【推荐1】The way individuals collectively remember, forget, and recall events, people, places, etc, has been an important topic of research on collective memory.     1     He developed the concept of collective memory, arguing that individuals ’ memories are only understood within the context of a group through time and space.

    2     They include theoretical concepts, the study of historical sources, oral histories, case studies, interviews, and surveys. For example, one group of research carried out several interviews to investigate younger and older American adults for three wars, namely, the Civil War, World War II and the Iraq war. Although Americans of different ages recalled similar events, the interpretation of some events changed over the generations: both younger and older adults recalled the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, however, they differed in how they rated the bombings.

More recently, memory study scholars tend to stress the significance of the media in shaping collective memories: “Culture and individual memory are constantly produced through the technology of memory.” Under this perspective, research often involves content analysis of news and the use of surveys or interviews for analyzing the public memory. Alternatively, scholars have studied the role of journalists as collective memory agents by manually analyzing the stories journalists tell as professionals and the stories they tell about their profession.     3    

However, developments in digital technologies in recent years have significantly influenced how we track events both as individuals and as a collective, “The Internet doesn’t forget.” The Internet has had strong impacts on memory and the processes of remembering and forgetting.     4     Analyzing different Web documents, researchers have shown that more recent past events are remembered more vividly in the present.

A．There are a few relatively simple things a person can do to help improve their memory.

B．Meanwhile, it has converted collective memory into an observable phenomenon that can be tracked and measured online.

C．Recently developed information technologies, particularly the Internet, have affected how we create, store and recall information.

D．Maurice Habwahs is generally recognized as the father of collective memory research.

E．In all cases, most of the research methods applied to memory studies rely on long procedures.

F．Research on collective memory is often based on various aspects.

【推荐2】       Maybe you are aware that the latest job markets news isn’t promising: Unemployment is still more than 9 percent, and new job growth has fallen close to zero, which is bad for economy, of course. And it may be especially discouraging if you happen to be looking for a job or hoping to change careers right now. But it actually shouldn’t matter to you nearly as much as you think.

That’s because job growth numbers don’t matter to job hunters as much as job turnover data. After all, existing jobs open up every day due to promotions, resignations, terminations, and retirements. In both good times and bad, turnover creates more openings than economic growth does. Even in June of 2007, when the economy was still falling along, job growth was only 132,000, while turnover was 4.7 million!

And as it turns out, even today — with job growth near zero — over 4 million job hunters are being hired every month.

I don’t mean to imply that overall job growth doesn’t have an impact on one’s ability to land a job. It’s true that if total employment were higher, it would mean more jobs for all of us to choose from. And it’s true that there are currently more people applying for each available job opening, regardless of whether it’s a new one or not.

But what often distinguishes those who land jobs from those who don’t is their ability to stay motivated. They’re willing to do the hard work of identifying their valuable skills; be creative about where and how to look; learn how to present themselves to potential employers; and keep going, even after repeated rejections. The Bureau of Labor Statistics data showed that 2.7 million people who wanted and were available for work hadn’t looked for a job within the last four weeks and were no longer even classified as unemployed.

So don’t let the headlines fool you into giving up. Four million people get hired every month in the U.S. You can be one of them.

1. The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate _______.

A．causes many people to lose job opportunities

B．should not stop people from looking for a job

C．prevents many people from changing careers

D．does not mean the U.S. economy is worsening

2. Where do most job openings come from?

A．Job growth.	B．Business expansion.
C．Improved economy.	D．Job turnover.

3. What does the author say about overall job growth?

A．It increases people’s confidence in the economy.

B．It doesn’t have much effect on individual job seekers.

C．It gives a ray of hope to the unemployed.

D．It doesn’t mean greater job security for the employed.

4. What is the key to landing a job according to the author?

A．Never giving up.	B．Being intelligent.
C．Being educated.	D．Being experienced.

