Dogs bark at each other for a variety of reasons, according to Trevor Smith, a dog trainer. “But mainly,” he says, “dogs use barking as their primary communication tool to express their needs.” It may be especially difficult when they bark at their fellow four-legged friends-which begs the question:
They Are Feeling Anxious
Your dog may be anxious by nature, and being around other dogs may heighten his sensitivity. And he may respond with his primary communication tool: barking.
A dog may bark at other dogs to try to engage in play. He’s essentially calling the other dog, trying to get it to join in the fun. If you’re at the dog park and know your dog generally plays well with others, now is the time to set him free so he can engage in some positive playtime.
They Are Being Angry
A dog that barks at other dogs may or may not ever get to the point where he can play with other dogs.
If your dog’s facial expression, tail position and barking show he’s feeling playful, the solution to stopping him from barking may be to let him play or socialize with other pups in an environment where he feels safe.
| A．They Are Being Playful. |
| B．They Are Feeling Optimistic. |
| C．how can we satisfy their demands? |
| D．why exactly do dogs bark at other dogs? |
| E．For some pups, that action is based on fear. |
| F．Dealing with a dog barking persistently can be frustrating. |
| G．In contrast, Smith says that if your dog barks out of extreme fear, take them away. |
相似题推荐
For their study, biologist Corson Miller and his team exposés eleven selected dogs to digital images of women that were either angry or happy．Half the dogs were rewired for touching the screen when shove a happy face, while the other half gilt their treat for selecting those that appeared angry．
Interestingly, the dogs were not provided with the entire face．Some dogs were show Ti only upper halves while the others observed lower halves．That's because the scientists believe humans show their eruptions on their equities face．
After some training on how to recognize small differences like the wrinkles between the eyes or the changes in their shape that accompany the happy or angry expressions, the dogs were mostly able to identify the correct expression not only on a familiar face but on a strange face, the researchers concluded the dogs were smart-enough to read human emotions．
They also found those being trained to read angry expressions took a longer time to learn．They guess it may be because dogs find angry faces disgusting, causing them to withdraw quickly．However, once the smart dogs realized they were getting rewired, the trepidation seem end to disappear．In fact, the dogs had such a good time playing the computer "game" That scientists had a hard time keeping them away from the touch screens after the study was completed．
The researchers also noticed only dogs with a male owner had a harder time understanding the expressions correctly．Since the touches careen models were all females, this confirmed what has been observed in previous studies-dogs are more efficient at reading facial expressions of people that are the serene gender as their owner．
1. How did the scientists conduct the experiment?
| A．By leaving dogs to women who are either happy or angry． |
| B．By mixing the selected dogs together． |
| C．By rewarding only half of the dogs touching the screen． |
| D．By showing digital pictures of women's happy or angry faces． |
| A．The dogs were not all provided with the entire face, |
| B．According to their size, the dogs were given either upper or lower halves． |
| C．The dogs could read even small changes that accountancy facial expressions after some training． |
| D．The dogs couldn't read strangers facial emotions． |
| A．horror | B．curiosity |
| C．excitement | D．doubt |
| A．They could only tell commotions on partial faces rather than on entire face's． |
| B．They found it hard to tell the moods on the faces of a different gender． |
| C．They found it easy to tell the emotions on the entire -face． |
| D．They would be scared away at the sight of the pictures． |
【推荐2】One spring morning many years ago, I had been prospecting for gold along Coho Creek in southeastern Alaska. Suddenly, no more than 20 paces away was a huge Alaskan timber wolf-caught in a trap.
From her appearance, I guessed she had been trapped for several days. She needed my help, I thought. But if I tried to release her, she would turn aggressive to me. The wolf was clearly suffering. The trap's steel jaws had imprisoned two toes. They were swollen and lacerated, but she wouldn't lose the paw (爪子) — if freed. Yet each time I moved closer, she would make a frightening growl. If I could only win her confidence, I thought. It was her only hope.
Over the next few days, I divided my time between prospecting and trying to win the wolf's trust. I talked gently with her, throwing her some meat. Gradually, I kept edging closer — though I was careful to remain beyond the length of her trap chain.
