How can a large city find water for 10 million people if it is in the desert? Fog-catching nets on hills around the city of Lima, the capital of Peru, could solve the city’s water shortages for good. A twenty-meter high net tower will soon be displayed in the city as a solution to the problem.
Peru’s capital city has just one inch of rain a year. The city sees high annual temperatures and water consumption rates. Located in a desert, the city’s temperatures are higher than world averages. However, a unique feature of Lima’s weather offers a way of meeting some of this demand. Located on the coast, Lima’s surrounding hills are constantly bathed in waves of fog coming off the Pacific Ocean, and the moisture (湿气) taken in by plants ensures they stay green year-round.
Inspired by fog nets placed by rural communities across the continent, Alberto Fernandez, a Chilean architect currently studying for a Ph.D. from University College London, has designed a series of towers and fog-catching nets. They can collect as much as 1,000 liters of water per day, amounting to 3.6 million liters per year, if enough are put into use. Their towering structure allows them to get into the clouds, collecting more vital water vapor (蒸气), and their unique shape means that no matter the direction of the wind, the moisture-rich fog will strike some part of the structure directly.
The water will largely be used for agriculture — as the water would require filtering (过滤) before consumption — helping free up resources for city residents. Cheaper than filtering water from the Rimac River, these towers and nets, which Fernandez says could be built up to 200 meters high, are part of a series of designs for the Lima 2035 project. It aims to change current desertification and create a new place for sustainable and human-centered food systems that promote healthy diets and improve incomes in the driest city on Earth.
1. What makes plants in Lima stay green year-round?A.The heavy rainfall. | B.The high temperature. |
C.The net tower. | D.The unique location. |
A.The direction of the wind. | B.The moisture-rich fog. |
C.The height of the tower. | D.The fog-catching net. |
A.Supply drinking water. | B.Turn desert into rich soil. |
C.Increase food production. | D.Develop healthy lifestyles. |
A.Fog-catching towers help solve water shortage |
B.The driest city on Earth faces a serious problem |
C.Fernandez designed the first fog-catching net |
D.Water plays a role in a sustainable food system |
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【推荐1】Last year, a report by a committee of education experts said that a lot of American students cannot write well. The report noted the concerns of business leaders and teachers. The experts said that more students should have to pass a writing test before they can finish high school. They pointed out that major college entrance tests are changing now to include a writing part.
Educators know that teaching students to write well is not easy. One problem is the amount of time needed to read through large amounts of work. So some companies have developed computer programs. These can grade students writing more quickly than a person can. Writing tests can also cost less to carry out by computer than paper-and-pencil. These computer systems are known as e-readers. They use artificial intelligence to think in a way like teachers. In the State of Indiana, computer grading of a statewide writing test began with a test of the system itself. For two years, both a computer and humans graded the student writing. Officials say there was almost no difference between the computer grades and those given by the human readers.
The entrance test commonly used by business schools, the GMAT, already uses e-readers. The GRE and TOEFL tests might start; officials are deciding. The GRE is the Graduate Record Examination. TOEFL is the Test of English as a Foreign Language.
Systems are also being used to grade writing in college classes. The computers read a few hundred examples of student writing already graded by humans. Then the systems compare new writing against those already examined.
How do teachers feel all about this? Many say machines can never do the job as well as people can. A computer can find spelling and grammar mistakes. But these teachers say it can never really understand what a writer is trying to say. Critics say a program cannot follow a thought or judge humor or understand a beautifully expressed idea.
But inventors of the programs say computer grading guarantees that each piece of writing is graded in the same way. They also say the systems are meant to judge knowledge more than creativity.
