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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.85 引用次数:940 题号:298102

Besides relevant theories and keen logic, a scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior.   It’s vital for his credit as a qualified economist.     He must obtain numbers and material both on the resources of consumers and on the efforts that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.

If an economist were asked which of the three groups borrow most——people with rising incomes, stable incomes or declining incomes——he would probably answer: those with declining incomes.   Actually, in the past 5 years, the answer was: people with rising incomes.   This shows us that traditional assumptions about earning and spending are not always reliable.   Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will hurry to buy.   If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying.   But research surveys have shown that this is also not always the case.   Their expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying.   One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices.   “In a few months,” she said, “we’ll have to pay more for meat and milk.   We’ll have less to spend on other things.”   Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase.   Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be hated and buyer’s resistance may be caused.   This is shown by the following typical comment of the wife: “I just don’t pay these prices: they are too high.”

Traditional assumptions should be investigated carefully, and factors of time and place should be considered.   The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America.   Research conducted at the same time in Great Britain, however, produced results that were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns.   The condition most beneficial to spending appears to be price stability.   If prices have been stable and people have become accustomed to considering the current prices “right”, they are likely to buy.   Thus, in a society of good economy which maintains consumer confidence, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices with occasional sales or discounts is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology.

1. According to the passage, it is essential for a successful economist to ______.
A.know about economic theories
B.be capable of logical thinking
C.predict the latest national economy
D.to understand consumers’ spending habits
2. The example of the mechanic’s wife is intended to show that ______.
A.people tend to buy more when prices are expected to fall
B.people tend to buy less when prices are expected to fall
C.people tend to buy more when prices are expected to rise
D.people tend to buy less when prices are expected to rise
3. Findings in investigations in Britain show _____.
A.consumer behaviour may vary in different places
B.Britain and America share similar saving and spending patterns
C.Britain is important in economic research
D.occasional discounts and sales are important
4. Accorg to the passage, what is most helpful in promoting spending?
A.Big discount.
B.Good consumer confidence.
C.Steady price.
D.Positive consumer psychology.
2010·上海·二模 查看更多[1]

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【推荐1】 Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.

She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with, painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”

Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures, so, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”

With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around £823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifths wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.

1. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A.An artist.B.A winner.C.A specialist.D.A pioneer.
2. Why did Terri’s grandfather give her £5 a day?
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3. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented?
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【推荐2】Wanted: “Golden taste buds” and a very sweet tooth

What if you’ve got to eat candy all day for your job?

There is a job that can include these duties, which is called being a “taste tester”. The Candy Funhouse is a candy company in Canada. Right now, it is hiring a taste tester. The job’s name is “chief candy officer”.

Candy Funhouse put up an ad for the job. The ad says the chief candy officer will be in charge of “all things fun”, so it’s special. The person who gets this job will have to like eating candy. Do you know how much? More than 100 pieces a day on average!

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Many people think this job sounds pretty fun. The job is even open to kids! Are you 5 or older? Then you can apply!

Do you want this job? If you say yes, you need “golden taste buds (味蕾)”and “an obvious sweet tooth”, the ad says. You cannot be allergic to anything. You also need ideas about how to sell more candy, or how to make the candy better.

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As a taste tester for a candy company, you have to know how to talk about taste. You also have to understand different textures (口味). A texture is the way something feels when you eat it. For example, the texture of toast is sharp, firm and fresh. The texture of yoghurt is smooth. All in all, taste testers do more than eat candy. They should be aware of how to make sure their company has high-quality products.

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