At dusk on the fifth day, I delivered her dinner. Suddenly, I saw a slight wagging of her tail. I moved within the length of her chain. She remained sill. As a towering man, my heart was in my mouth, though. Within her reach, I wrapped my blanket around myself and slowly settled onto the cold ground. It was long before I fell asleep.
The next morning, I slowly placed my hand on the wolf's injured leg. Unexpectedly; she made no threatening move. Then I applied pressure, the trap sprang open, and the wolf pulled free.
My experience told me the wolf would vanish into the woods quickly. But cautiously, she crept toward me and sniffed my hands and arms. This went against everything I'd ever heard about timber wolves. Yet, strangely, it all seemed so natural.
1. What happened to the timber wolf?| A．She was stuck in a trap. | B．Her food ran out. |
| C．Her legs were swollen. | D．She was caught in the author's trap. |
| A．Some food. | B．The author's care. |
| C．Her trust in the author. | D．Winning the author's confidence. |
| A．He was too close to the wolf. | B．The ground was too cold. |
| C．The wolf remained still. | D．The wolf wagged her tail. |
| A．It was frightening and surprising. | B．It was unexpected but natural. |
| C．It was humorous and natural. | D．It was terrifying but encouraging. |
【推荐3】When I was six, Dad brought home a dog one day, who was called “Brownie”．My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her. One of us would walk her, another would feed her, and then there were baths, playing catch and many other games. Brownie, in return, loved each and every one of us. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them. We always felt better when she was around.
One day, as I was getting her food, she chewed up (咬破) one of Dad's shoes, which had to be thrown away in the end. I knew Dad would be mad and I had to let her know what she did was wrong. When I looked at her and said, “Bad girl,” she looked down at the ground and then went and hid. I saw a tear in her eyes.
Brownie turned out to be more than just our family pet. She went everywhere with us. People would stop and ask if they could pet her. Of course she'd let anyone pet her. She was just the most lovable dog. There were many times when we'd be out walking and a small child would come over and pull on her hair. She never barked or tried to get away. Funny thing is she would smile. This frightened people because they thought she was showing her teeth. Far from the truth, she loved everyone.
Now many years have passed since Brownie died of old age. I still miss the days when she was with us.
1. What would Brownie do when someone was ill in the family?| A．Look at them sadly. | B．Keep them company. |
| C．Play games with them. | D．Touch them gently. |
| A．She was too hungry. | B．She chewed up one of the shoes. |
| C．The author criticized her. | D．The author didn’t prepare food for her. |
| A．Shouted. | B．Smiled. | C．Cried. | D．Jumped. |
| A．Shy. | B．Polite. | C．Brave. | D．Caring. |
【推荐1】A “virtual (虚拟的) cocktail” glass that lets you change the flavor (味道) of your drink using your Smartphone has been developed by scientists.
Offering a customizable (定制的) range of drinks and tastes, the Vocktail can change a glass of water into a cocktail at the press of a button. The world’s first technology tricks your brain into thinking it is experiencing a specific flavor by fooling your senses of sight, smell and taste.
Developed by researchers at the National University of Singapore, the glass’ three sensory components are controlled via a Smartphone App. Because the software can combine a number of smells, colors and tastes, the Vocktail can create almost any flavor.
Developer Nimesha Ranasinghe said: “Our approach is to increase drinks flavor experience by overlaying outer sensory stimuli (刺激物). For example, in the Vocktail we overlay color, taste and smell sensations to create an adjustable flavor experience. Flavor is mainly how we feel food and that is achieved through the use of these senses. Therefore, by changing the color of the drink, using different smells and changing the taste through electricity, we are able to copy the flavor of a drink without it actually changing the liquid.”
The glass houses three fragrance containers connected to micro-air pumps. The pumps release smell that change your feeling of the drinks, flavor. For example, a lemon fragrance will trick your brain into believing it is tasting lemon-flavored drink.
On the outside edge of the glass are two electrode strips (电焊条) that send electric pulses into your tongue to stimulate your sense of taste and flavor differs with different pulses.