1. What do the teachers think of the computer system?A.They think highly of the computer systems since they are fast. |
B.They don’t think that computers can grade writing as well as people. |
C.They believe that computers can understand a writer’s idea well. |
D.They are glad computers will spare their effort to correct student’s school work. |
A.Saving much of teachers’ time. | B.Saving a lot of money. |
C.Being fair and objective. | D.Appreciating humor and beauty. |
A.Computer-graded Writing System | B.Human-graded Writing |
C.How to Improve Students’ Writing | D.Advantages of E-readers |
【推荐2】Morpho butterflies are some of the most beautiful butterflies in the world, thanks to their shining blue wings. Now, a new material inspired by butterfly wings was developed by researchers from Shenzhen University in China. This material, a type of colored film, can help keep the objects it is attached to cooler than the temperature around it.
The problem of color and the absorption of heat has troubled scientists for centuries. Any object that contains color will heat up faster. This somewhat complex issue has implications for a surprising number of real-world issues. In buildings, large amounts of energy are used for cooling and running the air conditioner in electric cars can greatly reduce the driving range.
In order to create a material that could avoid these issues, Dr. Wanlin Wang and his team looked to nature for inspiration, as is often the case in science research. Specifically, they looked at the Morpho butterfly. According to New Scientist, the wings of this brilliantly blue butterfly are made of nanoparticles (纳米级颗粒) arranged in a particular way that bend and bounce lightwaves to create color as opposed to absorbing them. This allows them to keep cool.
Wang and his team are not the first team to create materials that allow for passive cooling using the properties of light; however, they are the first to do so in color. All other materials have been white or clear, while the new film comes in bright blue, yellow and red.
In order to test their new material, Wang and his team placed sheets of film in various colors on cars, clothing, cell phones, and roofs, from 9am to 4pm, both in winter and summer. They discovered that the films were more than 59∘ F cooler in the winter and 95∘F cooler in the summer.
Their hope is that eventually this type of film will be used to cover electric cars, but intruth the possibilities are endless: stained glass windows that keep skyscrapers cool, self-cooling camping tents, cool-looking computers that don’t overheat, etc. All of these mayone day be a reality thanks to the beautiful morpho butterfly.
1. What is stressed in paragraph 2?A.The complexity of cooling down buildings. |
B.The necessity of creating new cooling materials. |
C.The principles of color and heat absorption. |
D.The applications of the recently developed film. |
A.Its unique shape. |
B.The property of light waves. |
C.Its brilliant color. |
D.The nanostructure of its wings. |
A.It pioneers passive cooling. | B.It is a colored cooling material. |
C.Its size varies with temperature. | D.Its creation is inspired by nature. |
A.Uncertain. |
B.Discouraging |
C.Promising. |
D.Risky. |
【推荐3】The next generation of artificial intelligence (AI) may be sitting right beneath you, at least if furniture maker Ikea has any say in the matter. The Swedish furniture company’s “future-living” research lab in Copenhagen is conducting a survey to understand what people want when it comes to smart furniture.
AI is now walking into more aspects of people’s daily lives. Self-driving cars are just around the corner, and AI robots can play and beat the best players of strategy games. As smart home technologies have become more ubiquitous, products ranging from smart electrical outlets (插座) to smart smoke alarms are flooding the market. Therefore, it’s not surprising that Ikea would be moving in the same direction.
Exactly why people would want their sofa or bed frame to speak to then, track their daily movements or offer help is not yet clear. Though Ikea’s the new survey doesn’t directly answer that question, it does provide a hint of what people would feel comfortable with. Most participants wanted a more human-like form of virtual (虚拟的) assistants, as opposed to one that is more robotic. In terms of the ideal gender (性别) of the assistants, the most popular choice was neither male nor female. Few wanted a religious form of AI.
Just as with human friends, most wanted AI friends that were like them, affirming their own worldview. They wanted an AI assistant that was reasonably intelligent-that could collect data to predict what a person wanted before he or she asked, and that could prevent someone from making mistakes.
This is not the first time that Ikea has set foot in the field or futuristic technologies. In addition to wireless charging tables and chainless bikes that never rust, the furniture giant has also pictured smart kitchens that can cook the best meal. To decide on how intelligent you want your next sofa or bookshelf to be, you can take Ikea’s survey online.
