Few humans have had the opportunity to see Earth from space. And for astronauts living in the International Space Station like Loral O’Hara, that view never gets old. “You know, you see it in photographs, but that doesn’t compare at all to seeing it in person for the first time in 3D,”O’Hara said in a recent interview. “I just saw the ocean and the clouds — this blue and white marble against the blackness of space — and it was one of the most beautiful things I’d ever seen.”
O’Hara is a flight engineer for NASA’s Expedition 70 crew, who launched into space in September 2023. She and her team spent the last six months researching a range of topics: How the human brain and body adapt to microgravity, 3D-printed human heart tissue and how space changes the immune (免疫) systems of plants. One of these investigations is the Complement of Integrated Protocols for Human Exploration Research program, or CIPHER, which is intended to help researchers understand how living in space changes human health and psychology.
On Earth, gravity keeps blood and other fluids relatively low in the body. But when astronauts live in microgravity, these fluids are pushed up towards the heart, which can cause swelling, congestion (淤血) and even vision and hearing changes. Onboard the ISS, O’Hara says astronauts keep tabs on these potential health risks, performing regular eye exams and ultrasounds to collect data. The hope is to use this data not only for microgravity research, but also for research on Earth. For example, researchers know astronauts lose about 1% to 2% of their bone density per month during spaceflight. So, O’Hara and her team are analyzing bone marrow stem cells in order to better understand both this bone loss and normal aging on Earth.
O’Hara says the changes aren’t just physical either. She’s even had new types of dreams since she boarded the ISS last September. She says she often finds herself in small, tight spaces, looking for things on the space station.
1. What does the word “that” underlined in the first paragraph refer to?A.The blue and white marble. |
B.The sight of space in pictures. |
C.The chance to see Earth from space. |
D.The life in the International Space Station. |
A.Test the astronauts’ health conditions. |
B.Understand the immune systems of plants. |
C.Investigate the human psychological issues. |
D.Study the impact of life in space on humans. |
A.Astronauts can suffer hearing changes on Earth. |
B.Researchers check their eyes to reduce health risks. |
C.Microgravity leads to some physical changes. |
D.Bone loss research is welcome among astronauts. |
A.What’s It Like to Live in Space? |
B.The Research of Microgravity in Space |
C.Do You Dream of Living in Space? |
D.An Extraordinary Woman Flight Engineer |
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【推荐1】One September afternoon during the outbreak of COVID-19, Julia Koch, a teacher in a virtual classroom at Edgewood Elementary School in Michigan, received a call from Cynthia Phillips, who was having technical difficulties with her granddaughter’s tools for online learning. Her words were so jumbled that Koch could barely understand her, though she was able to make out Phillips had fallen four times that day. Koch immediately knew something was wrong with Phillips, a woman she had spoken to many times before. Then she called her principal, Charlie Smith, who ensured her that he would call and check on Phillips himself.
Just like Koch, Smith failed to comprehend Phillips’ words. He suspected she might be having a stroke. He recognized the signs from when his own father had suffered one. Smith was able to make out the word, kids, and immediately became concerned that Phillips’ two grandchildren, aged six and eight, were probably home alone with her and scared. So dropping everything, he called an ambulance to the grandmother’s home at once and drove there in person.
When he pulled up less than ten minutes later, the emergency medical workers were treating Phillips while the two girls, looking visibly shaken, were outside with a neighbor. It was the quick response from Koch and Smith that saved Phillips’ life. She was sent to the hospital in time before long-standing damage occurred. “But for them, I wouldn’t be here.” said Phillips from her hospital bed about a month after her stroke. Thanks to an extended treatment in the hospital, she has regained most of the movement throughout her body.
Virtual learning has been a challenge across the country, but in Michigan it has helped the community grow closer. Many teachers there gave their personal phone numbers to students and families in case they needed extra help. In this case, the exchange was literally life-changing.
1. What does the underlined word “jumbled” in Paragraph 1 mean?A.Confusing. | B.Dramatic. | C.Powerful. | D.Serious. |
A.Koch told him about that. | B.He was at Phillips, house. |
C.His father had one before. | D.The illness runs in his family. |
A.She made a full recovery. | B.She was saved by a neighbor. |
C.She received a free treatment. | D.She still had the ability to move. |
A.Lives Changed by Phone Calls | B.Online Learning in Michigan |
C.The Warm-hearted Teachers | D.A Teacher’s Lifesaving Call |
【推荐2】When a stranger gave Danille and her husband Nathan a box of onions which they later found they didn’t need, she decided to pass the kindness on.
