determined to stay. I even spent three nights at the camp on my own. Even though she wan-ted me home, mum was always supportive and even brought us vegetarian sausages. "
“Mum and I don't always see eye to eye on everything. But we agree that as long as what I want to do is not completely foolish, she lets me do it. She worries about possible violence from the people trying to drive us away and so do L I don't want to worry her, but stopping the development is more important. "
1. Christiana has spent the past few months| A．forming a small music band |
| B．travelling in the countryside |
| C．protesting the house development |
| D．fighting against a group of local people |
| A．she didn't share the local people's opinion |
| B．she felt the need to draw nationwide attention |
| C．she got some letters of protest from the local people |
| D．she was determined to go camping on the desired camp site |
| A．Christiana may have problems. |
| B．Christiana has got into trouble. |
| C．Christiana has made some new friends in danger. |
| D．Christiana has been determined to have things her way. |
【推荐1】The electronic cigarette（e-cigarette）industry is rapidly growing in the United States and the use of e-cigarettes is a public argument which continues because researchers do not yet know if e-cigarette use results in more benefit than harm. Now new research quantifies the balance of harm and benefit using the most current scientific evidence.
“Although the tobacco industry markets e-cigarettes as a tool to help adult smokers quit smoking, e-cigarette use actually only slightly boosts the adult smokers who are able to successfully quit,” says Samir Soneji, PhD, an associate professor at the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice. “On the other hand, e-cigarettes may promote cigarette smoking starting and afford much harm to adolescents and young adults once they are introduced to nicotine.”
Soneji's team calculated the expected years of life gained or lost from the impact of e-cigarette use on smoking pause among current smokers, and transition to long-term cigarette smoking among never-smokers. “E-cigarettes could lead to more than 1.5 million years of life lost because their use could largely make more and more adolescents and young adults eventually become cigarette smokers,” says Soneji.
Effective national, state, and local efforts are needed to reduce e-cigarette use among youth and young adults unless e-cigarettes are to afford a net population-level benefit in the future. “E-cigarettes will likely cause more public health harm than public health benefit unless ways can be found to largely decrease the number of adolescents and young adults who smoke and increase the number of smokers who use e-cigarettes to successfully quit smoking,” says Soneji. “We also need to close the regulatory（监管的）gaps that make e-cigarettes appealing to adolescents and young adults by reducing the availability of kid-friendly flavors and issuing product standards that reduce the level of some harmful and unhealthy materials in e-juice.”
1. What does the underlined word “boosts” in the second paragraph mean？| A．Affects. |
| B．Slows. |
| C．Increases. |
| D．Guides. |
| A．By causing them to ignore the meaning of life. |
| B．By causing them to lose interest in study. |
| C．By causing them to get involved in smoking. |
| D．By causing them to live an unhealthy lifestyle. |
| A．The data of e-cigarettes on the Internet. |
| B．The amount of nicotine in e-cigarettes. |
| C．The time of smokers’ using e-cigarettes. |
| D．The effect of e-cigarettes on smokers’ life. |
| A．Making e-cigarettes less accessible. |
| B．Making e-cigarettes taste worse. |
| C．Getting support from the government. |
| D．Changing the materials of making e-cigarettes. |
【推荐2】A child who suffers bullying(霸凌) usually has low self-esteem and their ability to learn and be successful at school is greatly lessened. Therefore, bullying must be stopped.
The best and most obvious way to stop bullying in schools is for parents to change the way they raise their children at home. Of course, this is much easier said than done and everyone raises their children differently. Bullies, however, come from homes where physical punishment is used and children have been taught that physical violence is the way to handle problems and “get their way”. Bullies usually also come from homes where the parents fight a lot, so children have been modeled on such violence. Parental involvement is often lacking in bullies’ lives and there seems to be little warmth.
Early intervention (干预) is truly the best way to stop bullying, but parents of the victims or therapists(治疗师) can’t alter the bully’s home environment. Some things can be done at the school level, however. Most school programs that address bullying apply a multi-faceted(多层面的) method to the problem.
Hand out questionnaires to all students and teachers and discuss if bullying is occurring. Define exactly what constitutes(构成) bullying at school. The questionnaire is a wonderful tool that allows the school to see how widespread bullying is and what forms it is taking. It is a good way to start to solve the problem.
Get the children’s parents involved in a bullying program. If parents of the bullies and the victims are not aware of what is going on at school, then the whole bullying program will not be effective. Stopping bullying in school takes teamwork and concentrated effort on everyone’s part. Bullying also should be discussed during parent-teacher conferences and PTA meetings. Parental awareness is the key.