1. The survey carried out by Ikea aims to ________.A.know peoples need for smart furniture |
B.understand future lifestyle |
C.promote the company’s smart furniture |
D.answer people’s questions |
A.Beautiful. | B.Common. |
C.Normal. | D.Environmental. |
A.The differences between robot-like and human-like assistants. |
B.What form of AI assistants people want. |
C.What kind of friends people want. |
D.The popular robots on the market. |
A.help them become smarter |
B.communicate with them without troubles |
C.have its own worldview |
D.deal with their problems in advance |
A.Smart sofas that can speak to you. |
B.Smart beds that can track your daily movements. |
C.Wireless charging car. |
D.Rustless bikes without chains. |
【推荐1】A quick look at Instagram will show you thousands of girls sharing their clothing of the day. Many of these girls are sharing completely new clothes every day. And they’re feeling the pressure to never repeat clothes. This attitude of not being able to wear something again after sharing it on Instagram is far too common. It is a sad thing when some girls feel sorry for appearing in the same clothes more than once on Instagram.
Clothes businesses push new “must –haves” every week, which adds to the pressure to keep up. Clothes have been so cheap because of the competition between clothes businesses that it’s shockingly easy to buy new clothes every day. These clothes businesses have made it possible for a normal person to never be seen in the same clothes twice. Often the quality of these clothes is so low that they don’t even survive the wash so there is no chance of that second wear.
Consider everything that goes into making a single piece of clothing-for example: plenty of water, energy and petrochemicals, finishing and labor of each worker throughout making it. It’s shocking to think after all this, a piece of clothing might be worn once, maybe twice, and then thrown away so that they can follow fast fashion.
The fashion of throwing clothes away after use needs to change. Proudly post the same clothes you’ve worn before online. Get creative with mixing and matching, and borrow from friends for special times. The possibilities are endless so there’s no need to shop frequently.
1. What is a sad thing according to the first paragraph?A.Some girls like showing off on the Internet. |
B.Some girls spend too much time on social media. |
C.Some girls care too little about their appearances. |
D.Some girls feel ashamed to post the same clothes online again. |
A.Online shopping. | B.Parents’ pressure. |
C.Clothes businesses. | D.Laziness to wash clothes. |
A.To show fast fashion’s great effect. |
B.To tell us we should treasure clothes. |
C.To show the development of the clothes industry. |
D.To tell us we should have our own dressing styles. |
A.Offer reasons. | B.Give suggestions. |
C.Give encouragement. | D.Promote a fashion brand. |
【推荐2】Does work ever leave you feeling stuck in a boring way of life with limited opportunities to be creative? To thrive (成长), you might want to increase your brain’s flexibility. But is this even possible, and if so, how?
Most jobs require the ability to problem-solve and cope with challenges, at least to a certain extent. Imagine a teacher who has a new and very nervous student in their class. If that teacher is a flexible thinker, they will be able to adapt their classroom management, even if they haven’t seen this situation before. According to Leonard Mlodinow, author of Elastic, flexible thinkers rely on idea generation and imagination — they are willing to experiment and take risks. “Elastic (灵活的) thinking is what you need when the circumstances change, and you are dealing with something new. It’s not about following rules.” Therefore, instead of following the typical procedure for handing a new student, the teacher might come up with a tailored response, based on prediction and previous experience.
So, how can you become a more flexible thinker? According to Dr. Lisa Feldman Barrett, it’s all about exercising the brain. One way of doing this, she says, is through exposure to a variety of experiences which make it easier to adjust to new situations. A lot of companies now consider flexible thinking in the workplace, especially when it comes to design. Workspaces may have couches where workers can lie down and relax, giving them the space to come up with and process new ideas. Mlodinow says it’s very important to take time today dream, listen to ideas and concepts you disagree with and spend time doing activities outside of your comfort zone. This will help you understand multiple opinions and therefore blossom in many different aspects of your career.