Mindful of many families struggling to feed their loved ones, Danielle placed the onions outside her home with a sign encouraging locals to “take what you need, share what you can”. Now, one year on, their stand(摊位), called the “Waverley Co-op”, provides thousands of locals with 500kg of fruit, vegetables, and bread each week. “Residents and charities donate some produce, and we top this up with $ 100 of fresh fruit and other foods,” says Danielle, who explains that others began adding to the stand with their own donations.
“A common story we hear is that the items people take from the stand enable them to save a few extra dollars so they can afford to buy meat that week.” For a new mum Stacey, it’d been the lifeline she needed to keep food on the table for her family.
Last year, the 33-year-old’s one-year-old son Kaidan ran into a hot fire screen, badly burning his hands and forehead. Then, her husband lost his job. With Kaidan needing urgent medical care in Hobart 200km away, the mother spent four weeks at her son’s bedside before returning home, which led to piles of overdue bills at home. “Without the help of the Waverley Co-op, we wouldn’t have had food or nappies,” says Stacey, who discovered the volunteer-led stand by word of mouth.
“It has been a blessing to hear the stories and meet the people in our community,” says Danielle, who couldn’t be happier that a box of onions brought so many people together. “The invisible atmosphere of trust, support, and connection—that’s been the biggest success!”
1. How did Danielle deal with the onions?A.She fed her family on them. | B.She donated them to a stand. |
C.She let others take them away. | D.She exchanged them for fresh fruit. |
A.She could merely pay the bills. |
B.She heard about the stand from others. |
C.She stayed for a year in Hobart. |
D.She was jobless after her son’s accident. |
A.Abundant food sources. |
B.Moving stories of strangers. |
C.Strengthened bonds among people. |
D.Increased communication with locals. |
A.A New Mother Saved Her Son |
B.The Waverley Co-op Gave People Hope |
C.Danielle Brought Happiness to People |
D.A-Small Stand Made All the Difference |
【推荐3】Jeff was diagnosed in 2010 with multiple myeloma(多发性骨髓瘤). It is a disease that is usually noticed when grandpa falls and breaks his hip. The average patient is in his early 70s. But Jeff was only 50 when diagnosed.
“I wondered why me, as a young guy?” Jeff says. But his relative youth and good health has put him in a position to fight the disease in his way.
In January Jeff and his wife Ramona will join a team climbing to the top of Mount Kilimanjaro to raise awareness and funds for the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation. It’s an adventure he’s dreamed about since the 4th grade.
Jeff will be one of four in the group who are myeloma patients not willing to be threatened by cancer. He and Ramona have raised nearly $18,000 toward their combined goal of $20,000.
Still, he’s confident that his earlier marathon training has prepared him to climb the highest free-standing mountain in the world. “I just have to deal with it and understand my limitations.” he says.
What Jeff sees is a clear future. “Having cancer narrows the focus about what we want to do and who we want to do it with.” he says. He and Ramona now ask themselves, “How do we go out and live the most fulfilling lives? Who are the most important people in our lives? What brings us joy?”
Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro is their next adventure, but Jeff knows it won’t be just a personal accomplishment. “I do these things for all the people who can’t.” he says.
Jeff is certain that his passion for hiking and adventure will take him to the top of Mount Kilimanjaro and that his story will inspire those with multiple myeloma to keep sight of who they are beyond their diagnosis.
“It’s obvious to me,” he says, “that this is part of my fate.”
1. What can we know about multiple myeloma according to the text?A.It’s a deadly disease that can’t be cured. |
B.It’s a disease that usually occurs around the age of 50. |
C.It’s a disease that only affects men. |
D.It’s a disease that Jeff has fought against on his terms. |
A.To get enough physical training to be stronger. |
B.To show love for climbing high mountains. |
C.To express determination to overcome the disease. |
D.To raise awareness and money for the organization. |
A.Worried | B.Optimistic | C.Favorable | D.Indifferent |
A.Part of fate. | B.Power of willingness. |
C.Love for adventure. | D.An unusual disease. |
【推荐1】Born on her family’s farm in Ray, North Dakota, Mary Sherman Morgan had been helping her father with farm work before she could attend the small-town schoolhouse. Being a few years behind didn’t hold her back and she graduated from high school with honors. Aware of her intelligence, she ran away from Ray to attend Minot State University as a chemistry major, where her skill was evident.