In the classroom setting, all teachers should work with the students on bullying. Oftentimes even the teacher is being bullied in the classroom and a program should be set up to teach about bullying. Children understand modeling behaviors and role-play and acting out bullying situations is a very effective tool. Have students role-play a bullying situation.
1. In the author’s opinion, bullies usually _____________.| A．have extremely high self-esteem |
| B．know little of the harm of violence |
| C．look forward to parental involvement |
| D．experience or witness violence at home |
| A．understand | B．change |
| C．remove | D．approach |
| A．make a punishment program effective |
| B．let parents know their children are bullies |
| C．find the key to improving security at school |
| D．make parents conscious of bullying at school |
| A．How to stop bullying in school. | B．What leads to violence in schools. |
| C．What parents can do to stop bullying. | D．How to comfort those who are bullied. |
【推荐3】If you cannot afford to travel in any class above economy, flying generally sucks, either a little or a lot, depending on your tolerance level. But it especially sucks if you are too wide for the airline’s design.
Just getting to your seat can be a challenge, as your hips(臀部,髋) bounce from seat to seat on each side of the aisle(过道). If someone is standing up to put things in the overhead locker, there is a decision to be made about whether it’s worth trying to squeeze past. Everything is just slightly too small: the seats, the overhead lockers, even the bathrooms – and those, it seems, are getting even smaller.
The Washington Post recently reported that, on some newer planes flown by American, Delta and United airlines, the bathrooms in economy class are just 61cm wide: about 25cm narrower than the average portable toilet, and roughly the width of the average dishwasher. Your face might be the only thing you can poke in there comfortably – which makes it a poor design, considering what a passenger is likely to need the bathroom for.
According to the manufacturer, these “Advanced Spacewell” bathrooms make space for six additional passengers, which is great for the airlines’ financial bottom line. But what about the other bottom line? Concerning, well, bottoms that can’t fit into their planes’ bathrooms?
As bodies get bigger and aeroplane spaces get smaller, the wide among us have come up with solutions. Armrests that turn us into sausages(香肠) can be pulled up, or slowly encased(围住,包起) into the soft flesh of our sides until we go numb(麻木). We can ask the flight attendant to get us a seat-belt extender, if security has confiscated the one we brought with us, as can sometimes happen. But squeezing into a tiny toilet and closing the door behind us? Not workable.
Unlike the impossible task of squeezing down the aisle to your seat, or the side-to-side dance necessary to get big hips past the armrests, fitting into a space just 61cm wide is not just a challenge – it is almost impossible. It is not like missing out on an option for the in-flight meal – a bathroom is as essential as a safety-compliant seat belt, or the air that is pumped in to the cabin(飞机舱). If airlines are not willing to make space for us, bigger passengers may have no option but to reconsider booking a flight at all.
1. What is the advantage of the new toilets?| A．More passengers can use them. | B．The airlines can increase their profits. |
| C．They are more comfortable. | D．They are practical and convenient. |
| A．provided | B．questioned | C．checked | D．taken |
| A．Fat people can deal with many problems they face on planes. |
| B．Flight attendants are likely to be helpful when asked for assistance. |
| C．Flying is pleasant for overweight people at present. |
| D．People’s bodies are getting bigger year by year. |
| A．will have to find more creative solutions in the future |
| B．should grasp the chance to lose weight before flying |
| C．should miss out on the option for the in-flight meal |
| D．might be unable to travel by air in the future |
【推荐1】Chinese delivery driver, Gao Zhixiao, was featured on the cover of Time magazine in March because of his sense of commitment. Alongside five others, he was picked by the magazine as one of heroes during the novel coronavirus outbreak.
Ever since COVID-19 broke out, many restaurants have shut down or switched to takeout-only services. Millions of people have been staying at home to avoid getting infected. “People choose to order food online or buy fruit and vegetables to cook at home,” Gao told Time. As a result, delivery orders dramatically increased, placing a huge burden on delivery companies.
Born into a poor family in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Gao started to make a living in Beijing at age 16.After the novel coronavirus broke out, Gao hesitated for a second to continue working, but then picked up orders because he thought customers might be in need.
Due to the danger of person-to-person transmission, Gao must take care to avoid spreading viruses on his route around Beijing, including taking a regular health test and spending 20 minutes disinfecting his motorcycle and clothes each morning. Besides delivering goods, Gao once willingly cooked for an elderly customer who was living alone at her home.
It is the commitment of ordinary people like Gao that has made the biggest contributions in the fight against COVID-19.
