The humble beaver could hold the key to saving our water, according to a new research that has found how their dam building skills protect the rivers threatened by climate change.
The research, done on rivers in Colorado, found the wooden barriers built by beavers raise water level upstream. As it builds up, the water flows into surrounding soils and secondary waterways. These acts separate out extra nutrients and pollutants before water reenters the main channel downstream.
Extreme weather events, such as severe storms, impact water quality in major river systems. Droughts and floods are becoming more frequent, and the scientists have also found they are contributing to an increase in the American be aver in the US, and consequently an explosion of dam building.
The team chose to monitor a 40-kilometer stretch of the East River. They reviewed data on water levels gathered hourly by sensors fixed in the river and the areas along the river.
They also collected water samples, including from below the ground’s surface to monitor nutrient and pollutant levels. The researchers compared water quality along the stretch during a historically dry year, to water quality the following year when water levels were unusually high. They also compared these year-long datasets to water quality during the nearly three- month period, starting in late July 2018, when the be aver dam blocked the river.
The study revealed the dams increased nitrate (硝酸盐) by nearly 50% by increasing the pressure of the water flow upstream 10 times over, which pushed more water out into the surrounding areas. This decrease in nitrates, which are absorbed and digested by tiny organisms in the soil, helped increase the oxygen content and quality in the rivers.
Beavers’ handiwork is responsible for the land they love.
1. What do the wooden barriers created by beavers act as?A.Waterways. | B.Samples. | C.Dams. | D.Sensors. |
A.More dams emerge on the river. |
B.More American beavers appear in the US. |
C.More pollutants are removed from the river. |
D.More oxygen is created in the river. |
A.To keep an eye on the water quality. | B.To compare water quality of the stretch. |
C.To reveal the damage caused by floods. | D.To save the river from drying up. |
A.Organisms help decrease nitrate. |
B.Beavers contribute to climate change. |
C.Extreme weather catches researcher’s eyes. |
D.Beavers help protect rivers against climate change. |
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Elephant reserve Country: Thailand This is a working vacation at a wildlife centre. Anyone can become a volunteer if he/she agrees to help the elephant keepers with tasks. Daily tasks Gather the elephants at 6: 30 am. Take them to look for food in the forest. Clean the enclosure(围场). Swim with the elephants in the lake in the afternoon. If volunteers want to relax after work, they can watch satellite television. How this vacation helps If these elephants hadn’t been rescued, they would still be living on the streets of Bangkok. The rural environment is much better for them than the urban environment where there is lots of pollution. |
Gorilla safari (旅行) Countries: Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda Departures(出发):2-3 departures per month from Aug. to Dec. If you’re lucky, you’ll see lions, elephants and rhinos during this safari. The highlight of the trip is the opportunity to see gorillas in the mountain forests. However, you must be in good health—if a gorilla caught a cold, it would be extremely harmful to its whole family. How this vacation helps There are only about 600 gorillas left in the world as human activity has reduced the area where they can live. When you buy a ticket, this will pay for the protection of the national park. |
Polar bear watching Area&Country: Arctic,Canada Departures: sixty trips between Oct.1-Nov.19. Every October and November groups of polar bears gather in Hudson Bay. As they are normally lonely creatures, this is unusual. The bears wait for the ocean to freeze so that they can hunt for seals, so this is the perfect opportunity to see them. How this vacation helps If the Arctic ice cap melts due to global warming, polar bears will be in danger. We give a share of our profits(利益) to the charity that protects polar bears. |
A.Take a bath for the elephants at 6:30 am. |
B.Teach the elephants to swim in the lake. |
C.Make sure the enclosure is clean every day. |
D.Watch satellite television to learn knowledge about elephants. |
A.You can set off in April to see gorillas. |
B.You will get a cold in mountain forests. |
C.To see lions in the mountain forests may be the best part of the trip. |
D.Human activities have made the gorilla living area smaller. |
A.October 10 | B.September 30 |
C.December 24 | D.August 10 |
【推荐2】Jeremi was doing homework when he heard a thump (重击声). A bird had flown into the window and fallen onto the balcony. Jeremi rushed to check. Just when he was about to open the door, it flew away.
Not all birds are so lucky. According to a study , between 365 million and a billion birds are killed each year in the United States by flying into glass.
“Birds don’t mean to fly into buildings. It’s the reflectivity of the windows that tricks them,” says Christine Sheppard, director of the glass-collisions program at the American Bird Conservancy. “When birds see reflections of trees — to them, they are just more trees that they can fly into.”
