When you hear “I have a dream…”, one of the most famous speeches in human history you’ll never have the idea how the audience on the scene were fueled by emotional intelligence. When Martin Luther King. Jr. presented his dream, he chose language that would stir the hearts of his audience. Delivering this electrifying (震撼性的) message required emotional intelligence — the ability to recognize, understand, and manage emotions.
Emotional intelligence has been highly recommended by leaders, policymakers, and educators as the solution to a wide range of social problems. Emotional intelligence is important, but the uncontrolled enthusiasm has obscured (掩盖) a dark side. New evidence shows that when people sharpen their emotional skills, they become better at controlling others. When you’re good at controlling your own emotions, you can hide your true feelings. When you know what others are feeling, you can motivate them to act against their own best interests.
Social scientists have begun to document this dark side of emotional intelligence. In a research led by University of Toronto professor Jochen Menges, when a leader gave an inspiring speech filled with emotion, the audience was less likely to scrutinize (细察) the message and remembered the content. Ironically (讽刺的是), audience members were so moved by the speech that they claimed to recall more of it.
The authors call this the awestruck effect,but it might just as easily be described as the dumbstruck effect. One observer reflected that Hitler’s persuasive impact came from his ability to strategically express emotions — he would “tear open his heart” — and these emotions affected his followers to the point that they would “stop thinking critically and just emote.”
Leaders who master emotions can rob us of our abilities to reason. If their values are out of step with our own, the results can be destructive. New evidence suggests that when people have self-serving motives, emotional intelligence becomes a weapon for controlling others.
Throwing light on this dark side of emotional intelligence is one mission of a research team led by University College London professor Martin Kilduff. According to these experts, emotional intelligence helps people disguise (伪装) one set of emotions while expressing another for personal gain. Professor Kilduff’s team writes, “The strategic disguise of one’s own emotions and the controlling of others’ emotions for strategic ends are behaviors evident not only on Shakespeare’s stage but also in the offices and corridors where power and influence are traded.”
Of course, people aren’t always using emotional intelligence for nefarious ends. More often than not high EQ is helpful in most aspects of our life. Emotional intelligence — like any skill — can be used for good or evil. So whether it is a gift or a curse lies in your hand.
1. Why does the author mention Martin Luther King, Jr?| A．To honor the great leader for his courage. |
| B．To recommend his speech to other leaders. |
| C．To introduce the major topic to readers. |
| D．To advocate a society with fewer problems. |
| A．His followers would tear open their hearts to him. |
| B．His followers would express emotions strategically. |
| C．His followers would lose the ability to reason properly. |
| D．His followers would develop the self-serving motives. |
| A．They disguise their true emotions and show another one. |
| B．They help their colleagues to buildup confidence. |
| C．They present their strategic behaviors on the stage. |
| D．They lower their own dignity to gain popularity. |
| A．Immoral. | B．Unimportant. | C．Illegal. | D．Uncontrollable. |
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【推荐1】If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago, we should probably have to say that we could not remember. But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day, we should be able to give an answer to the question.
It is the same in history. Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them. Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country, but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war. Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to write. For example, we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4,000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them. But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa. because they had not learned to write.
Sometimes, of course, even if the people cannot write, they may know something of the past. They have heard about it from older people, and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings, and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations, for most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past. This we may call “remembered history”. Some of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing. But where there are no written records, such spoken stories are often very helpful.
1. Which of the following ideas is not suggested in the passage?| A．Where there are no written records, there is no history. |
| B．Written records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history. |
| C．A written account of our daily activities helps us to be able to answer many questions. |
| D．“Remembered history”, compared with written history, is less reliable. |
| A．there was nothing worth being written down at that time. |
| B．the people there ignored the importance of keeping a record. |
| C．the people there did not know how to write. |
| D．the written records were perhaps destroyed by a fire. |
| A．history based on a person’s imagination. |
| B．stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth. |
| C．songs and dances about the most important events. |
| D．both B and C. |
| A．not burnt their written records in wars. | B．kept a written record of every past event. |
| C．told exact stories of the most important happenings. | D．made more songs and dances. |
It’s a well-known fact that stress can weaken the immune system. In this study, the researchers sought to determine whether hugs----like social support more broadly ----could protect individuals from the increased sensitivity to illness brought on by the particular stress that come with interpersonal conflict.
“We know that people experiencing ongoing conflicts with others are less able to fight off cold viruses. We also know that people who report having social support are partly protected from the effects of stress on psychological states, such as depression and anxiety, “the study’s lead author, psychologist Dr. Sheldon Cohen , said in a statement. “We tested whether awareness of social support is equally effective in protecting us from sensitivity to infection caused by stress and also whether receiving hugs might partially account for those feeling of support and thus protect a person against infection.”