In a word, if you want to make a change, you can become a flexible thinker too, with a little practice.
1. What may a flexible thinker be like?A.Fond of challenges. | B.Good at teaching students. |
C.Willing to follow rules. | D.Able to make quick responses. |
A.By learning to design. | B.By adjusting to new procedure. |
C.By doing more exercise. | D.By experiencing various situations. |
A.It helps you test your flexibility. | B.It helps you succeed in your work. |
C.It helps you handle disagreement. | D.It helps you identify good opinions. |
A.A Wonderful Journey to Flexibility | B.Changes Make Flexible Thinkers |
C.How to Get Out of Boring Life | D.Ways to Make a Positive Change |
【推荐3】When it comes to selecting a hiking companion, cats are usually far down on the list. Unless, of course, your name is JJ Yosh. JJ is an adventure filmmaker and social media influencer from Boulder, Colorado. He adopted a cat named Simon from his neighbor a year ago and they’ve been inseparable ever since !
When he adopted Simon, JJ had big plans. He immediately started training the cat to become his sidekick (伙伴) through countless adventures. Luckily, Simon proved to be a quick student who loves the great outdoors just as much as his owner!“ Simon’s favorite places are his backyard hiking spots in Boulder, Colorado,” JJ said.“ He loves exploring the nearby mountains where we have caves and rocks to climb.” While hiking, Simon chose between riding in a backpack and simply resting on JJ’s shoulder. When they camped overnight, they slept in a shared sleeping bag.
There’s nothing Simon wouldn’t do to stay close to his favorite human! Everywhere they go, JJ and Simon get plenty of attention from curious strangers.“ The reaction is usually amazement and surprise that I would be taking a cat into the back country, and that Simon would sit so gracefully on my shoulder like a parrot,” JJ said.
The cat’s owner hopes to encourage more people to train their pets to join them out in the world as well. “On top of getting outside, I want people to realize cats can be just as adventurous as dogs if given the proper training,” he said. This is one of the best romances we have ever seen! Simon and JJ are giving us serious goals. Somehow we think our lazy house cats are a bit too set in their ways to try this, but you never know !
1. What is Simon and his owner ’ s relationship like ?A.Distant. | B.Close. | C.Worrying. | D.Tense. |
A.Hike in the backyard. | B.Sit on JJ ’ s shoulder. |
C.Sleep in a sleeping bag. | D.Play in a backpack . |
A.He hikes in remote areas. | B.He looks like a parrot. |
C.His hiking partner is a cat. | D.He hikes with a parrot . |
A.Cats will replace dogs in hiking completely. |
B.Cats can become humans’ most faithful friends. |
C.Most people can realize the importance of cats in life. |
D.More people can involve their pets in their adventures. |
【推荐1】The process by which rich land becomes desert is called desertification(沙漠化).
Africa’s Great Green Wall is a project to build an 8000-kilometer-long forest across 11 of the continent’s countries. The project is meant to contain the growing Sahara Desert and fight climate change.
Launched in 2007, the project aims to plant a forest from Senegal on the Atlantic Ocean in western Africa to Eritrea, Ethiopia and Djibouti in the east.
The U. N. desertification agency says the project will need to plant an average of 8. 2 million hectares yearly to reach its goal of 100 million hectares by 2030.
A.It has severe impacts on the environment. |
B.That is only 4 percent of the program’s goal. |
C.However, it is difficult to carry out the project. |
D.But the project has been facing many problems. |
E.The project would create millions of green jobs in rural Africa. |
F.Despite many problems, those involved in the project remain hopeful. |
G.Some countries have struggled to keep up with the demands of the project. |
【推荐2】In 1985, Tommy Burrell inherited(继承) a piece of land in West Sussex, England, which is 3500 acres. It had been in his family for more than 200 years. As it was a failing farm, he and his wife Isabella Tree, were all set to run a traditional farm, but soon realized the costs far outweighed the profits. The land wasn't suitable for growing crops anymore.