Sheppard and others, including environmentalists and building designers, work to make buildings bird-friendly to lower the number of bird collisions. One method is to use less glass. Another is to cover a glass building with some kind of screen. A third method is to use special glass.
Officials agreed to use patterned glass to take the place of some glass in 2009. Building designer Piselli worked on the project. “We need to consider what humans need and what birds need,” Piselli says. He notes that with glass, “ the main thing is to put something on it that birds can see, so they are not tricked by reflections and people can still enjoy daylight through the glass.”
Work on the Javits Center project was completed in 2014. “We ended up bringing down collisions by more than 90%,” Piselli says.
1. Why did the author think the bird was lucky?A.It wasn’t hurt by an enemy. | B.It could fly freely in the sky. |
C.It wasn’t killed after hitting the window. | D.It received good care from its owner. |
A.They need to stop to have a rest. |
B.They want to play tricks on humans. |
C.They’re trying to get inside the buildings. |
D.They’re confused by reflections in the windows. |
A.Reasons for making friends with birds. | B.Ways to make buildings safer for birds. |
C.The disadvantages of glass windows. | D.Great examples of new high buildings. |
A.It was very successful. |
B.It was unacceptable to bird lovers. |
C.It took longer to complete than expected. |
D.It played a big role in stopping air pollution. |
【推荐3】At The Rachael Ray Foundation (RRF), we’re pretty big animal lovers. As a part of our work, we supply a wide variety of organizations that do good for animals, from rescue to care and more. Get to know a few of them and the work we do together.
Pittsburgh Aviation Animal Rescue Team
RRF helped enable Pittsburgh Aviation Animal Rescue Team (PAART) to purchase a new and bigger plane for its rescue missions which bring animals from danger to safety. Whether it be flying dogs in overcrowded shelters to new homes, saving animals caught in the path of natural disasters, or bringing supplies to shelters in need, the brave PAART pilots are always ready to help.
National Disaster Search Dog Foundation
National Disaster Search Dog Foundation (SDF) works to find and train shelter dogs who have the talent and drive to become search and rescue animals. RRF supports SDF’s efforts to identify and transform rescued dogs into rescuers, to provide lifetime care for these dogs and to find homes for all dogs who enter the SDF training program.
Rachael Ray Save Them All Grants
This is a program administered by Best Friends Animal Society (BFAS) to support Best Friends’ network partners in their lifesaving efforts. The money has been awarded to organizations across the country to fund initiatives such as adoption drives and shelter intake prevention efforts.
North Shore Animal League America Disaster Relief Grants
This program, administered by North Shore Animal League America (NSALA), provides money for animal welfare organizations impacted by disasters. RRF is proud to help NSALA in its efforts to identify needs in disaster situations and provide targeted, effective relief.
1. What is special about PAART?A.It provides necessities for animals in need. | B.It conducts animal rescue missions by plane. |
C.It is supported by the Rachael Ray Foundation. | D.It assists in finding adopters for rescued animals. |
A.PAART. | B.SDF. | C.BFAS. | D.NSALA. |
A.They both strongly promote animal adoption. |
B.They both offer training programmes for all dogs. |
C.They are administered by Best Friends Animal Society. |
D.They both financially assist animal welfare initiatives. |
【推荐1】You might feel burned out after solving a difficult math problem or studying for a whole day. Are our brains really “burning” when we spend a lot of time thinking? In fact, our brains never stop burning calories, even if we aren't thinking about anything.
Our brains are powered by glucose, a kind of sugar that can be found in carbohydrates (碳水化合物) like rice and noodles. The glucose goes to the brain through the bloodstream. It powers the neurons (神经元) in our brains. Since our brain never really rests, it is burning energy in the form of glucose all the time. Even when we sleep, our brain needs energy to keep our body's basic functions (功能) working. These include breathing, digesting, and keeping the body warm.
The brain uses up 20 to 25 percent of the body’s total energy. That’s 350 calories per day for woman and 450 for man. When you are five or six years old, your brain uses up to 60 percent of the body's energy, according to Live Science.
When we are thinking hard, the brain burns more calories . In one experiment, researchers found that people who worked on a hard task on a computer ate around 200 more calories than those who were resting. That explains why you feel hungry and eat more after taking exams or studying for a long time.
1. Our brains get energy from ________.A.glucose | B.calories | C.neurons | D.resting |
A.Around 20 to 25. | B.Around 350 to 450. |
C.Around 580 to 750. | D.Around 1,800 to 2,250. |
A.people burned fewer calories if they were thinking |
B.people working on computers ate more than others |
C.people who were resting got hungry, more easily |
D.people working on hard tasks burned more calorie.. |
A.why people feel hungry. |
B.how brains burn calories |
C.when our brains work |
D.why some people eat more |
【推荐2】Have you ever heard people say that laziness is the mother of poverty? Laziness is a sin (罪), everyone knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But is it often the case?