In the experiment , over 400 healthy adults filled out a questionnaire about their perceived (感知) social support and also participated in a nightly phone interview for two weeks . They were asked the frequency they engaged in interpersonal conflicts and received bugs that day.Z+X+X+K]
Then, the researchers exposed the participants to a common cold virus, and monitored them to assess signs of infection. They found that both perceived social support and more frequent hugs reduced the risk of infection associated with experiencing interpersonal conflict. Regardless of whether or not they experienced social conflicts, infected participants with greater perceived social support and more frequent hugs had less severe illness symptoms.
“This suggests that being hugged by a trusted person may act as an effective means of conveying support and that increasing the frequency of hugs might be an effective means of reducing the effects of stress,” Cohen said. “The apparent protective effect of hugs may result from the physical contact itself or hugging being a behavioral indicator of support and closeness. Either way, those who receive more hugs are somewhat more protected from infection.”
If you need any more reason to go wrap your arms around someone special, consider this: hugs also lower blood pressure, reduce fearsome around death and dying, improve heart health and decrease feeling of loneliness.
1. In Paragraph 1, the underlined words “ward off “can be replaced by ____.
| A．produce | B．increase |
| C．prevent | D．support |
| A．hugs can hide serious illness symptoms |
| B．social conflicts can monitor signs of infection |
| C．social support can reduce the risk of having a cold |
| D．depression and anxiety result from less social support |
| A．hugs can have protective effects |
| B．social support can sure diseases |
| C．interpersonal conflicts cause infections |
| D．stress can weaken our immune system |
| A．a social science magazine |
| B．a commercial brochure |
| C．a medical report |
| D．an academic essay |
【推荐3】Not everyone is excited about birthdays. There are many people out there who never feel excited about it.
This may be common in those who are in their 50’s, 60’s, or 70’s... For some people in this age, life becomes a journey that is going on and on and on at a faster pace. They feel like losing control of their time and every passing year doubles the fear of dying soon. This is not good as it is negative.
Some people do not like to come to the notice of others due to any possible reason on this earth. You may feel amazed about this nature. But they like to remain as part of the crowd.
Here comes another part of the population that thinks it is a waste of money.
Instead of aiming for a perfect day, set realistic expectations for your birthday.
| A．They don’t like it either. |
| B．But they can’t help doing so. |
| C．Birthdays are contrary to this feeling. |
| D．What makes them act so indifferent after all? |
| E．Everyone wants to know the plans of the birthday. |
| F．They do not spend on those who do not help earn money. |
| G．Nothing in their routine changes in the name of celebration. |
【推荐1】Jose Alberto Gutierrez’s life would never be the same again after finding a copy of Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy in the trash 20 years ago. It happened while he was driving his garbage truck through wealthier neighbourhoods at night and seeing books that were thrown away. It lit his desire to start rescuing books from the trash. He used to take home between 50 and 60 books every morning after his nine-hour shift that ran from 9 p.m. to 6 a.m.. Eventually, he turned his book collection into a community library for children from low income families.
Colombia’s capital city of Bogota has 13 million residents and 19 public libraries. However, these libraries tend to be far away from where rural and poorer communities live. The option of buying new books is non-existent for families struggling to make ends meet. Gutierrez’s library is true representation of how one man’s trash can be another’s treasure. Having access to a library of books and being taken away instantly to another world while absorbed in a book is a luxury for the kids. “I think we are simply a bridge between people who have books and those who don’t have anything,” he said humbly about his remarkable attempt.
Gutierrez grew up poor, and his family could not afford to educate him beyond primary school. Nevertheless, his mother was an eager reader and read stories to him every night. Her love for books left a deep impression on Gutierrez, who never let a lack of formal education stop him from reading classics. He once said, “There’s nothing more beautiful than having a book in your pocket, in your bag or inside your car.”
Today, his library, titled “The Strength of Words”, occupies most of his home, and is piled from floor to ceiling with fiction and non-fiction titles. He has also roped in his family to expand this mission. Mrs Gutierrez, for example, selects and repairs the books her husband finds.
As word began to spread about his amazing project, fifty-six-year-old Gutierrez earned himself the nickname “Lord of the Books”. In spite of all this, Gutierrez is not yet content to call it a day. He continues to search bins for reading material.
1. What is Gutierrez by occupation?| A．A public librarian. | B．A professional driver. |
| C．A trash collector. | D．a shift worker in a plant. |
| A．Enjoying pleasure from reading. |
| B．Having their own real library. |
| C．The distance from public libraries. |
| D．The choices of buying new books. |
| A．An assignment to rescue rejected books. |
| B．A passion for reading since childhood. |
| C．A pity on the underprivileged. |
| D．A desire to make a difference. |
| A．Lord of the Books. |
| B．From Trash to Treasure. |
| C．The Strength of Words. |
| D．A Bridge between people. |
【推荐2】The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach $30 billion by next year, and startups (初创公司) want in on the action. What they sometimes lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products. So Brookdale, the country’s largest owner of retirement communication, has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days, show off their products and hear what the residents have to say.
That’s what brought Dayle Rodriguez, 28, all the way from England to the dining room of Brookdale South Bay in Torrance, California. Rodriguez is the community and marketing manager for a company called Sentab. The startup’s product, Sentab TV, enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email, video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control.