So, in 2001, the couple decided to try something else--an experiment in “rewilding”, or restoring environments to their natural state. They reintroduced native species, including Tamworth pigs, Exmoor ponies, longhorn cattle, and deer. Then they took out all the fences and let the animals wander freely.
In the following years, the land went through an incredible change. The once neat fields were covered with bushes, creating habitats where new plant and animal species could grow.
Now it's home to many different creatures, including two rare species of bats, nightingales, peregrine falcons, white storks, and even turtle doves, whose numbers have dropped by 98 percent in the U. K. over the last few decades!
“We were living in a biological desert. Now, ecologists are blown away all the time by just the amount of life here," Isabella said. "It shows the potential that this kind of project has for changing trends of biodiversity decline.
What's more, the land is now profitable! Tommy and Isabella offer multiple services there, including walking tours, safaris, photography classes, and rewilding workshops. They also sell meat to control their large animal populations, and even allow visitors to spend a night outside in the tents they set up.
What a promising outcome! This is amazing news for conservationists and shows that our planet can be returned to its natural glory, if only we let it. Now, it's a beautiful reminder of how ecosystems can be restored by letting Mother Nature take the control.
1. What did the couple do with the land?A.They planted trees on it. | B.They raised animals on it. |
C.They restored it to its natural state. | D.They transformed it into a traditional farm. |
A.Amused. | B.Impressed. | C.Disappointed. | D.Confused. |
A.Selling tents to tourists. | B.Selling what they grow on the land. |
C.Killing animals and selling the meat. | D.Drawing rare animals and selling the pictures. |
A.They have creative ideas. | B.They succeeded through hard labor. |
C.They are too lazy to manage a farm. | D.They care more about money than the ecosystem. |
【推荐3】Oceans hold a lot of mystery, even for people who study them. But it's no mystery why they're in trouble. We've been using them to hide our waste -such as pouring oil, plastic, and poisonous chemicals into them for decades. We've over exploited (剥削) many fish stocks to levels so low that they can no longer be harvested.
Oceans are also a primary source of protein for millions of people worldwide. If we want to continue to enjoy what oceans provide, we need to do everything we can to protect them and the life they support. We should ensure the seafood we eat is sustainable.
Of course, not everyone is lucky enough to be able to catch their own fish, which means having sustainable options at the store is critical. As public and companies awareness about the risks caused by overfishing and uncontrolled sea farming expansion have grown, food tradesmen in Canada have developed sustainable seafood policies and commitments.
Seafood Progress, an online resource, is designed to help provide rewards to tradesmen and information to seafood lovers. It makes it easier for consumers in Canada to find out tradesmen's policies on sourcing sustainable seafood, whether they're sticking to those policies and how they're performing compared to their peers.
But tradesmen must do more to ensure their seafood products are environmentally sustainable and socially responsible. This means expanding the scope of their commitments to cover all seafood products they sell, in all their stores. It also requires continuing to work with suppliers and producers to improve practices and make sure the sustainable seafood supply meets consumer demand.
It's no mystery that if we want to continue to eat fish, we must do it responsibly. Seafood Progress has invited seafood tradesmen, suppliers and consumers to join in pushing to this goal.
1. What's the cause of oceans' being in trouble according to paragraph 1?A.The ever-changing of the global climate. |
B.The mystery that people haven't studied. |
C.The over exploitation and use of the oceans. |
D.The continuous decrease of fish stocks. |
A.Provide rewards to them. |
B.Urge them to stick to policies. |
C.Provide them with enough seafood. |
D.Let them know about tradesmen's policies. |
A.Range | B.Chance |
C.Risk. | D.Rate. |
A.Through expanding seafood production. |
B.By protecting all the tradesmen's profit. |
C.By joint efforts of people involved in seafood. |
D.By making policies to control seafood consumers. |