5. What do we learn from the passage about the unemployment figures in the US?

A．They clearly indicate how healthy the economy is.

B．They provide the public with the latest information.

C．They don’t include those who have stopped looking for a job.

D．They warn of the structural problems in the economy.

【推荐3】The reality TV wildlife edition has just come to a dramatic end. The world watched as the bears packed on pounds before they went into their den (兽穴) for the winter. Over the next few months, Fat Bear Week winner, 435 Holly, will go into hibernation (冬眠). Why do bears do this?

The mysteries around hibernating bears have attracted curious researchers for ages. What is hibernation, and what causes it? And probably most interestingly — could humans do this someday?

Dr. Kelly Drew, who studies hibernation, is one of the scientists consulting on a project funded by NASA, looking to put humans into hibernation for spaceflight. “For sending people to space, I think our first step is to perfect short-term hibernation-like periods in humans,” she says. “If we can figure this out, we can then try for longer periods.” We still have a long way to go before this science fiction dream becomes a reality, but several scientists around the country have been studying hibernation.

Cory Williams, at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, says, “A huge variety of mammals (哺乳动物) hibernate. However, hibernation in bears is different from that in small mammals…their body temperature only drops a few degrees and they don’t experience periodic rewarming.” In general, mammals with lower body temperatures during hibernation awaken every few days to raise their body temperature, or eat a bit. Bears do not emerge for any of these activities. Instead, they live off the fat they have collected during the summer and autumn months and even recycle their metabolic (新陈代谢的) waste.

At the moment, the study of hibernation has and continues to contribute greatly to applications in the human world. For example, bears are able to maintain their bone mass during hibernation, and understanding this could help advance the study of treating people with weak bones. Perhaps one day, it will be the key to sending humans far off into space too.

1. Why is 435 Holly mentioned in Paragraph 1?

A．To show the popularity of Fat Bear Week.	B．To introduce the topic of hibernation.
C．To call for the protection of bears.	D．To advertise reality TV.

2. How do bears hibernate?

A．They produce new body fat.

B．They lower their body temperature greatly.

C．They sleep through the whole winter.

D．They rewarm themselves regularly.

3. What’s the last paragraph mainly about?

A．The new findings about hibernation.	B．The significance of studying hibernation.
C．The ways bears maintain their bone mass.	D．The barriers to sending humans into space.

4. What’s the best title for the text?

A．What could bears and astronauts have in common?

B．What effects does hibernation have on bears?

C．Why do bears need to go into hibernation?

D．How do humans and bears get along?

【推荐3】A school in Buffalo, New York has filled a vending machine(自动售货机) with books to get young students more interested in reading.

Lock up a lot of books behind a wall of glass and with a special gold coin students at the school can pick out their favorite books. They get to take the books home for free. And the best part? It’s not a system based on behavior or attendance. The process is designed so that every student will get a chance to use the machine at some point.

The idea was first introduced by the assistant principal, Unseld Robinson, who was inspired by another school he visited doing similar. He thought it could be a funny way to get parents and students at his school to read. Now, after a year of fund-raising,the machine has been filled with over $1,000 worth of books—all of which will be continuously added through various donations(捐赠).

Robinson says that many children in Buffalo are not reading as much as they should. So the idea of the vending machine was “to encourage reading in and out of school as well as increase every child’s overall excitement about reading.”

1. How do the students of the school get the book from the machine?

A．By asking the head teacher.

B．By using some cash.

C．By using some special coin.

D．By exchanging the books with new ones.

2. Who can get a free book from the machine?

A．The student with the best behavior.

B．The student with the best attendance.

C．The student with real gold coins.

D．The student with good luck.

3. What do people think of the activity?

A．Boring.

B．Meaningful and useful.

C．Useless.

D．Doubtful.

4. Why did the assistant principal use this method?

A．The students here didn’t read enough books.

B．The school could get more donations.

C．The students here could earn extra money.

D．The school could improve the students’ score.