For most of history, people lived in small groups of up to 150 people. Then villages and small towns developed, offering safety and support through the sharing of resources. As time passed, urban living brought additional advantages such as better jobs, schools and healthcare. Larger towns also gave people more chances to meet and interact. This is important.
Today, over half of the world’s population currently lives in towns and cities. But this has resulted in a strange paradox (悖论). Although social opportunities are one reason people choose to live in large cities, research suggests that city life can be lonely.
The development of virtual communities can be traced back to the 1860s. Back then, telegraph operators exchanged messages and gradually formed friendships over long distances.
These days, there are thousands of virtual communities and that number keeps growing. Many people believe they will become more important.
A.This trend, however, is not likely to continue. |
B.As Aristotle said, the nature of humans is to be social. |
C.That may explain why virtual communities are so popular. |
D.The first popular online communities developed in the 1980s. |
E.Before cell phones existed, radio was an easy way to communicate. |
F.Nevertheless, others worry about problems with these communities. |
G.This is among the earliest examples of virtual community interactions. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Whether you like it or not, as students, you have to live with roommates after going to school or university. Having a roommate can be one of the best experiences, or easily one of the worst.
Here are five tips for you to follow to avoid the common mistakes that make good roommate relationships worse.
Talking things out.
Clean up after yourself. Or at least, keep your things on your side.
Ask before you take. This applies to food, clothes and anything else that you don't own.
A.Don't expect to be the best friends. |
B.Communication is of great importance. |
C.Rooms can be really easy for a mess to pile up. |
D.Try to make your roommates your best friends. |
E.You don't need to keep the room clean and organized all the time. |
F.You'd better show your roommate that you have respect for his or her things. |
G.If you want to have a good relationship with your roommate, it all starts with you. |
【推荐2】Dealing with Difficult Relationships
Everyone has at least one awkward or tense relationship.
If you find a relationship unhealthy and it's time for you to set boundaries, the following advice may be helpful.
Setting boundaries for difficult relationships starts by admitting how you are affected by the relationships.
Next, decide how much time you should spend with these people.
Settling boundaries requires taking a long, honest look at yourself. By saying no to harmful patterns in relationships, you say “yes” to a healthier you.
A.Does this kind of relationship lower your self-respect? |
B.These people may be your family members or even friends. |
C.It's easy to spend too much time and energy offering them help. |
D.People may try to keep you in an unhealthy relationship. |
E.But a friend who considers how you feel will respect your willingness to try something new. |
F.It's not easy to set boundaries because you may be afraid of losing them. |
G.Do they bring you closer to your goals or pull you farther away? |
【推荐3】My problems started after I went to a boarding school. I was only 14, and at first I missed my family a lot. I often called them and cried on the phone. But after two weeks, I found I enjoyed being with my classmates at school.
I had many friends who were boys. I thought of them as my best friends—but only friends. I never guessed my friendships with boys would become a problem.
Then, three months later, my friends told me that some teachers and girls said I was hanging out with boys all day long in order to get attention from them. Seven months after that, the head teacher Mr. Wang asked the class to choose some students to join the Student Union. I thought I could win for I was doing well in school. I’d already won prizes for the best math and English exams. A week later, the list came out and it didn’t include me. I was sad.
Mr. Wang came to me and said, “Don’t be sad. I know you’re excellent! Maybe you’re a little distant from the girls in our class. They don’t know much about you, so some of them didn’t choose you. It doesn’t matter. Do your best to get along well with everyone and I think you’ll make it next time.”
1. What was the writer’s problem when she first entered the boarding school?A.She didn’t like her new school. | B.She didn’t get along well with her classmates. |
C.She missed her family very much. | D.She didn’t like her new teacher. |
A.Her teachers didn’t like her. | B.She was a poor student. |
C.Some girls didn’t choose her . | D.She likes showing off herself. |
A.陌生的 | B.疏远的 | C.热心的 | D.粗鲁的 |
A.The teacher thought she was an excellent student. |
B.The writer didn’t realize that her friendships with boys would cause problems. |
C.The writer was sad because she failed to join the Student Union. |
D.The writer won prizes for the best science and English exams. |
【推荐1】With less children in a British family, the population of the UK has been decreasing for quite a few years.
The size of the British workforce (劳动力) is declining.
So a British person gets a job, gets a home and gets married.
In addition, uncertainty in the global economy often affects British family size. In face of an economic downturn, young British find it more difficult to find jobs or keep their existing ones.
To save the British family, the government is taking active measures.
A.This prevent them from having larger families. |
B.There are a number of reasons accounting for the worrying trend (趋势). |
C.It is important to raise people's awareness of saving the British family. |
D.It is difficult for parents to balance life and work. |
E.Expensive houses also play a part. |
F.For example, by increasing monthly Child Benefit money and offering government subsidy (津贴). |
G.Why isn’t he or she then having at least two children on average? |
【推荐2】EVs are in the middle of an obesity epidemic
Fisker, an electric vehicle, unveiled the future line-up on August 3rd. It included: a souped-up, off-road version of the Ocean. Though Fisker says sustainability is one of its founding principles, it is indulging in a trait almost universal among car firms: building bigger, stronger cars, even when they are electric.