1. What can we know from Paragraph 1?| A．Gao was chosen on the cover of Time magazine due to his selfless commitment. |
| B．Gao was the only one to deliver food during the novel coronavirus outbreak. |
| C．Gao manages a delivery company. |
| D．Gao comes from a rich family. |
| A．People were too lazy to go out for meals. |
| B．There was a discount if people chose delivery orders. |
| C．People were asked to order food online by the government. |
| D．People were afraid of being infected with the novel coronavirus by going out. |
| A．Hard-working and honest. | B．Brave and humorous. |
| C．Selfless and warm-hearted. | D．Positive and selfless. |
| A．The Horrible Pandemic | B．A Delivery Hero |
| C．A Brave Heart Beats Anything | D．Never Say Never |
【推荐2】A long time ago, there was an emperor who told his horseman that if he could ride on his horse and cover as much land area as he liked, then the emperor would give him the area of land he would have covered.
Sure enough, the horseman quickly jumped onto his horse and rode as fast as possible to cover as much land area as he could. He kept on riding and riding, whipping (抽打) the horse to go as fast as possible. When he was hungry or tired, he did not stop because he wanted to cover as much as possible.
Finally, the horseman was exhausted and dying. He asked himself, “Why did I push myself so hard to cover so much land area? Now I am dying and I need only a very small area to bury myself.”
The story above is similar with the journey of our life. We push very hard every day to make more money, to get power. We don’t pay attention to our health, time with our family and to appreciate the surrounding beauties and the hobbies we love. One day when we look back, we will realize that we don’t really need that much.
Life is not only about making money, getting power. Life is definitely not only about work! Work is only necessary to keep us living so as to enjoy the beauties and pleasures of life. Life is a balance of work and play. Happiness is also the meaning and the purpose of life. So, take it easy! Do what you want to do and appreciate nature. Life is fragile (脆弱的) and short.
1. What’s the function of the story told at the beginning of the passage?| A．To take pity on the horseman. | B．To introduce the main topic. |
| C．To amuse the readers. | D．To attract readers’ attention. |
| A．Because he wasn’t hungry or thirsty. |
| B．Because there were no restaurants. |
| C．Because he wanted to cover as much land area as he can. |
| D．Because the emperor didn’t allow him to stop. |
| A．Because we need money. | B．Because work is important. |
| C．Because all the people lose power. | D．Because life is delicate and short. |
| A．We should just enjoy life. |
| B．Money is unnecessary for us. |
| C．We should not only work hard but also enjoy the life. |
| D．We should work hard to make much money and get much power. |
【推荐3】Two weeks before the Spring Festival, I lost my job.
As a single parent, my paycheck was survival. I did everything I could to give my daughter Kristil a good life, but there were some things my love couldn’t fix. The next day as we did Spring Festival shopping, I struggled to be cheerful as I eyed the prices.
Monday morning, I set off on my moneymaking pursuits. First, I headed to the pawnshop (当铺) to sell a ring that my mother had given me a decade earlier. Next was the antiques store. I sold six Precious Moments statues for $150.
On day back home, I felt as if the world was closing in on me. Then the doorbell rang. It was my old professor, Esther Heffernan. “I tried to call but couldn’t get through. Then I called your job and they said you weren’t working there anymore, so I thought I would come by, ” She said. “I have gifts for you and Kristil.” Then she kissed me on the cheek. I walked her to her car and waved as she left.
I hadn’t seen her since we’d met for lunch two months ago. I’d first met Esther 10 years earlier, when I was her student at College. Kristil was 3 at the time, and I sometimes took her to class. Esther was always understanding and would bring coloring books to occupy Kristil.
When I opened her card, I gasped in shock. Hundred-dollar bills inside. Tears of gratitude welled up in my eyes. Esther had given me $1,000.
It has been 14 years since that day, but I’ve never forgotten what Esther did for us. In 2020, at age 91, Esther died, but the love she gave during her life lives on in the hearts of many. I am lucky to be one of them.
1. What did the author do to make money?| A．She did several part-time jobs. |
| B．She asked Professor Esther for help. |
| C．She sold some of her valuable stuff. |
| D．She borrowed money from her classmates. |
| A．Defensive. |
| B．Tolerant. |
| C．Grateful. |
| D．Uncaring. |
| A．She got financial support from her family. |
| B．She got some heIp from Esther at college. |
| C．She got divorced and became a single parent. |
| D．She was an excellent student in Esther’s class. |
| A．Never Lose Jobs Before the New Year: |
| B．Get in Touch with Your Old Friends. |
| C．Lend a Hand to Unemployed People. |
| D．Kindness Came to a Single Parent. |