The outbreak of World War II resulted in a national shortage of chemists and scientists. In spite of the fact that she was still a student and a woman, she was offered a job as a chemical analyst due to her talents, producing explosives(爆炸物)for the wartime effort. She put her degree on hold and moved to Ohio, taking on the dangerous job of analyzing unstable chemicals to produce weapons.
After the war ended there was a fall in demand for explosives, so she made a move to the field of aeronautics, moving to California to work for NAA(North American Aviation). The only woman out of 900 engineers, she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating the performance of rocket propellants(推进剂)and designing speciality fuels to work with different engines. However, never having returned to complete her degree, she was not afforded the rank or higher pay of an engineer, even though she had all the skills and knowledge of one.
Her experience with propellants meant that when NAA was tasked to find a fuel capable of lifting the redesigned Redstone missiles into space, Mogan was appointed technical lead on the project. National pride was on the line, so Morgan set about investigating fuels. After countless trails, she finally designed her own mixture, which was named Hydyne.
Hydyne tested well with the Redstone missiles and subsequently other aircraft(飞行器), such as Jupiter-C rockets, proving to be a quick solution to getting to space without a total rocket redesign. The fuel made the first successful US satellite launch possible, even if Morgan silently slipped away from her success, retiring to focus on her family and leaving her chemistry career behind.
1. What do we know about Mary?A.She attended school while helping with farm work. |
B.She was offered a job as a chemistry analyst after graduation. |
C.She shifted her working focus as the domestic demand changed. |
D.She launched the first US satellite before retiring from her career. |
A.Analyzing chemicals. | B.Producing explosives. |
C.Mixing and saving fuels. | D.Designing and building aircraft. |
A.Her discovery of Hydyne. | B.Her rank as an engineer. |
C.Her special knowledge in fuels. | D.Her sense of national pride. |
A.Caring and determined. | B.Courageous and creative. |
C.Intelligent but sensitive. | D.Accomplished but proud. |
【推荐2】What do Neil Armstrong, Ed White and today’s astronauts have in common? They all wear a white spacesuit. Beyond NASA, space programs in countries like Russia and China also use white suits. This basic color has saved countless astronaut lives. NASA didn’t always have white spacesuits. Their very first manned spaceflight, Project Mercury, used silver suits, but none of those astronauts actually explored the vacuum(真空)of space. And that’s the key because out there, spacesuits have to be highly reflective. And the best color for that isn’t silver, but white.
Here on Earth, our atmosphere protects us from 77% of the sun’s radiation. But astronauts in space don’t have that natural protection, making them easily hurt by extreme temperatures, severe sunburn, and even cancer-causing cell damage. So to prevent that, they wear white suits that reflect the sun’s harmful radiation.
But those white EVA suits aren’t the only garment in an astronaut’s closet. When heading into space or coming home, NASA astronauts wear a bright orange suit similar in color to the safety vests Air Force pilots wear, and it’s for similar reasons that loud orange stands out against the blue ocean and sky and is perfect for attracting attention.
That being said, times are changing. Nowadays we have more ways of finding out astronauts in need of rescue like GPS, so space agencies are now free to get creative with their color choices. NASA and other programs are already starting to use other colors like deep blue and mustard yellow. In the future, they could look a lot different because NASA is heading to Mars. It will be the longest crewed space mission(飞行任务)to date, taking as long as three years from start to finish, and during that time, astronauts could suffer from boredom or depression. That’s where colorful spacesuits could be useful.