In fact, laziness is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule (嘲笑) or having their idea stolen. These people who seem lazy may be paralyzed by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work; some people are so busy planning, sometimes planning great deals or fantastic achievements that they are unable to deal with whatever “lesser” work is on hand. Still other people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating — rescheduling their day.
Laziness can actually be helpful. Like procrastinators (拖延者), some people may look lazy when they are really thinking, planning, contemplating (沉思), researching. We should all remember that great scientific discoveries occurred by chance. Sitting “lazily” under the tree, Newton wasn’t working in the orchard (果园) when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity. All of us would like to have someone “lazy” build the car, particularly if that “laziness” was caused by the worker’s taking time to check each step of his work and to do his job right. And sometimes, being “lazy” — that is, taking time off for a rest — is good for the overworked students or executives. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the “lazy” athlete who is trying too hard or the “lazy” doctor who’s simply working himself overtime too many evenings at the clinic. So be careful when you’re tempted to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next work. See for yourself!
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.The impacts of being lazy on work. |
B.The reasons for some people being lazy. |
C.The work model of lazy people. |
D.The approaches to avoiding laziness. |
A.Laziness is a serious physical disease. |
B.Laziness is more beneficial than harmful. |
C.Some people appear lazy because they feel insecure. |
D.Some people avoid serious work for lack of patience. |
A.Humorous. | B.Pessimistic. | C.Doubtful. | D.Indifferent. |
A.To introduce how to avoid being lazy. |
B.To compare different attitudes to lazy people. |
C.To remind the reader laziness is not always what it appears to be. |
D.To encourage the reader to become independent individuals. |
【推荐3】Given that most little girls love to dress up as princesses, it is difficult to imagine what might be wrong with that. But one author has written an entire book on how she believes the fairy tale fantasies send a dangerous message.
Jennifer L Hardstein is behind the recently-published Princess Recovery: A How-To Guide to Raising Strong, Empowered Girls Who Can Create Their Own Happily Ever Afters. The child and adolescent psychologist believes that children as young as two are taking away unrealistic ideals from fairy tale books and Disney cartoons that can affect their self-esteem later on.
In her book, Dr. Hardstein theories that traditional stories like Sleeping Beauty and Cinderella promote the idea that if a girl is pretty enough and has fancy clothes and shoes, she find love and popularity. The author refers to this phenomenon as the “Princess Syndrome”
These kinds of messages, she says, have a huge impact on a girl's self-confidence and make it hard for children to understand as they grow up, that intelligence, generosity and passion are more important value. During an appearance on CBS' Early Show, Dr. Hardstein explained: “Girls are getting this message everywhere that. … what their worth is based on is how they look and the things that they have and it's very superficial (肤浅的)”
Her book teaches parents how to let their toddlers (幼儿) enjoy the Disney moves and their teenagers watch figures in reality shows while encouraging a discussion about the messages projected by the media. Speaking on the show she said: “Parents think their kids will understand the messages that they receive all the time but actually they don't.”
As well as warning of the dangers of “Princess Syndrome” her book advise parents how to guide and empower their children from an early age. Dr. Hardstein warns of the influence of toys like Barbie dolls and teenager celebrities who might wear heavy make-up.
Princess Recovery, she assure parents, will bring “balance, confidence, and self-sufficiency into your daughter's life while giving her a modern, energetic childhood.”
1. According to Jennifer L Hardstein, the fairy tale fantasies _______A.are dangerous because girls in them greys up like princesses |
B.are difficult to understand due to people's wrong imagination |
C.enable girls to be strong and empowered like princesses |
D.contain unrealistic ideals affecting young kids' self-esteem later |
A.Sleeping Beauty and Cinderella should be abandoned totally |
B.girls find love and popularity with beauty and fancy clothes |
C.intelligence, generosity and passion are more important value |
D.it is superficial to look pretty and have fancy clothes and shoes |
A.Disney movie's and reality shows should be completely forbidden. |
B.Discussions help kids understand messages projected by the media. |
C.Young children should ' play with toys such as Barbie dolls. |
D.Heavy make-up is harmful for the health of teenager celebrities. |
A.introduce a new term called the “Princess Syndrome” | B.guide parents how to deal with the fairy tale fantasies |
C.introduce and advertise a new book on child raising | D.warning of the dangers of the “Princess Syndrome” |