“It’s nothing new, it’s nothing too complicated and it’s natural because lots of people have TV remotes.” says Rodriguez.
But none of that is the topic of conversation in the Brookdale dining room. Instead, Rodriguez solicits residents’ advice on what he should get on his cheeseburger and how he should spend the afternoon. Playing cards was on the agenda, as well as learning to play mahjong(麻将).
Rodriguez says it’s important that residents here don’t feel like he’s selling them something. “I’ve had more feedback in a passive approach.” he says. “Playing pool, playing cards, having dinner, having lunch, all work better than going through a survey of questions. When they get to know me and to trust me, knowing for sure I’m not selling them something—there’ll be more honest feedback from them.”
Rodriguez is just the seventh entrepreneur to move into one of Brookdale’s 1,100 senior living communities. Other new products in the program have included a kind of full-body blow dryer and specially designed clothing that allows people with disabilities to dress and undress themselves.
“First and foremost, the residents love it.” says Smith. “It also provides Brookdale the opportunity to learn about and experience new technologies quickly and inexpensively and to make sure that we understand what residents want and need.”
Mary Lou Busch, 93, agreed to try the Sentab system. She tells Rodriguez that it might be good for someone, but not for her.
“I have the computer and FaceTime, which I talk with my family on.” she explains. She also has an iPad and a smart phone. “So I do pretty much everything I need to do.”
Rodriguez takes it pretty well.
“I’m not going to lie to you, I would’ve liked a more positive response.” he says. But “if people don’t need it or want it, it’s up to us to change, adapt it or make it more useful.”
To be fair, if Rodriguez had wanted feedback from some more technophobic (害怕技术的) seniors, he might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community. This one is located in the heart of Southern California’s aerospace corridor. Many residents have backgrounds in engineering, business and academic circles.
But Rodriguez says he’s still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community: “People are more tech-skilled than we thought.”
And besides, where else would he learn to play mahjong?
1. What does the passage say about the startups?| A．They want to have a share of the seniors’ goods market. |
| B．They try to profit from promoting digital products to seniors. |
| C．They invite seniors to their companies to try their products. |
| D．They never lose time in upgrading products for seniors. |
| A．show senior residents how to use IT products |
| B．have an interview with potential customers |
| C．conduct a survey of retirement communities |
| D．collect residents’ feedback on their products |
| A．It is a digital TV which enjoys popularity among seniors. |
| B．It is a TV specially designed for seniors to view programs. |
| C．It is a communication system via TV instead of a computer. |
| D．It is a TV program catering to the interest of the elderly. |
| A．rejects | B．offers | C．voices | D．seeks |
| A．Knowing the likes and dislikes of customers. |
| B．Responding promptly to customer feedback. |
| C．Winning trust from potential customers. |
| D．Demonstrating their superiority on the spot. |
| A．Most of them enjoy a longer life than average people. |
| B．They are quite at ease with high-tech products. |
| C．Most of them are interested in using the Sentab. |
| D．They have much in common with seniors elsewhere. |
【推荐3】No one can say whether human-like robots will have a sweet dream, but they will almost certainly need periods of rest that offer benefits like what sleep provides to living brains, according to new research from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).
“We study spiking neural networks (尖峰神经网络), which are systems that learn much as living brains do,” said Yijing Watkins, a computer scientist from LANL. “We trained a neuromorphic (神经形态的) processor in a way how humans and other biological systems learn from their environment during childhood development.” Watkins and her research team found that the network simulations (模拟) became unstable after continuous periods of unattended learning. When they exposed the networks to states that are analogous to what living brains experience during sleep, stability was recovered. “It was as though we were giving the neural networks a good night’s rest,” said Watkins.
The discovery came about as the research team worked to develop neural networks that are as close as how humans and other biological systems learn to see. The group initially struggled with stabilizing simulated neural networks undergoing unattended dictionary training, which involves classifying objects without providing examples to compare them to. The researchers expose the networks to an artificial simulation of sleep as nearly a final effort to stabilize them. They experimented with various types of noise. The best results came when they used waves of so-called Gaussian noise. These waves can make sure that the neural networks keep stable.
The group’s next goal is to apply their algorithm (算法) to Intel’s Loihi, a product which uses spiking neural networks to work. They hope allowing Loihi to sleep from time to time will enable it to stably process information from a camera in real time. If it can confirm the need for sleep in artificial brains, we can probably expect the same to be true of human-like robots and other intelligent machines that may come about in the future.
1. What did Watkins and her research team find?| A．Neural networks are far from stable. |
| B．Artificial brains may need break as well. |
| C．Neural networks are very sensitive to noise. |
| D．Human-like robots need equal rest to humans. |
| A．Contrary. | B．Beneficial. | C．Similar. | D．Related. |
| A．To better update Loihi. | B．To enable Loihi to run faster. |
| C．To further confirm their discovery. | D．To make sure Loihi get enough sleep. |
| A．Mind & Brain. | B．Business & Industry. |
| C．Medicine & Care. | D．Computer & Science. |