1. What is the benefit of wearing white spacesuits?A.Providing protection against sunlight. |
B.Building team spirit among astronauts. |
C.Avoiding damaging the vacuum of space. |
D.Guarding astronauts from solar radiation |
A.Astronauts in bright orange are easy to spot for rescue crews. |
B.Astronauts have to prepare white EVA suits diverse in pattern. |
C.Loud orange is the color of choice for dangerous space missions. |
D.The safety vests Air Force pilots wear are popular with astronauts. |
A.To set a new trend of spacesuits. |
B.To brighten up the dull space life. |
C.To show astronauts’ creative minds. |
D.To meet the demand of space agencies. |
A.Do Spacesuits Always Stay White? |
B.How Do Spacesuits Protect Astronauts? |
C.Do Colorful Spacesuits Have Advantages? |
D.Why Is White So Popular with Astronauts? |
【推荐3】Kathy Sullivan and an underwater explorer named Victor Vescovo dived 10,915 meters below the surface of the Pacific Ocean in a submarine(潜艇), making the 68-year-old ex-astronaut the first woman ever to reach that depth and Vescovo the only person to have dived to the place three times. Dr. Sullivan was among the first women to join NASA as an astronaut. In 1984,she took part in a 3.5 hour spacewalk and became the first American woman to take part in activities in space outside of a spacecraft. But she has also intended to contribute something to the ocean. After she left NASA in 1993, she began working for NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) as its chief scientist.
The goal of the submarine dive was the Mariana Trench, the deepest valley in the ocean floor. And its deepest part, also the deepest point on Earth is known as Challenger Deep that is nearly 11 kilometers below the surface of the ocean.
At present, there’s only one submarine called Limiting Factor in the world that can take two people down that far. It was built for Vescovo. Last year, Vescovo used it to map the deepest points in all five of the world’s oceans. He is the first person to have done this. Because it’s so hard to get down to Challenger Deep, before Dr. Sullivan, only seven people had ever reached it. This time, the two spent about an hour and a half at the bottom, taking pictures of the area to be used for Sullivan’s studies. The time is required to adjust to the changing pressure from the weight of the water above, and it took four hours for the submarine to come back to the surface. After that, they made a phone call to the International Space Station (ISS) to compare ideas with the astronauts about what was similar between their experiences. For Dr. Sullivan, this experience was a “once-in-a-lifetime day”.
1. How many times had Vescovo dived to Challenger Deep before Sullivan?A.1. | B.2. | C.3. | D.4. |
A.Ambitious. | B.Considerate. |
C.Modest. | D.Cautious. |
A.They mapped the deepest points. |
B.They took pictures in the submarine. |
C.They phoned the ISS to exchange ideas. |
D.They had to deal with the water pressure. |
A.For the Deepest Ocean Dive | B.The Deepest Point on Earth |
C.From Space to the Ocean Deep | D.A Once-in-a-lifetime Day |
【推荐1】Running is undoubtedly a healthy lifestyle, but it is difficult to stick to it. I still remember one 50-minute run in particular in the spring of 2018. I made a detailed plan at first and immediately began creating a long list of excuses as to why this was simply just not going to work, why I wasn’t fit enough and why I would fail. I was afraid that I had no confidence in my plan. Before I even tied my shoes, I’d already convinced myself I couldn’t do that.
How would it go? I had quit the workout mentally before I even started. Who knows how many times I stopped and restarted my watch? I spent an awfully long afternoon sitting by the road feeling sorry for myself. One bad workout would even upset me for days. I questioned my fitness gradually and cut more workouts short. And pretty soon, my fitness gradually came to a steady level or moved backward.
The problem I gradually realized was that I treated my entire training plan like a tempo run—hard, fast, strict. In a tempo run, if you don’t hit your pace early, it’s nearly impossible to catch up. Therefore, I realized I needed to treat my training like my favorite workout: the long run. I love ignoring my watch, settling into a relaxing pace, enjoying the route and focusing on only one goal—finishing. I love that I can have a bad mile in the middle and still end up strong.
Now, when I set a new goal and write a new training plan, I have what I call “the long-run mindset”. I find success and value in my training because I’m not eager for immediate results as before. Yes, there is still an important place for hard fast tempo runs, but I have shifted my attitude to thinking bigger than short-term outcomes and work towards lifelong success.
