PRACTITIONERS
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
Who was the first African American with a medical degree?
| A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania. | B． Tan Yunxian. |
| C． James Barry. | D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Eighteen-year-old David Aguilar from Andorra was born without a right forearm due to a rare genetic condition but that has never stopped him from doing anything he wanted to do including typing on a computer with his partial arm.
Like most kids, David was a LEGO fan and he loved building cars, boats, planes, and motorbikes. But David also knew that he looked different and wanted to do something about it. “As a child I was very nervous to be in front of other guys, because I was different, but that didn’t stop me believing in my dreams,” David said. “I wanted to... see myself in the mirror like I see other guys, with two hands.”
......
David plans to create affordable prosthetics for people who need them, saying, “I would try to give them a prosthetic, even if it’s for free, to make them feel like a normal person.”
1. How did David feel when standing in front of other kids?| A．Anxious. | B．Natural. | C．Confident. | D．Frightened. |
| A．To be an expert in building LEGO. | B．To become rich by selling prosthetic arms. |
| C．To offer disabled people cheaper prosthetics. | D．To start a company hiring more disabled people. |
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1. How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone?| A．15 minutes. | B．30 minutes. |
| C．1.5 hours. | D．3 hours. |
| A．It is built in an iPhone. |
| B．It is the smallest of its kind. |
| C．It can also be used as a charger. |
| D．It keeps power for about 30 days. |
| A．P.S. | B．B.L. | C．M.C. | D．T.K. |
| A．quality | B．service | C．function | D．shopping |
Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants. A tree under attack by Hungry insets, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the Attack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away ——or even Chemicals that attract the bugs’ natural enemies.
Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical Sensor（传感器）called an electronic nose. The “e-nose” can tell compounds that crop plants make When they’re attacked Scientists say the e-nose could help quickly detect whether plants are being Eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual Plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses, enclosed gardens than can house Thousands of plants.
The research team worked with an e-nose than recognizes volatile compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds Based on these interactions, the e-nose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.
To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop, These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch（打孔器）. The e-nose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber, pepper and tomato plants based on The volatile compounds they produce, It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage ---- by insects or with a hole Punch ---- had been done to the tomato leaves.
With some fine-tuning, a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.
1. We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by____.
| A．making some sounds | B．waving their leaves |
| C．producing some chemicals | D．sending out electronic signals |
| A．They presented it with all common crops. |
| B．They fixed 13 sensors inside the device. |
| C．They collected different damaged leaves. |
| D．They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves. |
| A．pick out ripe fruits |
| B．spot the insects quickly |
| C．distinguish different damages to the leaves |
| D．recognize unhealthy tomato leaves |
| A．is unable to tell the smell of flowers |
| B．is not yet used in greenhouses |
| C．is designed by scientists at Purdue |
| D．is helpful in killing harmful insects |
【推荐1】For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript (手稿) consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.
The author’s intention remains as mysterious (神秘) as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn’t truly grasp any of the skills the author described. “You simply can’t get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it,” she says.
Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn’t just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen (工匠) who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug-resistant virus.
The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. What’s more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can’t appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared — something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map.
Smith has put the manuscript’s ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together. She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving.
Back when science — then called “the new philosophy” — took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering (修补), as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light.
If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.
Which would be the best title for this passage?| A．Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists |
| B．Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories |
| C．Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists |
| D．Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science |
MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIES
“Life is Precious. To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I’m cold, hungry, or tired?” These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her through a life of hard choices.
As a fiveyearold girl, Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected by her mother’s death. At age 18, instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls, she chose to study medicine. “Why should girls learn so much? Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees She responded, “I’d rather stay single to study all my life!”
Eight years later, Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) with the Wenhai Scholarship, the highest prize given to graduates. She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OBGYN department of the PUMC Hospital. Within six months, she was named a chief resident physician, a position that usually took four years to achieve. After working for a few years, she was sent to study in Europe and then, in 1939, in the US. She greatly impressed her American colleagues, who invited her to stay. Dr Lin, however, rejected the offer. She wanted to serve the women and children at home.
In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese women ever to be appointed director of the OBGYN department of the PUMC Hospital, but just a few months later, the department was closed because of the war. Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic. She charged very low fees to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients. At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. In 1954，she was elected to the first National People’s Congress and, over the next several decades, she held many important positions. Her heart, however, was elsewhere. She was more interested in tending patients, publishing medical research on care for women and children, and training the next generation of doctors. “The OBGYN department cares for two lives,” she told new staff in her department. “As doctors, we should be responsible for the patients and treat them as our sisters.”
Though Lin Qianzhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died, 22 April 1983. Since she had no children of her own she left her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors. And even as she lay dying, her final thoughts were for others. “I’m ready to go,” she said. “Don’t try to rescue me any more. Don’t waste the medicine any more.”
1. Look at the following pictures and answer the questions.(1)What are some important life choices for you?
(2)What do you know about Dr Lin Qiaozhi?
2. Look at the picture and the title on Page 16 and predict what the text is probably about?
Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions.
3. What did Lin Qiaozhi decide to do at 18?
4. Did her brother support her goal?
5. Why did Lin Qiaozhi refuse her American colleagues’ invitation?
6. How did Lin Qiaozhi help poor patients?
7. When did Lin Qiaozhi retire?
B.Careful reading
8. Fill in the form according to the passage.
Time | Events |
at five years old | Lin Qiaozhi was deeply |
at age 18 | She chose to study |
at age 26 | Lin |
after working for a few years | She |
in 1939 | Dr Lin |
in 1941 | Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever |
in 1954 | She was |
on 22 April 1983 | Dr Lin died. She |
9. What did Dr Lin Qiaozhi think is the most precious?
| A．Life. | B．Choice. |
| C．Marriage. | D．Medicine. |
| A．Her mother’s death. |
| B．Her goal to study medicine. |
| C．Her decision to be single. |
| D．Her marriage like most girls. |
| A．To make more money. |
| B．To do further research. |
| C．To help poor patients. |
| D．To stay with her family. |
| A．Lin married very late. |
| B．Lin adopted many babies. |
| C．Lin died while working. |
| D．Lin founded a kindergarten. |
(Ⅰ)Analyse the sentences
13. Eight years later, Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) with the Wenhai Scholarship, the highest prize given to graduates.
[分析] with the Wenhai Scholarship是介词短语作
[翻译]
14. She was more interested in tending patients, publishing medical research on care for women and children, and training the next generation of doctors.
[分析] tending，publishing 和training是三个并列的动名词作介词in的
[翻译]
15. 教材对接高考：续写微技能——人物描写
A.写出句中描写人物的词汇。
（1）These words of Dr Lin Oiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her through a life of hard choices.
（2）She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB－GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
（3）She was more interested in tending patients, publishing medical research on care for women and children, and training the next generation of doctors.
B.在课文中找出另外两个人物描写的句子。
（1）
（2）
【推荐3】The artists of Creative Growth will be on view throughout the month of August, coupled with musical performances and film screenings organized by L.A. Takedown. All proceeds from the month will benefit the artists and space. The money will be used to improve the condition of the studio and for the development of the artists. “L.A. doesn’t really have a place like Creative Growth,” Olson said, discussing his hopes for the show.
What does the underlined word “proceeds” in the last paragraph mean?
| A．Activities. | B．Work |
| C．Profits | D．Arrangement |
