| A．Based on the research findings, it looks like the mere presence of our phones might be triggering (触发) a system in students’ brain called automatic attention. That’ s a brain system that unconsciously monitors (无意中监测) the environment for signs of vital importance, which makes students focus less on their study. |
| B．In 2017, researchers were aware of the effect of cell phone presence on students. To prove this, the students were asked to complete math problems with their cellphones put on their desks, hidden in nearby bags or clothing. |
| C．Taken together, there ’s increasing evidence that the presence and usage of the cellphone in the classroom should be monitored, and even not allowed in some cases. |
| D．Although the students were required to turn off ring tones, the researchers found that the phone continued to have a great influence, occupying the students’ mental space even though they paid no attention to it. The students performed worse when the phone was nearby on the desk, and it didn’t matter if they turned it facedown. They didn’t do much better when the phone was hidden in a bag or a pocket. Why? |
| E．The researchers concluded that intuitive (本能的) fixes like putting the phone facedown or turning it off were useless. Also, they pointed out that the only effective solution was actual physical separation from the phone. That’s important when students are taking tests, of course, but the research says that physical separation is even more important when they’ re trying to learn something. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?
| A．To explain the use of a software program. |
| B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater. |
| C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater. |
| D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition. |
【推荐2】Some observers detect a bit of green washing. Building a solar park that would generate the island’s electricity will not get started before the tourist season ends. A single wind turbine (涡轮) will not be fixed before 2026 even if the licensing process goes smoothly. On the other hand, the islanders worry that tourists will go elsewhere if the view is destroyed by aturbine 200 metres high. And even then, the hybrid power unit is planned to cover only about 80% of summer demand. But it is a start.
What can be inferred from the text?
| A．The experiment will come to nothing. |
| B．There are barriers in conducting the project. |
| C．Green tourism will become a trend in Greece. |
| D．The islanders are unwilling to change their lifestyle. |
An intelligent fertilizer-pesticide distributor,
Self-driving tractors and unmanned farming vehicles
【推荐1】“However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association.said Horder. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important.” She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were from Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
What do we know about Dr Horder’s study?
| A．It aimed to find a cure for dementia. | B．Data collection was a lengthy process. |
| C．Some participants withdrew from it. | D．The results were far from satisfactory. |
【推荐2】Obviously, we can’t all live as long as Dr. Denmark. But recent research has shown that volunteering provides a longevity boost similar to the effects of adding multiple servings of fruits and vegetables to your daily diet. Specifically, older adults who volunteer are at 24 percent less risk of early death. The positive impact of giving and volunteering on older people goes beyond that. According to the research, adults over 55 who give their time for others have an easier time with everyday tasks. Besides, volunteers experience 250 percent less cognitive decline leading to dementia (痴呆).
How many benefits of volunteering are mentioned in paragraph?
| A．1 | B．2. | C．3. | D．4. |
【推荐3】The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams (欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions” (解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.
How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?
| A．Panicked. | B．Confused. | C．Embarrassed. | D．Disappointed. |