1. How did the author first feel about his running plan?A.Positive. | B.Convinced. | C.Unsure. | D.Unafraid. |
A.He had a poor-quality watch. | B.He had a loser’s mental state. |
C.His health was improving rapidly. | D.His training plan was easy to follow. |
A.By ignoring the finishing line. | B.By finding a tense workout pace. |
C.By forgetting his previous achievements. | D.By treating the training in a different way. |
A.Doing is better than saying. | B.Think twice before you leap. |
C.A good plan makes a good ending. | D.It’s an attitude of mind that counts. |
【推荐2】"Get up, get up, Jim. It's time to get up!" my mother said while she was pushing me. I opened my eyes and looked at the clock. "Oh dear! It's a quarter to eight already. I'll be late for school again," I thought. I jumped out of the bed, washed my face, then hurried to the bus stop without breakfast. As soon as I got on the bus, it started running. "I'm sure I can get to the school on time," I said to myself. Suddenly the bus stopped. The bus driver got off the bus, then got on the bus again and said, "I'm sorry, ladies and gentlemen. There's something wrong with the bus. Please get off the bus and wait for another one." "I couldn't wait. The school is not far. I'd better run to the school," I thought, and then I began to run. But before I got to the school, it began to rain hard.
I reached the classroom but I was wet shivering with cold. The physics teacher had already begun his lesson. It was Mr. Smith. He was about fifty years old. All the students were a little afraid of him and so was I. I liked neither him nor his physics lessons. I hesitated for a moment and then I opened the door. "I'm very sorry, Mr. Smith. I'm late again," I said with a red face.
"It's you again, Jim," Mr. smith said angrily. "I've told you not be late, but you…" he suddenly stopped and looked at my wet clothes. He turned to the class and said, "I'm very sorry, my boys and girls." With these words he quickly took off his own jacket and handed it to me. "Now take off your wet coat and put this one or you'll catch cold," he said kindly.
I went to my seat with Mr. Smith's jacket on. It was a bit large for me but I felt very warm in it. I found, for the first time, physics was so interesting and how well I could understand it!
1. Jim was late for school because _______.A.he got up too late | B.there was something wrong with the bus |
C.it rained heavily | D.he had to wait for the bus |
A.felt sad | B.looked kind |
C.looked worried | D.was unhappy |
A.the jacket was large enough to keep him warm |
B.Mr. Smith took good care of him |
C.he understood what Mr. Smith said all the time |
D.physics is easy if you like the physics teachers |
A.students can't be late for school |
B.students can learn better if teachers love them |
C.physics is easy if you like the physics teachers |
D.you'll catch cold if your clothes are wet |
【推荐3】Moving to a foreign country is an amazing, life-changing experience. It’s an opportunity to meet new people, make yourself completely involved in a different culture and possibly learn another language. However, before embarking on such an adventure, there are some practical decisions that need to be made. One such decision is choosing where to live.
For me, choosing to live with a French family was the best choice I made, and here is why.
Firstly, a family can show you around the city or town and help you settle in, stopping you from feeling lonely. When you’re in a new environment with people you don’t know and who are speaking a language you’re still not fluent in, you might feel lost, tired and homesick—I know I did. However, my host family were wonderful and welcoming; they showed me which buses to take to get to work and cooked dinner for me so we could eat together, and took me with them on trips to the beach, the theatre and even a bullfight. These were great opportunities to experience French culture and build relationships, which in turn helped me feel more comfortable and welcome.
Moreover, living with French people has been brilliant for helping me improve my language skills. Being constantly exposed to authentic French conversation has allowed me to learn new phrases, widen my vocabulary and even improve my accent. My host family are happy to answer my questions and correct me when I say things wrong, which makes me a better and more confident French speaker.
Finally, the experience of living abroad is one that you will remember forever, and perhaps the friendships—like the memories—will also last. Your host family might become your friends for life. You might return for their birthdays, weddings, holidays, and much more. I hope to remain in contact with my host family long after I leave France because when I was away from my friends and loved ones, they welcomed me and made me part of their family.
1. What does the underlined phrase “embarking on” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A.Remarking on. | B.Setting about. |
C.Depending on. | D.Putting forward. |
A.In a dormitory. | B.In his own apartment. |
C.In a host family. | D.In his friend’s house. |
A.Improving his French skills. |
B.Feeling homesick and lonely. |
C.Making friends from different countries. |
D.Introducing English culture to the French. |
A.By making comparisons. | B.By following the order of time. |
C.By following the order of importance. | D.By listing detailed reasons. |