1. How does the Vocktail work?| A．By transforming the inner liquid. |
| B．By stimulating the tip of one’s tongue. |
| C．By putting different kinds of drinks together. |
| D．By tricking one’s brain into flavor experience. |
| A．The flavor. | B．The software. |
| C．The Vocktail. | D．The button. |
| A．Smartphone Create a Kind of Liquid. |
| B．Vocktail Make Water Taste Like Cocktail. |
| C．Approaches Found to Change Water into Wine. |
| D．Smartphone Produces Smells, Colors and Tastes. |
【推荐2】Nobody likes waking up in the morning to the sound of regular alarm clocks or smartphones, but the smell of just baked bread and freshly roasted coffee? Now you’re talking.
The Sensorwake takes a vastly different approach to getting your attention when it’s time to wake up. Instead of using sound to wake you up, the clock uses smell, thanks to the “timed release of an aroma of your choice”.
The invention of 19-year-old Guillaume Rolland, an engineering student from France, the Sensorwake was successfully supported last year to the amount of US$200,000, and Rolland is now taking pre-orders for retail units.
But do smells work as well as a regular audio alarm in terms of waking you up? While we might hate the sound of conventional alarms, they seem to be not effective for most regular sleepers. Rolland claims that the Sensorwake is just as good as audio alarms, with internal testing showing his scent-based alarm wakes 99 percent of people in 2 minutes.
Previous research on the rousing abilities of smells hasn’t been so positive. A 1997 study by fire and rescue workers in Irondale, Alabama was designed to test whether adults woke up in the presence of smoke, water and citrus smells. Of 10 sleeping participants, only two woke up when exposed to the aromas. A subsequent study at Brown University in 2004 also found that scents were not particularly effective at waking sleepers.
The Sensorwake comes with an insurance policy for any sleepers who aren’t awakened by its primary feature. For extra-heavy sleepers who don’t register the smell, there’s a backup audio alarm that’s caused to go off if the aroma hasn’t woken you up within 3 minutes.
We can’t wait to see the reviews when the finished product is released and find out if the Sensorwake smells as good as it sounds.
1. Who invented the Sensorwake last year?| A．A scientist. | B．A student. |
| C．An engineer. | D．A radio operator. |
| A．can replace a regular audio alarm |
| B．is not as good as he had intended |
| C．is very effective in waking up sleepers |
| D．has been well received at home and abroad |
| A．two experiments were carried out before |
| B．previous researches weren’t particularly effective |
| C．where the researches were once experimented |
| D．the researchers have long been carried out |
【推荐3】The “diet” in diet drinks may be a false promise for some soda lovers. A study published recently in JAMA Network Open adds to the evidence that drinks made with sucralose (蔗糖素) may stimulate the appetite, at least among some people.
“We found that females and people with obesity (肥胖)had greater brain reward activity” after consuming the artificial sweetener, says study author Katie Page, “What was most surprising was the impact of body weight and biological sex. They were very important factors in the way that the brain responded to the artificial sweetener.”
Both groups also had a reduction in the hormone that inhibits (抑制) appetite, and they ate more food after they consumed drinks with sucralose, compared with after regular sugar-sweetened drinks. In contrast, the study found males and people of healthy weight did not have an increase. in either brain reward activity or hunger response, suggesting they’re not affected in the same way.
Page and her team measured the response to diet soda in three ways. They used brain images of the 74 study participants to record the activities of parts of the brain linked to appetite. They used blood samples to measure blood sugar and hormones that can drive hunger. And they also tracked how much participants ate at a buffet table at the end of each study session.
“These results are consistent with patterns that we’ve actually seen in my lab in animal studies,” says Susan Swithers, a behavioral scientist at Purdue University.
“You are supposed to get sugar after something tastes sweet. Your body has been accustomed to that,” explains Swithers. But diet soda may lead to a disconnect. The sugar never arrives, and “that could decrease the body’s efficiency in metabolizing (新陈代谢)sugar the next time.”
1. What did Page find might affect the brain’s response to diet soda?| A．The artificial sweetener. | B．The reduction in hormones. |
| C．The drinker’s sex and weight. | D．The amount of sweet drinks. |
| A．The methods of the study. | B．The impacts of diet soda. |
| C．The causes of overeating. | D．The responses of participants. |
| A．Unclear. | B．Approving. | C．Doubtful. | D．Unsatisfied. |
| A．A story collection. | B．A travel journal. |
| C．A consumer guide. | D．A health magazine. |
