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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.94 引用次数:361 题号:291518
If you don’t have a college degree, you’re at greater risk of developing memory problems or even Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆). Education plays a key role in lifelong memory performance and risk for mental disorder, and it’s well documented that those with a college degree possess a cognitive (认知的)   advantage over their less educated counterparts in middle and old age.
Now, a large national study from Brandeis University published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry shows that those with less schooling can significantly make up for poorer education by frequently engaging in mental exercises such as word games, puzzles, reading, and lectures.
“The lifelong benefits of higher education for memory in later life are quite impressive, but we do not clearly understand how and why these effects last so long,” said lead author Margie Lachman, a psychologist. She suggested that higher education may encourage lifelong interest in cognitive efforts, while those with less education may not engage as frequently in mental exercises that help keep the memory agile (敏捷地).
But education early in adulthood does not appear to be the only route to maintain your memory. The study found that intellectual activities undertaken regularly made a difference. “Among individuals with low education, those who are engaged in reading, writing, attending lectures, doing word games or puzzles once a week or more had memory scores similar to people with more education,” said Lachman.
The study, called Midlife in the United States, assessed 3,343 men and women between the ages of 32 and 84 with a mean age of 56 years. Almost 40 percent of the participants had at least a 4-year college degree. The researchers evaluated how the participants performed in two cognitive areas, verbal memory and executive function --- brain processes involved in planning, abstract thinking and cognitive flexibility. Participants were given a battery of tests, including tests of verbal fluency, word recall, and backward counting.
As expected, those with higher education said they engaged in cognitive activities more often and also did better on the memory tests, but some with lower education also did well, explained Lachman.
“The findings are promising because they suggest there may be ways to level the playing field for those with lower educational achievement, and protect those at greatest risk for memory declines,” said Lachman. “Although we can not rule out the possibility that those who have better memories are the ones who take on more activities, the evidence is consistent with cognitive plasticity   (可塑性), and suggests some degree of personal control over cognitive functioning in adulthood by adopting an intellectually active lifestyle.”
1. What is the text mainly about?
A.Higher education has a better cognitive advantage.
B.Better memories result from college degree.
C.Cognitive activity does a mind good.
D.Poor education has more risk of memory declines.
2. According to the result of Margie Lachman’s study, we can conclude that ________.
A.education is responsible for the lifelong memory performance and risk for mental disorder
B.education early in adulthood can be the only route to maintain your memory
C.those with higher education did better on the memory tests than those with lower education
D.an intellectually active lifestyle does help to maintain your memory
3. What do we know about the study called Midlife?
A.Participants each were given a battery to test their memory.
B.The average age of the participants are 56 years old.
C.Participants had to perform in one of the two cognitive areas.
D.One in four of the participants had a 4-year college degree.
4. Why are the findings of the Lachman’s study promising?
A.The lower educated may have the same opportunities to keep up memory.
B.We may have ways to cure the people who have memory declines.
C.Adopting a different lifestyle can control over cognitive functioning.
D.We can find out the possibility to have better memories.
2010·浙江·二模 查看更多[4]
【知识点】 科普知识 说明文

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【推荐1】There are various ways in which to read body language so that you can understand how someone is feeling. Reading emotional clues (线索)is one of them.

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Embarrassment can be expressed by turning the eyes or shifting them away. If someone looks down at the floor a lot, they are probably shy, afraid, or embarrassed. People also tend to look down when they are upset, or trying to hide something emotional. People are often thinking and feeling unpleasant emotions when they are in the process of staring at the ground.

There are also some signs of pride. People show pride by displaying a small smile, holding their head backward, and putting their hands on their hips.

1. In what situation may one have"crocodile tears"?
A.When he is sad.B.When he cheats others.
C.When he supports others.D.When he is angry.
2. What might a man do when angry?
A.Shape his eye brows into a"w".B.Sigh heavily.
C.Cross his arms tightly.D.Open his eyes wide.
3. What do we know about the emotional clues in the text?
A.Most of them show negative feelings.B.They usually express positive emotions.
C.They can be controlled well be humans.D.They are good for people's health.
4. What is the best title for the passage?
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C.What expressive emotions we have?D.How to read emotional clues?
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。研究发现,失眠会导致情绪问题,而且还有可能影响人的行为方式。

【推荐2】Scientists have done a lot of research on sleep. They’ve shown that sleeplessness can lead to both weight gain and poor performance in school. Might it also affect your moods (情绪) or your behavior? A team of scientists based in Shanghai, China decided to investigate.

To do that, they took advantage of data (数据) from what’s known as the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Begun in 2015, this study followed over 10, 000 U. S. kids into adulthood. All were 9 to 10 years old when they started taking part. ABCD researchers have been collecting records from parents on how much their kids sleep on a regular basis. The scientists also have been surveying whether a kid might have a habit of getting into fights or breaking rules. They even note whether students have difficulty focusing their attention.

Wei Cheng, a mathematician from China, teamed up with other researchers, making a detailed study of the ABCD data. Cheng’s group found out that kids who on average slept less than 7 hours a night were more likely to have behavior problems than kids who slept more. Kids who missed out on sleep also had more mood problems, including depression. Feeling sad or blue for longer than a week or two can be a sign of depression. Poor sleepers were also more likely to have stomach problems and headaches.

According to Kyla Wahlstrom, a professor at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, at night, your brain sorts information to link related facts but it takes the brain longer to organize negative (消极的) moods than positive ones. If you don’t get enough sleep, your brain might not have time to finish tidying up. If the brain runs out of time, you’re left with negative moods. That may explain why Cheng’s group found out not getting enough sleep was connected with mood problems, says Wahlstrom.

1. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
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【推荐3】Apples are packed with amazing health benefits: weight loss, heart protection, lowering your risk for diabetes, and many more. Not only are they good for you, but they taste yummy too! The only problem is that the slices we pack for lunch are always an unappetizing brown by the time we dig them out of the fridge. Apple slices turn brown because the enzymes(酶) called polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in the fruit’s flesh react with oxygen in the air. The reaction makes the fruit go from a soft yellow to a rotten-looking brown.

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The Opal apple is actually a cross between a Golden Delicious and a Topaz apple, and it’s crisp with a sweet, floral flavor. Plus, it still has all the health benefits that every other apple has. Although FirstFruits Marketing does not publish nutrition facts for the Opal apples, the yellow apple’s nutrition value should be similar, if not the same, to every other apple at the supermarket.

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1. What will happen to the ordinary apple slices put in the air?
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C.It is genetically modified
D.It has no spots on its skin.
3. What can we infer from the third paragraph?
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D.The Opal apple is the only one certified by the Non-GMO Project.
4. What is the author’s attitude towards the Opal apple?
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