【推荐1】Cheerleading has a long-standing history in the United States. Many cheerleaders begin the _________ in primary school and can continue until university. Even professional sports teams have cheerleaders. _________, those who fall in love with cheering can continue the sport into _________.

Organized cheering started at Princeton University in 1884, when the crowd created a cheer to _________ its team. In 1898, it was Tom Peebles that became the first cheerleader when he successfully led the crowd at the University of Minnesota. Cheerleading members can make some efforts to _________ injuries. In 1923, cheerleading _________ to women.

Cheerleading has grown _________ since its origins in the United States. Most college football and basketball teams currently have their own cheerleading group. Moreover, every team in the NFL has a cheerleading squad (队), as well as the _________ of NBA teams.

Cheerleading has become an exceedingly _________ program to cheer for sports teams. From 1982 to 2006, 45 major injuries __________ during high school cheerleading events, with two of those injuries accidentally __________ in deaths. Of the 45 injuries, 14 of them also led to __________ disabilities unfortunately. __________ the same years, one female college student breathed her last, while an __________ five ended up with a disability and eleven suffered from serious injuries.

To help __________ safety in the sport, the American Association of Cheerleading Coaches and Administrators has made some __________ that members must follow. With all of the high flying __________ in cheerleading, injuries have the possibility to happen. During a forward roll, the top person must begin in a non-inverted (非倒立) __________ and keep hand-to-hand contact with two bases __________. These moves must also include a spotter who can protect the top person’s head and neck in case of a __________.

【推荐3】In interviews, famous people often say that the key to becoming both happy and successful is to “do what you love.” But mastering a skill, even one that you deeply love, requires a huge amount of hard work

Anyone who wants to master a skill must run through the _______of practice, critical feedback, alteration, and improvement over and over. Some people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years and _______their gradual improvement. Yet others find it _______to do this kind of focused, time—consuming work. Why?

The _______may turn on the ability to enter into a state of “flow”, the feeling of being completely involved in what you are doing. Flow states can happen in the course of any activity, and they are most common when a task has well—defined goals and is at a(n) _______skill level, and where the individual is able to _______their performance to clear and immediate feedback.

Flow states turn the boring practice into an autotelic activity that is, one that can be enjoyed for its own sake, rather than as a means to an end or for obtaining some _______reward. Then how can we get into a flow state for an activity that we want to master, so that we enjoy both the _______and the rewards?

Those who most _______entered into flow states had an “autotelic personality”—a quality to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow. While those without such a personality see ________autotelic individuals see opportunities to build skills. Autotelic individuals are receptive, open to new challenges and also persistent. Such people, with an ability to focus on tasks rather than ________, have a great advantage over others in developing their inborn abilities.

________, for those of us who aren’t necessarily blessed with an autotelic personality, there is evidence that flow states can be promoted by environmental factors. In particular, the learning framework advocated by Montessori schools seems to encourage flow states. In Montessori schools, learning comes through discovery rather than direct instruction and students are encouraged to develop individual interests.

【推荐2】Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man _________ it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided _________. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary _________. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock , the _________ produces it at once, and the business of trying it on follows at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with _________ any chat and to everyone’s satisfaction.

For a man, small problems may begin _________ the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to _________ the customer something else, he offers the nearest he can to the article he wants. No good salesman brings out such a substitute _________ ; he does so with skill: “I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It _________ to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is: “This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be __________ my time and yours by trying it on.”

Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every way she does so in the __________ way. Her shopping is not often __________ need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a look round”. She is always __________ to persuasion ; indeed she sets great score by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. She only wants to find something that __________ thinks fits her. Most dress shops provide chairs for the __________ husbands.

【推荐3】The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing _________. What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, _________ revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process. When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had _________ several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber _________ some of the music because the Phantom's makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds. When you revise, you change aspects of your work in _________ to your evolving purpose, or to include _________ ideas or newly discovered information. Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. _________, it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to _________ topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However, don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows _________. Always make time to become your own __________and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you __________ new ideas. Revising involves __________ the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose __________ throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the __________ , that is, facts, opinions, inferences --- that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many __________ details that may confuse readers?