There are two reasons for this. The first is profit. As with conventional cars, bigger EVs generate higher margins. The second is consumer preference. For decades, drivers have been opting for SUVs and pickup trucks rather than smaller cars, and this now applies to battery-charged ones. EV drivers, who worry about the availability of charging infrastructure, want more range, hence bigger batteries. That may help make for a more reassuring ride. But eventually the supersizing trend will prove to be unsustainable and unsafe.
For now, carmakers can argue that however big the electric rigs, they have a positive impact on the planet. Though manufacturing EVs—including sourcing the metals and minerals that go into them—generates more greenhouse gases than a conventional car, they quickly compensate for that through the absence of tallpipe emissions.
But in the long run the trend for bigger butteries may backfire, for economic and environmental reasons. First, the bigger the battery, the more pressure there will be on the supply chain. If battery sizes increase there are likely to be looming seareitles of lithium and nickel. That will push up the cost of lithium-ion batteries, undermining carmakers’ profitability. Second, to charge bigger batteries in a carbon-neutral way requires more low-carbon electricity. That may create bottlenecks on the grid. Third, the more pressure on scarce resources vital for EV production, the harder it will be to make affordable electric cars critical for electrifying the mass market. That will slow the overall decarbonisation of transport. Finally, there is safety. Not only is a battle tank that does zero to 100 kilometres per hour in the blink of an eye a liability for anyone that happens to be in its way.
Governments have ways to encourage EVs to shrink. The most important is to support the expansion of charging infrastructure, which would reduce range anxiety and promote smaller cars. Taxes could punish heavier vehicles and subsidies could promote lighter ones.
Ultimately, the industry is almost sure to realise the folly of pursuing size for its own sake. The penny is starting to drop. Ford’s CEO, Jim Farley, recently said carmakers could not make money with the longest-range batteries. His opposite number at General Motors, Mary Barra, has taken the unexpected step of reversing a plan to retire the affordable Chevy Bolt EV. In Europe, carmakers like Volkswagen are building smaller, cheaper EVs. Tesla is said to be planning a compact model made in Mexico.
1. Consumers want EVs with more range and bigger batteries because ______.A.they can bring more profits |
B.they can reduce tailpipe emissions |
C.they are more secure |
D.there are insufficient charging facilities for them |
A.Rising cost of batteries will increase profitability |
B.Conventional cars produce more greenhouse gases than EVs in production |
C.Bigger batteries may create more pressure on the supply chain |
D.The demand on scarce resources in EVs makes electric cars more affordable |
A.Lighter electric vehicles should be encouraged. |
B.Bigger, stronger cars are safer and more sustainable. |
C.Supersizing electric vehicles have a positive impact on the planet. |
D.EVs with bigger batteries may help make for a more comfortable ride. |
【推荐3】In response to the more than 1,500 books challenged to be removed from libraries last year, the New York Public Library (NYPL) launched an effort to make some banned books available for everyone for free.
The initiative is called Books for All and allows any reader aged 13 and older to access commonly banned books through the library’s app until the end of May. There is no wait to access the books and no fines. Typically, access to books at the New York Public Library is only available to New Yorkers with a library card.
“ The recent instances of both attempted and successful book banning — primarily on titles that explore race, religion, and history — are extremely disturbing and amount to an all-out attack on the very foundation of our democracy (民主), ” said Tony Marx, president of the NYPL. “ Knowledge is power. Ignorance is dangerous, breeding hate and division. Since their inception (创始), public libraries have worked to fight against these forces simply by making all perspectives and ideas accessible to all, ” he continued.
The New York Public Library’s efforts were launched on April 13. The books currently available are Speak by Laurie Halse Anderson, King and the Dragonflies by Kacen Callender, Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You by Jason Reynolds and I bram X. Kendi, and The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger.
Brooklyn Public Library also announced a similar initiative called Books Unbanned for those aged 13-21.
Nikole Hannah-Jones, creator of The 1619 Project and a Brooklyn Public Library board member, said, “ This is such a fantastic move and a model for how other institutions in states that aren’t banning books can help those who live in states. Healthy societies do not ban books. ”
1. Why did NYPL make some banned books available for everyone for free?A.Because they were valueless to preserve. |
B.Because they were too expensive to purchase. |
C.Because they would be removed from libraries. |
D.Because president of NYPL wanted to do charity. |
A.Random. | B.Opposed. | C.Favorable. | D.Indifferent. |
A.He wanted to purchase the banned books. |
B.He supported the government’s ban on books. |
C.He agreed to offer the public the banned books. |
D.He thought the banned books are useless to children. |
A.NYPL is selling banned books. | B.Healthy societies should have more banned books. |
C.Banned books are removed from libraries. | D.NYPL offers banned books free of charge. |